Potential changes in the mobility and bioavailability of risk and essential macro- and micro-elements achieved by adding various ameliorative materials were evaluated in a model pot experiment. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was cultivated under controlled condition for 60 days in two soils, uncontaminated Chernozem and multi-element contaminated Fluvisol containing 4900 ± 200 mg/kg Zn, 35.4 ± 3.6 mg/kg Cd, and 3035 ± 26 mg/kg Pb. The treatments were all contained the same amount of sulfur and were as follows: (i) digestate from the anaerobic fermentation of biowaste, (ii) fly ash from wood chip combustion, and (iii) ammonium sulfate. Macro- and micro-nutrients Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, P, and S, and risk elements Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn were assayed in soil extracts with 0.11 mol/l solution of CH3COOH and in roots, shoots, and grain of wheat after 30 and 60 days of cultivation. Both digestate and fly ash increased levels of macro- and micro-nutrients as well as risk elements (especially Cd and Zn; the mobility of Pb decreased after 30 days of cultivation). The changes in element mobility in ammonium sulfate-treated soils appear to be due to both changes in soil pH level and inter-element interactions. Ammonium sulfate tended to be the most effective measure for increasing nutrient uptake by plants in Chernozem but with opposite pattern in Fluvisol. Changes in plant yield and element uptake in treated plants may have been associated with the higher proline content of wheat shoots cultivated in both soils compared to control. None of the treatments decreased uptake of risk elements by wheat plants in the extremely contaminated Fluvisol, and their accumulation in wheat grains significantly exceeded maximum permissible levels; these treatments cannot be used to enable cereal and other crop production in such soils. However, the combination of increased plant growth alongside unchanged element content in plant biomass in pots treated with digestate and fly ash suggests that these treatments have a beneficial impact on yield and may be effective treatments in crops grown for phytoremediation.

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• nutriční nároky MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• popel uhelný analýza   chemie   MeSH
• prolin metabolismus   MeSH
• pšenice růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The use of biotransformed dry olive residue (DOR) as organic soil amendment has recently been proposed due to its high contents of stabilized organic matter and nutrients. The potential of biotransformed DOR to immobilize risk elements in contaminated soils might qualify DOR as a potential risk element stabilization agent for in situ soil reclamation practices. In this experiment, the mobility of risk elements in response to Penicillium chrysogenum-10-transformed DOR, Funalia floccosa-transformed DOR, Bjerkandera adusta-transformed DOR, and Chondrostereum purpureum-transformed DOR as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Funneliformis mosseae, inoculation was investigated. We evaluated the effect of these treatments on risk element uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants in a pot experiment with Cd, Pb, and Zn contaminated soil. The results showed a significant impact of the combined treatment (biotransformed DOR and AMF inoculation) on wheat plant growth and element mobility. The mobile proportions of elements in the treated soils were related to soil pH; with increasing pH levels, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, P, Pb, and Zn mobility decreased significantly (r values between -0.36 and -0.46), while Ca and Mg mobility increased (r = 0.63, and r = 0.51, respectively). The application of biotransformed DOR decreased risk element levels (Cd, Zn), and nutrient concentrations (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn) in the aboveground biomass, where the elements were retained in the roots. Thus, biotransformed DOR in combination with AMF resulted in a higher capacity of wheat plants to grow under detrimental conditions, being able to accumulate high amounts of risk elements in the roots. However, risk element reduction was insufficient for safe crop production in the extremely contaminated soil.

• MeSH
• kořeny rostlin MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
• mykorhiza * MeSH
• Olea * MeSH
• půda MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In this study the feasibility of Eisenia andrei to digest great amount of wastes including horse manure (HM), apple pomace (AP), grape pomace (GP), and digestate (DG) was monitored through a continuous-feeding system. New layers of fresh material were gradually added to form an aged-profile of layers in order to understand the interaction between earthworms and microorganisms during vermicomposting. Thus, changes in chemical and biological parameters were evaluated for 240days. The earthworm population reached maximum values in 120 d-old-layer, which was related to an increase in overall microbial biomass, assayed as dehydrogenase activity, in all of the processed materials. The pH was generally alkaline or neutral in all of the materials. The electrical conductivity did not modify significantly during vermicomposting, except in the case of the processed GP, and DG. The stabilization, in all of the processed materials, was detected after 240 d of vermicomposting, as indicated the decline in the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The N-NO3(-) content exhibited an enhanced in the processed HM and AP, while a generalized decreased was found in the GP, and DG materials in 240 d-old-layer. The decline in microbial biomass activity, in all processed substrates, was related to a decrease in the earthworm activity after 240 d of vermicomposting, indicating a high degree of stabilization. However, the β-glucosidase, phosphatase, protease, and o-diphenol oxidase activities were different according to the age of layers and type of processed material. The phytotoxicity test indicated that the end products of the processed AP and DG were chemically stable and enriched with nutrients in comparison with the HM and GP vermicompost. This fact indicates to stabilization (maturation) in the end product, which is important for its safe disposal as an organic nutrient-rich product.

• MeSH
• biodegradace * MeSH
• hnůj MeSH
• odpadky - odstraňování metody   MeSH
• Oligochaeta fyziologie   MeSH
• ovoce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Metal-polluted soils represent hostile environments affecting the composition and functions of soil microbial communities. This study evaluated the implication of combining the mycoremediated dry olive residue (MDOR) amendment application with the inoculation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae in restoring the quality, composition, and functionality of soil microbial communities. To achieve this aim, a mesocosms experiment was set up that included three variations: i) with and without application of Penicillium chrysogenum-10-transformed MDOR (MDOR_Pc), and Chondrosterum purpureum-transformed MDOR (MDOR_Cp) amendments; ii) with and without F. mosseae inoculation; and iii) 30-day and 60-day soil treatment time. As a result of this combined treatment, changes in the soil labile organic C and N fractions were observed throughout the experiment. Increases in the abundance of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) for bacteria, actinobacteria, and Gram- and Gram+ bacteria were also recorded at the end of the experiment. The addition of MDOR amendments boosted fungal and AM fungi communities. AM fungi root and soil colonization was also enhanced as the result of improvement nutrient turnover and spatial conditions caused by adding MDOR in combination with an inoculation of F. mosseae. The composition and functionality of microbial communities seemed to be an important ecological attribute indicating an apparently fully functional restoration of this metal-polluted soil and therefore suggesting the suitability of the combined MDOR and AM fungus treatment as a reclamation practice.

• MeSH
• houby MeSH
• kovy MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• mykorhiza * MeSH
• Olea * MeSH
• půda MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Olive oil production is one of the most relevant agroindustrial activities in the Mediterranean region and generates a huge amount of both solid and semi-solid wastes, the uncontrolled disposal of which might lead to serious environmental problems. Due to its organic matter and mineral nutrient content, the waste material can be applied to agricultural soil as a fertilizer. However, due to its high organic matter content, dry olive residue (DOR), commonly called "alperujo," has the potential to immobilize risk elements in contaminated soils. The main objective of this study was to assess the possible effect of DOR on sorption of risk elements such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the soil. A set of batch sorption experiments were carried out to assess the ability of DOR to adsorb Cd, Pb, and Zn where the effect of the preceding biotransformation of DOR by four species of fungi: Penicillium chrysogenum, Coriolopsis floccosa, Bjerkhandera adusta, and Chondrostereum purpureum was compared. The Freundlich and Langmuir sorption isotherms were calculated to assess the sorption characteristics of both transformed and non-transformed DOR. The results showed good potential sorption capacity of DOR, especially for Pb and to a lesser extent for Cd and Zn. Better sorption characteristics were reported for the biotransformed DOR samples, which are expected to show higher humification of the organic matter. However, the desorption experiments showed weakness and instability of the DOR-bound elements, especially in the case of Zn. Thus, future research should aim to verify the DOR sorption pattern in contaminated soil as well as the potential stabilization of the DOR element bounds where the increase of the pH levels of the DOR samples needs to be taken into account.

• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• biotransformace MeSH
• houby metabolismus   MeSH
• kadmium chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• odpadní produkty analýza   MeSH
• Olea chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• olovo chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• zinek chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Středomoří MeSH

On the basis of a previous study performed in our laboratory, the use of organic and inorganic amendments can significantly modify the Hg mobility in soil. We have compared the effectiveness of organic and inorganic amendments such as digestate and fly ash, respectively, reducing the Hg mobility in Chernozem and Luvisol soils differing in their physicochemical properties. Hence, the aim of this work was to compare the impact of digestate and fly ash application on the chemical and biochemical parameters in these two mercury-contaminated soils in a model batch experiment. Chernozem and Luvisol soils were artificially contaminated with Hg and then incubated under controlled conditions for 21 days. Digestate and fly ash were applied to both soils in a dose of 10 and 1.5 %, respectively, and soil samples were collected after 1, 7, 14, and 21 days of incubation. The presence of Hg in both soils negatively affected to processes such as nitrification, provoked a decline in the soil microbial biomass C (soil microbial biomass C (MBC)), and the microbial activities (arylsulfatase, and β-glucosaminidase) in both soils. Meanwhile, the digestate addition to Chernozem and Luvisol soils contaminated with Hg improved the soil chemical properties (pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), N (Ntot), inorganic-N forms (N-NH4 (+) and N-NO3 (-))), as consequence of high content in C and N contained in digestate. Likewise, the soil MBC and soil microbial activities (dehydrogenase, arylsulfatase, and β-glucosaminidase) were greatly enhanced by the digestate application in both soils. In contrast, fly ash application did not have a remarkable positive effect when compared to digestate in Chernozem and Luvisol soil contaminated with mercury. These results may indicate that the use of organic amendments such as digestate considerably improved the soil health in Chernozem and Luvisol compared with fly ash, alleviating the detrimental impact of Hg. Probably, the chemical properties present in digestate may determine its use as a suitable amendment for the assisted-natural attenuation of mercury-polluted soils.

• MeSH
• arylsulfatasy chemie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny chemie   MeSH
• hexosaminidasy chemie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   chemie   MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy chemie   MeSH
• popel uhelný chemie   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• regenerace a remediace životního prostředí MeSH
• rtuť analýza   chemie   MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Biological treatments are considered an environmentally option to clean-up polluted soil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A pot experiment was conducted to comparatively evaluate four different strategies, including natural attenuation (NA), mycoaugmentation (M) by using Crucibulum leave, phytoremediation (P) using maize plants, and microbial-assisted phytoremediation (MAP) for the bioremediation of an aged PAH-polluted soil at 180 days. The P treatment had higher affinity degrading 2-3 and 4 ring compounds than NA and M treatments, respectively. However, M and P treatments were more efficient in regards to naphthalene, indeno[l,2,3-c,d]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene degradation respect to NA. However, 4, 5-6 rings undergo a strong decline during the microbe-assisted phytoremediation, being the treatment which determined the highest rates of PAHs degradation. Sixteen PAH compounds, except fluorene and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, were found in maize roots, whereas the naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were accumulated in the shoots, in both P and MAP treatments. However, higher PAH content in maize biomass was achieved during the MAP treatment respect to P treatment. The bioconversion and translocation factors were less than 1, indicating that phystabilization/phytodegradation processes occurred rather than phytoextraction. The microbial biomass, activity and ergosterol content were significantly boosted in the MAP treatment respect to the other treatments at 180 days. Ours results demonstrated that maize-C. laeve association was the most profitable technique for the treatment of an aged PAH-polluted soil when compared to other bioremediation approaches.

• MeSH
• Agaricales růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• kukuřice setá růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Both soil organic matter and sulfur (S) can reduce or even suppress mercury (Hg) mobility and bioavailability in soil. A batch incubation experiment was conducted with a Chernozem and a Luvisol artificially contaminated by 440 mg · kg(-1) Hg showing wide differences in their physicochemical properties and available nutrients. The individual treatments were (i) digestate from the anaerobic fermentation of biowaste; (ii) fly ash from wood chip combustion; and (iii) ammonium sulfate, and every treatment was added with the same amount of S. The mobile Hg portion in Chernozem was highly reduced by adding digestate, even after 1 day of incubation, compared to control. Meanwhile, the outcome of these treatments was a decrease of mobile Hg forms as a function of incubation time whereas the contents of magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and phosphorus (P) were stimulated by the addition of digestate in both soils. The available calcium (Ca) contents were not affected by the digestate addition. The experiment proved digestate application as the efficient measure for fast reduction of mobile Hg at extremely contaminated soils. Moreover, the decrease of the mobile mercury portion was followed by improvement of the nutrient status of the soils.

• MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• mikroživiny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• rtuť analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Genome-wide association studies have identified breast cancer risk variants in over 150 genomic regions, but the mechanisms underlying risk remain largely unknown. These regions were explored by combining association analysis with in silico genomic feature annotations. We defined 205 independent risk-associated signals with the set of credible causal variants in each one. In parallel, we used a Bayesian approach (PAINTOR) that combines genetic association, linkage disequilibrium and enriched genomic features to determine variants with high posterior probabilities of being causal. Potentially causal variants were significantly over-represented in active gene regulatory regions and transcription factor binding sites. We applied our INQUSIT pipeline for prioritizing genes as targets of those potentially causal variants, using gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci), chromatin interaction and functional annotations. Known cancer drivers, transcription factors and genes in the developmental, apoptosis, immune system and DNA integrity checkpoint gene ontology pathways were over-represented among the highest-confidence target genes.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• celogenomová asociační studie * MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokus kvantitativního znaku * MeSH
• mapování chromozomů metody   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádory prsu genetika   MeSH
• regulační oblasti nukleových kyselin MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• vazebná nerovnováha MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

CONTEXT: 4H or POLR3-related leukodystrophy is an autosomal recessive disorder typically characterized by hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B, POLR1C, and POLR3K. The endocrine and growth abnormalities associated with this disorder have not been thoroughly investigated to date. OBJECTIVE: To systematically characterize endocrine abnormalities of patients with 4H leukodystrophy. DESIGN: An international cross-sectional study was performed on 150 patients with genetically confirmed 4H leukodystrophy between 2015 and 2016. Endocrine and growth abnormalities were evaluated, and neurological and other non-neurological features were reviewed. Potential genotype/phenotype associations were also investigated. SETTING: This was a multicenter retrospective study using information collected from 3 predominant centers. PATIENTS: A total of 150 patients with 4H leukodystrophy and pathogenic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B, or POLR1C were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Variables used to evaluate endocrine and growth abnormalities included pubertal history, hormone levels (estradiol, testosterone, stimulated LH and FSH, stimulated GH, IGF-I, prolactin, ACTH, cortisol, TSH, and T4), and height and head circumference charts. RESULTS: The most common endocrine abnormalities were delayed puberty (57/74; 77% overall, 64% in males, 89% in females) and short stature (57/93; 61%), when evaluated according to physician assessment. Abnormal thyroid function was reported in 22% (13/59) of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm pubertal abnormalities and short stature are the most common endocrine features seen in 4H leukodystrophy. However, we noted that endocrine abnormalities are typically underinvestigated in this patient population. A prospective study is required to formulate evidence-based recommendations for management of the endocrine manifestations of this disorder.

• MeSH
• biologická variabilita populace MeSH
• dědičné demyelinizační nemoci CNS komplikace   epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DNA řízené RNA-polymerasy genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická heterogenita MeSH
• hypogonadismus epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondriální nemoci komplikace   epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nemoci endokrinního systému epidemiologie   etiologie   genetika   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• poruchy růstu epidemiologie   etiologie   genetika   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• RNA-polymerasa III genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH