Characterisation of geochemical transformations and processes in soils with special focus on the rhizosphere is crucial for assessing metal(loid) bioavailability to plants during in situ immobilisation and phytostabilisation. In this study, the effects of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) were investigated in terms of the immobilisation of As, Zn, Pb and Cd in two soil types and their potential uptake by plants using rhizobox experiments. Such system allowed monitoring the behaviour of trace elements in rooted and bulk soil compartments separately. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were tested for As-rich (15.9 g As kg-1) and Zn-rich (4.1 g Zn kg-1) soil samples, respectively. The application of nZVI effectively lowered the uptake of all target risk elements into plant tissues. Efficient immobilisation of As was determined in the As-soil without a significant difference between plant and bulk soil compartments. Similarly, a significant decrease was determined for CaCl2-available fractions of Zn, Pb and Cd in nZVI-treated Zn-soil. The behaviour of As corresponded to changes in Eh, while Zn and Cd showed to be mainly pH-dependent. However, despite the observed stabilisation effect of nZVI, high amounts of As and Zn still remained available for plants. Furthermore, the accumulation of the target risk elements in roots and the overall effect of nZVI transformations in the rhizosphere were verified and visualised by SEM/EDS. The following immobilising mechanisms were suggested: (i) sorption onto both existing and newly formed Fe (hydr)oxides, (ii) formation of secondary Fe-As phases, and (iii) sorption onto Mn (hydr)oxides.
- MeSH
- arsen analýza chemie MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- Helianthus účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- jílek účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium analýza chemie MeSH
- kořeny rostlin chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza chemie MeSH
- olovo analýza chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí * MeSH
- rhizosféra * MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza chemie MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza chemie MeSH
- železo farmakologie MeSH
- zinek analýza chemie MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Several efficient stabilizing amendments have been recently proposed for the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated soils. However, information on their interactions with plants, which is a crucial factor in soil environments, are still scarce. An amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) synthesized from organic compounds and nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) have been previously tested as promising stabilizing agents usable both for the stabilization of metals and As. Experiments with rhizoboxes were performed in order to evaluate their influence on the mobility of metal(loid)s in the bulk soil and rhizosphere of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) together with their impact on metal uptake and biomass yield. Generally, AMO proved more efficient than nZVI in all stages of experiment. Furthermore, the AMO effectively reduced water- and 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable fractions of Cd, Pb and Zn. The decreased bioavailability of contaminating metal(loid)s resulted in significant increase of microbial activity in AMO-amended soil. Together with metal(loid) extractability, the AMO was also able to significantly reduce the uptake of metals and ameliorate plant growth, especially in the case of Zn, since this metal was taken up in excessive amounts from the control soil causing strong phytotoxicity and even death of young seedlings. On the other hand, AMO application lead to significant release of Mn that was readily taken up by plants. Resulting Mn concentrations in biomass exceeded toxicity thresholds while plants were showing emergent Mn phytotoxicity symptoms. We highlight the need of such complex studies involving plants and soil biota when evaluating the efficiency of stabilizing amendments in contaminated soils.
- MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- Helianthus * růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- oxidy chemická syntéza farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- půda MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- sloučeniny manganu chemická syntéza farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- železo chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The application of nanomaterials in commercially available products is increasing rapidly for agriculture, phytoremediation and biotechnology. Since plants suppose the first sink for the accumulation of nanoparticles from the environment, emerging studies have focused on the general consequences for plants and their effects on the biomass production. However, effects on the root surface, as well as blockage of nutrients and water uptake by the roots, may also occur. This experiment was designed to prove if the plant water relations can be affected by the adsorption of nanoparticles on the root surface, causing a consequent stress for the plants. With this goal, plants of Helianthus annuus were previously grown in a hydroponic culture, and at age of 55 days, their roots were exposed to three different concentrations of nanomaghemite (NM) in the hydroponic solution for 5 days: control without NM; 50 and 100 mg l(-1) NM. The main effect was related to the reduction of the root hydraulic conductivity (Lo) and the nutrients uptake. The concentrations of the macronutrients Ca, K, Mg and S in the shoot were reduced relative to the control plants, which resulted in lower contents of chlorophyll pigments. Although stress was not detected in the plants, after the analysis of stress markers like the accumulation of proline or ascorbate in the tissues, reduction of the root functionality by nanoparticles has been identified here, manifested as the effect of NM on Lo. The treatment with 50 mg l(-1) NM significantly reduced the Lo, by up to 57% of its control value, and it was reduced by up to 26% at 100 mg l(-1) NM. These results will be an important factor to take into account with regard to the applicability of NM for long-term use in crops, particularly during privative water conditions.
- MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- chlorofyl metabolismus MeSH
- Helianthus účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- nanočástice toxicita MeSH
- prolin metabolismus MeSH
- voda metabolismus MeSH
- železité sloučeniny farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine is considered as an indicator of sewage water pollution: however, its uptake by plants and effect on metabolism have not been sufficiently documented, let alone its metabolite (10,11-epoxycarbamazepine). In a model system of sterile, hydroponically cultivated Zea mays (as C4 plant) and Helianthus annuus (as C3 plant), the uptake and effect of carbamazepine and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine were studied in comparison with those of acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen were effectively extracted from drug-supplemented media by both plants, while the uptake of more hydrophobic carbamazepine was much lower. On the other hand, the carbamazepine metabolite, 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine, was, unlike sunflower, willingly taken up by maize plants (after 96 h 88 % of the initial concentration) and effectively stored in maize tissues. In addition, the effect of the studied pharmaceuticals on the plant metabolism (enzymes of Hatch-Slack cycle, peroxidases) was followed. The activity of bound peroxidases, which could cause xylem vessel lignification and reduction of xenobiotic uptake, was at the level of control plants in maize leaves contrary to sunflower. Therefore, our results indicate that maize has the potential to remove 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine from contaminated soils.
- MeSH
- antikonvulziva analýza metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- Helianthus účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- hydroponie MeSH
- karbamazepin analogy a deriváty analýza metabolismus MeSH
- kukuřice setá účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- vepřové sádlo - nejstabilnější, řepkový olej, oxidační produkty, polymerační produkty,
- MeSH
- Brassica napus * chemie metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chromatografie * metody využití MeSH
- Helianthus * chemie metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kvalita jídla * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nenasycené mastné kyseliny * MeSH
- oleje rostlin * analýza chemie metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- oxidace-redukce * MeSH
- refraktometrie * metody normy využití MeSH
- slunečnicový olej MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- tokoferoly * analýza metabolismus MeSH
- triglyceridy * analýza chemie metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- tuky * analýza chemie metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- vysoká teplota * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
