Azimuthal angle
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A new method providing a relief phase contrast for investigation of microorganisms by optical microscopy used a neutral filter Zeiss NG 10/1 that could be controllably slid at a certain azimuthal angle below the aperture condenser diaphragm of the microscope phase contrast. Two ways of application are described depending on the type of the microscope: (1) in a special holder, and (2) fixed on a rubber ring. The device enabled us to obtain excellent results in the area of both optical microscopy and microphotography. With the microorganisms visualized, a better resolution, higher contrast and a significant 3D effect were obtained; outer morphology and organelles (chloroplasts, nuclei, granules, oil reserve vacuoles, etc.) could also be investigated.
OBJECTIVES: Arterial hypertension negatively influences the peripheral auditory system, causing sensorineural hearing loss. Much less is known about the detrimental effects of hypertension on the central auditory functions. METHODS: We tested 32 arterial hypertension patients and 32 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers with the expanded tonal audiometry (0.125-12.5 kHz), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (0.75-8 kHz), horizontal minimum audible angle test for eight azimuths with binaural stimulation and the random gap detection test. RESULTS: Peripheral hearing of the hypertensive patients was impaired in comparison with the controls within all audiometric frequencies (0.125-12.5 kHz) and within specific groups of frequencies. Distortion product otoacoustic emission results were significantly lower for frequencies 4 (P = 0.04) and 6 kHz (P < 0.001). The sound localization ability in the horizontal minimum audible angle test was significantly worse in the hypertensive patients in the 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 270° azimuth when the interaural pure tone average (0.5-1-2 kHz) was set less than 20 dB hearing level (P < 0.05), and in the 0°, 90°, 225°, and 270°azimuth when the binaural pure tone average (0.5-1-2 kHz) was set 20 dB or less hearing level (P < 0.05). Gap detection thresholds in the random gap detection test did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Arterial hypertension is independently related to the damage of the peripheral part of the auditory system resulting in high-frequency hearing loss. Hypertensive disturbances of central auditory processing are more discrete and concern the spatial hearing resolution.
- MeSH
- audiometrie čistými tóny MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypertenze komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- otoakustické emise spontánní MeSH
- percepční nedoslýchavost epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
We present the ROCA (ROad Curvature Analyst) software, in the form of an ESRI ArcGIS Toolbox, intended for vector line data processing. The software segments road network data into tangents and horizontal curves. Horizontal curve radii and azimuth of tangents are then automatically computed. Simultaneously, additional frequently used road section characteristics are calculated, such as the sinuosity of a road section (detour ratio), the number of turns along an individual road section and the average cumulative angle for a road section. The identification of curves is based on the naïve Bayes classifier and users are allowed to prepare their own training data files. We applied ROCA software to secondary roads within the Czech road network (9,980 km). The data processing took less than ten minutes. Approximately 43% of the road network in question consists of 42,752 horizontal curves. The ROCA software outperforms other existing automatic methods by 26% with respect to the percentage of correctly identified curves. The segmented secondary roads within the Czech road network can be viewed on the roca.cdvgis.cz/czechia web-map application. We combined data on road geometry with road crashes database to develop the crash modification factors for horizontal curves with various radii. We determined that horizontal curves with radii of 50 m are approximately 3.7 times more hazardous than horizontal curves with radii accounting for 1000 m. ROCA software can be freely downloaded for noncommercial use from https://roca.cdvinfo.cz/ website.
- MeSH
- automobily normy MeSH
- bezpečnost MeSH
- dopravní nehody prevence a kontrola MeSH
- geografické informační systémy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pomůcky pro sebeobsluhu * MeSH
- řízení motorových vozidel * normy MeSH
- rotace * MeSH
- rozpoznávání automatizované metody MeSH
- software * normy MeSH
- životní prostředí - projekt MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
