Immunochemical methods are used not only in clinical practice for the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases but also in basic and advanced research. Based on the unique reaction between the antibody and its respective antigens, it serves to specifically recognize target molecules in biological complex samples. Current methods of labelling antibodies with elemental labels followed by detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) allow detection of multiple antigens in parallel in a single analysis. Using the laser ablation (LA) modality (LA-ICP-MS), it is also possible to monitor the spatial distribution of biogenic elements. Moreover, the employment of metal nanoparticle-labeled antibodies expands the applicability also to molecular imaging by LA-ICP-MS. In this work, conjugates of model monoclonal antibody (DO-1, recognizing p53 protein) with various metal nanoparticles-based labels were created and utilized in dot-blot analysis in order to compare their benefits and disadvantages. Based on experiments with the p53 protein standard, commercial kits of gold nanoparticles proved to be the most suitable for the preparation of conjugates. The LA-ICP-MS demonstrated very good repeatability, wide linear dynamic range (0.1-14 ng), and limit of detection was calculated as a 1.3 pg of p53 protein.
- MeSH
- europium chemie MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- imunoblotting MeSH
- kadmium chemie MeSH
- kovové nanočástice chemie MeSH
- kvantové tečky chemie MeSH
- lasery MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- stříbro chemie MeSH
- zlato chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
A mononuclear cadmium(II) complex of formula [Cd(5,5'-dmbipy)2(OAc)2]·2H2O (5,5'-dmbipy = 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine and OAc = acetato ligand) has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The molecular structure of the complex shows a distorted tetragonal antiprism CdN4O4 coordination geometry around the cadmium atom, resulting in coordination by four nitrogen atoms from two 5,5'-dmbipy ligands and four oxygen atoms from two acetate anions. The interaction of this complex to FS-DNA (fish sperm DNA) has also been studied by electronic absorption, fluorescence and gel electrophoresis techniques. Binding constant (Kb), Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv), number of binding sites (n) and bimolecular quenching rate constant (kq) have been calculated from these spectroscopic data. These results have revealed that the metal complex can bind effectively to FS-DNA via groove binding. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG°) show that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces have an important function in the Cd(II) complex-DNA interaction. The antibacterial effects of the synthesized cadmium complex have also been examined in vitro against standard bacterial strains: one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 25923) and one Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, ATCC 25922) bacteria, using disk diffusion and macro-dilution broth methods. The obtained results show that the Cd(II) complex exhibits a marked antibacterial activity which is significantly better than those observed for its free ligand and metal salt for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, this metal complex is a more potent antibacterial agent against the Gram-positive than that of the Gram-negative bacteria.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- DNA chemie MeSH
- kadmium chemie MeSH
- krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
- ligandy MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- molekulární modely * MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- pyridiny chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- techniky syntetické chemie MeSH
- termodynamika MeSH
- vodíková vazba MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The bioavailability of metals can be influenced not only by soil properties but also by other species living at polluted sites. However, in laboratory experiments, usually only one test species is used to estimate bioavailability. In this study, a two-species approach was applied to assess the impact of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus on the bioavailability of cadmium and lead to the springtail Folsomia candida using natural soils from a gradient of metal pollution. Earthworms were kept in half of the soil replicates for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the uptake and elimination kinetics of cadmium and lead in F. candida exposed for 21 days to the soils was determined. Earthworm activity affected soil properties but did not significantly affect metal uptake rate constants in springtails. The slightly higher uptake due to the presence of earthworms, which was consistent in all tested soils and for both metals, suggests that further research is needed on the role of species interactions in affecting metal bioavailability in soil.
- MeSH
- ampicilin analogy a deriváty chemie MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- členovci chemie účinky léků MeSH
- kadmium chemie farmakologie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- Oligochaeta účinky léků MeSH
- olovo chemie farmakologie MeSH
- půda MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Characterisation of geochemical transformations and processes in soils with special focus on the rhizosphere is crucial for assessing metal(loid) bioavailability to plants during in situ immobilisation and phytostabilisation. In this study, the effects of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) were investigated in terms of the immobilisation of As, Zn, Pb and Cd in two soil types and their potential uptake by plants using rhizobox experiments. Such system allowed monitoring the behaviour of trace elements in rooted and bulk soil compartments separately. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were tested for As-rich (15.9 g As kg-1) and Zn-rich (4.1 g Zn kg-1) soil samples, respectively. The application of nZVI effectively lowered the uptake of all target risk elements into plant tissues. Efficient immobilisation of As was determined in the As-soil without a significant difference between plant and bulk soil compartments. Similarly, a significant decrease was determined for CaCl2-available fractions of Zn, Pb and Cd in nZVI-treated Zn-soil. The behaviour of As corresponded to changes in Eh, while Zn and Cd showed to be mainly pH-dependent. However, despite the observed stabilisation effect of nZVI, high amounts of As and Zn still remained available for plants. Furthermore, the accumulation of the target risk elements in roots and the overall effect of nZVI transformations in the rhizosphere were verified and visualised by SEM/EDS. The following immobilising mechanisms were suggested: (i) sorption onto both existing and newly formed Fe (hydr)oxides, (ii) formation of secondary Fe-As phases, and (iii) sorption onto Mn (hydr)oxides.
- MeSH
- arsen analýza chemie MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- Helianthus účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- jílek účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium analýza chemie MeSH
- kořeny rostlin chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza chemie MeSH
- olovo analýza chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí * MeSH
- rhizosféra * MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza chemie MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza chemie MeSH
- železo farmakologie MeSH
- zinek analýza chemie MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Yeasts Cryptococcus humicola accumulated cadmium, cobalt, and iron (~ 50, 17, and 4% of the content in the medium, respectively) from the medium containing glucose, phosphate, and 2 mmol/L of metal salts. The effects of metal absorption on the levels of orthophosphate (Pi) and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) varied for the metals under study. The levels of Pi and polyP increased in the case of cadmium and cobalt, respectively. In the case of iron, no changes in the levels of Pi and polyP were observed. Multiple DAPI-stained polyP inclusions were observed in the cytoplasm of cadmium-containing cells. The intensity of DAPI staining of the cell wall especially increased in case of cobalt and iron accumulation.
- MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- Cryptococcus metabolismus MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium chemie metabolismus farmakokinetika MeSH
- kobalt chemie metabolismus farmakokinetika MeSH
- polyfosfáty chemie metabolismus farmakokinetika MeSH
- sorpční detoxikace MeSH
- železo chemie metabolismus farmakokinetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Artificial soil (AS) is used in soil ecotoxicology as a test medium or reference matrix. AS is prepared according to standard OECD/ISO protocols and components of local sources are usually used by laboratories. This may result in significant inter-laboratory variations in AS properties and, consequently, in the fate and bioavailability of tested chemicals. In order to reveal the extent and sources of variations, the batch equilibrium method was applied to measure the sorption of 2 model compounds (phenanthrene and cadmium) to 21 artificial soils from different laboratories. The distribution coefficients (Kd) of phenanthrene and cadmium varied over one order of magnitude: from 5.3 to 61.5L/kg for phenanthrene and from 17.9 to 190L/kg for cadmium. Variations in phenanthrene sorption could not be reliably explained by measured soil properties; not even by the total organic carbon (TOC) content which was expected. Cadmium logKd values significantly correlated with cation exchange capacity (CEC), pHH2O and pHKCl, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.62, 0.80, and 0.79, respectively. CEC and pHH2O together were able to explain 72% of cadmium logKd variability in the following model: logKd=0.29pHH2O+0.0032 CEC -0.53. Similarly, 66% of cadmium logKd variability could be explained by CEC and pHKCl in the model: logKd=0.27pHKCl+0.0028 CEC -0.23. Variable cadmium sorption in differing ASs could be partially treated with these models. However, considering the unpredictable variability of phenanthrene sorption, a more reliable solution for reducing the variability of ASs from different laboratories would be better harmonization of AS preparation and composition.
Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is currently investigated as a stabilising amendment for contaminated soils. The effect of pH (4-8) and time (48 and 192 h) on the behaviour of nZVI-treated Pb-Zn and As-contaminated soil samples was assessed. Additionally, soil leachates were subsequently used to study the direct interaction between soil solution components and nZVI particles in terms of mineralogical changes and contaminant retention. A typical U-shaped leaching trend as a function of pH was observed for Cd, Pb and Zn, while As was released predominantly under alkaline conditions. Oxidising conditions prevailed, so pH was the key controlling parameter rather than redox conditions. Generally, longer contact time resulted in increased soluble concentrations of metal(loid)s. However, the stabilisation effect of nZVI was only observed after the direct soil leachate-nZVI interactions, showing enhanced redox and sorption processes for the studied metals. A significant decrease of dissolved As concentrations was observed for both experimental soils, but with different efficiencies depending on neutralisation capacity, organic matter content or solid fractionation of As related to the origin of the soils. Scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O) was predicted as a potential solubility-controlling mineral phase for As. Sorption of metal(loid)s onto secondary Fe- and Al-(oxyhydr)oxides (predicted to precipitate at pH > 5) represents an important scavenger mechanism. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy confirmed the retention of Zn and Pb under near-neutral and alkaline conditions by newly formed Fe oxides or aluminosilicates. This study shows that the efficiency of nZVI application strongly depends not only on soil pH-Eh conditions and contaminant type, but also on the presence of organic matter and other compounds such as Al/Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides and clay minerals.
- MeSH
- arsen analýza chemie MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- kadmium analýza chemie MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu chemie MeSH
- minerály chemie MeSH
- nanostruktury chemie MeSH
- olovo analýza chemie MeSH
- oxid hlinitý chemie MeSH
- oxidy chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí MeSH
- silikáty hliníku MeSH
- sloučeniny manganu chemie MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza chemie MeSH
- železo chemie MeSH
- zinek analýza chemie MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
This paper discusses Cd(II) and Pb(II) sorption efficiency of biochars modified by impregnation with magnetic particles. All selected biochar characteristics were significantly affected after the modification. More specifically, the cation exchange capacity increased after the modification, except for grape stalk biochar. However, the changes in the pH value, PZC, and BET surface after modification process were less pronounced. The metal loading rate was also significantly improved, especially for Cd(II) sorption on/in nut shield and plum stone biochars (10- and 16-times increase, respectively). The results indicated that cation exchange (as a metal sorption mechanism) was strengthened after Fe oxide impregnation, which limited the desorbed amount of tested metals. In contrast, the magnetization of grape stalk biochar reduced Pb(II) sorption in comparison with that of pristine biochar. Magnetic modification is, therefore, more efficient for biochars with well-developed structure and for more mobile metals, such as Cd(II).
Olive oil production is one of the most relevant agroindustrial activities in the Mediterranean region and generates a huge amount of both solid and semi-solid wastes, the uncontrolled disposal of which might lead to serious environmental problems. Due to its organic matter and mineral nutrient content, the waste material can be applied to agricultural soil as a fertilizer. However, due to its high organic matter content, dry olive residue (DOR), commonly called "alperujo," has the potential to immobilize risk elements in contaminated soils. The main objective of this study was to assess the possible effect of DOR on sorption of risk elements such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the soil. A set of batch sorption experiments were carried out to assess the ability of DOR to adsorb Cd, Pb, and Zn where the effect of the preceding biotransformation of DOR by four species of fungi: Penicillium chrysogenum, Coriolopsis floccosa, Bjerkhandera adusta, and Chondrostereum purpureum was compared. The Freundlich and Langmuir sorption isotherms were calculated to assess the sorption characteristics of both transformed and non-transformed DOR. The results showed good potential sorption capacity of DOR, especially for Pb and to a lesser extent for Cd and Zn. Better sorption characteristics were reported for the biotransformed DOR samples, which are expected to show higher humification of the organic matter. However, the desorption experiments showed weakness and instability of the DOR-bound elements, especially in the case of Zn. Thus, future research should aim to verify the DOR sorption pattern in contaminated soil as well as the potential stabilization of the DOR element bounds where the increase of the pH levels of the DOR samples needs to be taken into account.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- biotransformace MeSH
- houby metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium chemie metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu chemie metabolismus MeSH
- odpadní produkty analýza MeSH
- Olea chemie metabolismus MeSH
- olovo chemie metabolismus MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- zinek chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Středomoří MeSH
In the present study, the content of risk elements and content of free amino acids were studied in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.) subsequently grown on uncontaminated and contaminated soils (5 mg Cd/kg, 1000 mg Pb/kg and 400 mg Zn/kg) with the addition of activated carbon (from coconut shells) or biochar (derived from local wood residues planted for phytoextaction) in different seasons (spring, summer and autumn). The results showed that activated carbon and biochar increased biomass production on contaminated site. Application of amendments decreased Cd and Zn uptake by spinach plants. Mustard significantly increased Pb accumulation in the biomass as well in subsequently grown autumn spinach. Glutamic acid and glutamine were major free amino acids in leaves of all plants (15-34% and 3-45%) from total content. Application of activated carbon and biochar increased content of glutamic acid in all plants on uncontaminated and contaminated soils. Activated carbon and biochar treatments also induced an increase of aspartic acid in spinach plants. Biochar produced from biomass originated from phytoextraction technologies promoted higher spinach biomass yield comparing unamended control and showed a tendency to reduce accumulation of cadmium and zinc and thus it is promising soil amendment.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
- hořčice rodu Brassica metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium chemie metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- olovo analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Spinacia oleracea metabolismus MeSH
- těžké kovy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- zinek analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
