Introduction: Hypertrophic and keloid scars are abnormal tissue growth that can be disfiguring, for which the available treatment has not yielded consistent results. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the capability of Adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) therapy in treating these scars. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception until July 2022. We included experimental studies that evaluated ADSCs as a therapy for hypertrophic and keloid scars in both in-vivo and in-vitro models. Results: Our findings extracted from 12 included studies demonstrated that ADSCs have a promising potential in reducing collagen deposition, proliferation, and migration rates of fibroblast, decreasing gene/protein expression of scar-related molecules including levels of TGF-β1 and lowering intracellular signal pathway-related molecules of hypertrophic and keloid scars in both models. However, no significant difference (P > .05) was found in the hypertrophic scar in-vitro models in terms of DCN gene expression. Conclusion: Ultimately, the current studies included in this systematic review support the use of ADSCs to alleviate hypertrophic and keloid scars.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue with mesenchymal lineage differentiation potential and remarkable potential in regenerative medicine. ADSCs are easily sourced from adipose tissue, share regenerative characteristics akin to other MSCs. Their convenient adherence to plastic culture flasks, coupled with their capacity for in vitro expansion and multi-lineage differentiation, underscores their promise as a robust tool for tissue repair and enhancement. The accessibility of human adipose tissue and the development of minimally invasive isolation protocols have further propelled the autologous use of ADSCs, fueling excitement in both organ repair and regenerative medicine. Consequently, research in ADSCsis experiencing rapid growth. A detailed overview of the current landscape of ADSCs isolation and differentiation capacity including the latest advancements in ADSCs usage, encompassing ongoing clinical investigations are important considerations to understand their potential to shape the landscape of regenerative medicine.
- MeSH
- Cell Differentiation * physiology MeSH
- Stem Cells * cytology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells * cytology physiology MeSH
- Regenerative Medicine * methods MeSH
- Tissue Engineering methods MeSH
- Adipose Tissue * cytology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Stem cells derived from adipose tissue are gaining popularity in the field of regenerative medicine due to their adaptability and clinical potential. Their rapid growth, ability to differentiate, and easy extraction with minimal complications make adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) a promising option for many treatments, particularly those targeting bone-related diseases. This study analyzed gene expression in canine ADSCs subjected to long-term culture and osteogenic differentiation. METHODS: ADSCs were isolated from discarded surgical waste and cultured for 14 days with and without differentiation media to assess osteogenic changes. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatical analysis were performed to obtain comprehensive transcriptomic data. A total of 17793 genes were detected and GO enrichment analysis was performed on the differentially expressed genes to identify significantly up- and downregulated Biological Process (BP) GO terms across each comparison. RESULTS: The upregulation of apoptosis-regulating genes and genes related to circulatory system development suggest an induction of these processes, while the downregulation of neurogenesis and gliogenesis genes points to reciprocal regulation during osteogenic differentiation of canine ADSCs. DISCUSSION: These findings underscore the potential of ADSCs in bone regeneration and offer valuable insights for advancing tissue engineering, however further studies, including proteomic analyses, are needed to confirm these patterns and their biological significance.
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- Journal Article MeSH
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) layers are known for their high corrosion and wear resistance, low friction, and high biocompatibility. However, it is often necessary to dope DLC layers with additional chemical elements to strengthen their adhesion to the substrate. Ti-DLC layers (doped with 0.4, 2.1, 3.7, 6.6, and 12.8 at.% of Ti) were prepared by dual pulsed laser deposition, and pure DLC, glass, and polystyrene (PS) were used as controls. In vitro cell-material interactions were investigated with an emphasis on cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. We observed slightly increasing roughness and contact angle and decreasing surface free energy on Ti-DLC layers with increasing Ti content. Three-week biological experiments were performed using adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs) in vitro. The cell proliferation activity was similar or slightly higher on the Ti-doped materials than on glass and PS. Osteogenic cell differentiation on all materials was proved by collagen and osteocalcin production, ALP activity, and Ca deposition. The bmMSCs exhibited greater initial proliferation potential and an earlier onset of osteogenic differentiation than the ADSCs. The ADSCs showed a slightly higher formation of focal adhesions, higher metabolic activity, and Ca deposition with increasing Ti content.
BACKGROUND: Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by progressive edema with complicated treatment. Recently, new treatment strategies inducing lymphangiogenesis were proposed. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on lymphatic regeneration and drainage re-establishment in vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) model using a pedicled vascularized lymph node (VLN) groin flap. METHODS: Female Lewis rats with groin VLN flaps were utilized as a lymphedema model. Group A served as the control. Group B received VEGF-C. Group C received both VEGF-C and ADSCs. Group D received ADSCs only. Lymphatic drainage re-establishment was evaluated by ultrasound-photoacoustic imaging (US-PAI) after indocyanine green (ICG) injection. RESULTS: The fastest regeneration of elevated flaps was observed in Groups B and C in all monitored periods. After the first month, ICG positivity was detected in 14.3% of animals in Group A, 71.43% of animals in Group B (odds ratio [OR] = 15; p = 0.048), and 83.33% in Group C (OR = 30; p = 0.027). On the contrary, the difference between control group and Group D (16.67%; p = 0.905) was statistically insignificant. Administration of VEGF-C, ADSC + VEGF-C, and ADSC led to full flap regeneration after 6 months. The control group had the lowest percentage of ICG positivity at all monitored time points. CONCLUSION: We found that the fastest regeneration occurred with the combination of the VLN flap and VEGF-C. The addition of ADSC had an insignificant effect in our study. Furthermore, we proved the feasibility of PAI as an assessment tool of the lymphatic drainage recovery in a VLNT model.
- MeSH
- Indocyanine Green MeSH
- Stem Cells MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Lymph Nodes blood supply MeSH
- Lymphedema * surgery etiology MeSH
- Rats, Inbred Lew MeSH
- Regeneration MeSH
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The aim of our research was to study the behaviour of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) on variously modified poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) foils, namely on pristine PLLA, plasma-treated PLLA, PLLA grafted with polyethylene glycol (PEG), PLLA grafted with dextran (Dex), and the tissue culture polystyrene (PS) control. On these materials, the ADSCs were biochemically differentiated towards VSMCs by a medium supplemented with TGFβ1, BMP4 and ascorbic acid (i.e. differentiation medium). ADSCs cultured in a non-differentiation medium were used as a negative control. Mature VSMCs cultured in both types of medium were used as a positive control. The impact of the variously modified PLLA foils and/or differences in the composition of the medium were studied with reference to cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. We observed similar adhesion and growth of ADSCs on all PLLA samples when they were cultured in the non-differentiation medium. The differentiation medium supported the expression of specific early, mid-term and/or late markers of differentiation (i.e. type I collagen, αSMA, calponin, smoothelin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain) in ADSCs on all tested samples. Moreover, ADSCs cultured in the differentiation medium revealed significant differences in cell growth among the samples that were similar to the differences observed in the cultures of VSMCs. The round morphology of the VSMCs indicated worse adhesion to pristine PLLA, and this sample was also characterized by the lowest cell proliferation. Culturing VSMCs in the differentiation medium inhibited their metabolic activity and reduced the cell numbers. Both cell types formed the most stable monolayer on plasma-treated PLLA and on the PS control. The behaviour of ADSCs and VSMCs on the tested PLLA foils differed according to the specific cell type and culture conditions. The suitable biocompatibility of both cell types on the tested PLLA foils seems to be favourable for vascular tissue engineering purposes.
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- Aorta metabolism MeSH
- Biocompatible Materials MeSH
- Biopolymers chemistry MeSH
- Cell Adhesion MeSH
- Cell Differentiation drug effects MeSH
- Stem Cells cytology MeSH
- Microscopy, Atomic Force MeSH
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle cytology MeSH
- Oxazines chemistry MeSH
- Polyesters chemistry MeSH
- Polymers chemistry MeSH
- Polysaccharides chemistry MeSH
- Polystyrenes chemistry MeSH
- Surface Properties MeSH
- Swine MeSH
- Cell Proliferation MeSH
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular cytology MeSH
- Materials Testing MeSH
- Tissue Engineering methods MeSH
- Adipose Tissue metabolism MeSH
- Xanthenes chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A165 (VEGF-A165) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) are currently used for the functionalization of biomaterials designed for tissue engineering. We have developed a new simple method for heterologous expression and purification of VEGF-A165 and FGF-2 in the yeast expression system of Pichia pastoris. The biological activity of the growth factors was assessed in cultures of human and porcine adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). When added into the culture medium, VEGF-A165 stimulated proliferation only in HUVECs, while FGF-2 stimulated the proliferation of both cell types. A similar effect was achieved when the growth factors were pre-adsorbed to polystyrene wells. The effect of our recombinant growth factors was slightly lower than that of commercially available factors, which was attributed to the presence of some impurities. The stimulatory effect of the VEGF-A165 on cell adhesion was rather weak, especially in ADSCs. FGF-2 was a potent stimulator of the adhesion of ADSCs but had no to negative effect on the adhesion of HUVECs. In sum, FGF-2 and VEGF-A165 have diverse effects on the behavior of different cell types, which maybe utilized in tissue engineering.
- MeSH
- Cell Adhesion drug effects MeSH
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells cytology metabolism MeSH
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 chemistry genetics pharmacology MeSH
- Stem Cells cytology metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Swine MeSH
- Cell Proliferation drug effects MeSH
- Recombinant Proteins chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A chemistry genetics pharmacology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Engineering artificial skin constructs is an ongoing challenge. An ideal material for hosting skin cells is still to be discovered. A promising candidate is low-cost cellulose, which is commonly fabricated in the form of a mesh and is applied as a wound dressing. Unfortunately, the structure and the topography of current cellulose meshes are not optimal for cell growth. To enhance the surface structure and the physicochemical properties of a commercially available mesh, we coated the mesh with wood-derived cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Three different types of mesh coatings are proposed in this study as a skin cell carrier: positively charged cationic cellulose nanofibrils (cCNFs), negatively charged anionic cellulose nanofibrils (aCNFs), and a combination of these two materials (c+aCNFs). These cell carriers were seeded with normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) or with human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to investigate cell adhesion, spreading, morphology, and proliferation. The negatively charged aCNF coating significantly improved the proliferation of both cell types. The positively charged cCNF coating significantly enhanced the adhesion of ADSCs only. The number of NHDFs was similar on the cCNF coatings and on the noncoated pristine cellulose mesh. However, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the cCNF coating promoted cell survival. The c+aCNF construct proved to combine benefits from both types of CNFs, which means that the c+aCNF cell carrier is a promising candidate for further application in skin tissue engineering.
- MeSH
- Cellulose * MeSH
- Hydrogels MeSH
- Stem Cells MeSH
- Skin * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Tissue Engineering MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Background: Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) have great potential for cell-based therapies, including tissue engineering. However, various factors can influence the characteristics of isolated ADSCs. Methods: We studied the influence of the harvesting site, i.e., inner thigh (n = 3), outer thigh (n = 3), outer thigh (n = 3), outer thigh (. Results: We revealed higher initial cell yields from the outer thigh region than from the abdomen region. Negative pressure did not influence the cell yields from the outer thigh region, whereas the yields from the abdomen region were higher under high negative pressure than under low negative pressure. In the subsequent passage, in general, no significant relationship was identified between the different negative pressure and ADSC characteristics. No significant difference was observed in the characteristics of thigh ADSCs and abdomen ADSCs. Only on day 1, the diameter was significantly bigger in outer thigh ADSCs than in abdomen ADSCs. Moreover, we noted a tendency of thigh ADSCs (i.e., inner thigh+outer thigh) to reach a higher cell number on day 7. Discussion. The harvesting site and negative pressure can potentially influence initial cell yields from lipoaspirates. However, for subsequent in vitro culturing and for use in tissue engineering, it seems that the harvesting site and the level of negative pressure do not have a crucial or limiting effect on basic ADSC characteristics.in vitro culturing and for use in tissue engineering, it seems that the harvesting site and the level of negative pressure do not have a crucial or limiting effect on basic ADSC characteristics.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
A comparison between breast cancer cell line MCF7 and human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) after irradiation by the same doses of megavoltage X-rays was performed. The cell growth, the induction of apoptosis and the expression of selected genes were analyzed. Irradiated MCF7 related to its control sample grows slower than ADSC and it undergoes apoptosis in much higher levels than ADSC. This was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction as well, where the expression of apoptotic genes was found to be considerably higher for MCF7 than for ADSC. From the results of this project, it could be stated that MCF7 is more radiosensitive than ADSC.
- MeSH
- Apoptosis radiation effects MeSH
- Stem Cells radiation effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- MCF-7 Cells radiation effects MeSH
- Cell Proliferation radiation effects MeSH
- Radiation Tolerance * MeSH
- Adipocytes radiation effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
