We studied thallium (Tl) isotope fractionation in white mustard grown hydroponically at different Tl doses. Thallium isotope signatures in plants indicated preferential incorporation of the light 203Tl isotope during Tl uptake from the nutrient solution. Negative isotope fractionation was even more pronounced in dependence on how much the available Tl pool decreased. This finding corresponds to the concept of isotope overprinting related to a high contamination level in the growing media (solution or soil). Regarding Tl translocation in plants, we observed a large Tl isotope shift with an enrichment in the heavy 205Tl isotope in the shoots relative to the roots in treatments with low/moderate solution Tl concentrations (0.01/0.05 mg Tl/L), with the corresponding α205/203Tl fractionation factors of ˜1.007 and 1.003, respectively. This finding is probably a consequence of specific (plant) reactions of Tl replacing K in its cycle. The formation of the S-coordinated Tl(I) complexes, potentially affecting both Tl accumulation and Tl isotope fractionation in plants, however, was not proven in our plants, since we did not have indication for that on the basis of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, suggesting that Tl was mainly present as free/hydrated Tl+ ion or chemically bound to O-containing functional groups.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- Brassica metabolismus MeSH
- hořčice rodu Brassica metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- kovy metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- radioaktivní znečišťující látky MeSH
- radioizotopy thallia chemie metabolismus MeSH
- stonky rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- thallium chemie metabolismus MeSH
- výhonky rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of trace element immobilizing soil amendments, i.e., chalcedonite, dolomite, halloysite, and diatomite on the chemical characteristics of soil contaminated with Cr and the uptake of metals by plants. The study utilized analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA). The content of trace elements in plants, pseudo-total and extracted by 0.01 M CaCl₂, were determined using the method of spectrophotometry. All of the investigated element contents in the tested parts of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) differed significantly in the case of applying amendments to the soil, as well as Cr contamination. The greatest average above-ground biomass was observed when halloysite and dolomite were amended to the soil. Halloysite caused significant increases of Cr concentrations in the roots. The obtained values of bioconcentration and translocation factors observed for halloysite treatment indicate the effectiveness of using Indian mustard in phytostabilization techniques. The addition of diatomite significantly increased soil pH. Halloysite and chalcedonite were shown to be the most effective and decreased the average Cr, Cu and Zn contents in soil.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- hořčice rodu Brassica metabolismus MeSH
- hořčík chemie MeSH
- jíl MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- kovy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu chemie metabolismus MeSH
- oxid křemičitý chemie MeSH
- průmysl MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- silikáty hliníku chemie MeSH
- uhličitan vápenatý chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Fytoterapie má nezastupitelnou roli v léčbě diabetes mellitus (DM) především pro svůj adjuvantní účinek, který může vést ke snížení spotřeby klasických farmak a oddálit nástup pozdních komplikací diabetu. Na trhu je dostupné velké množství fytoterapeutik, která jsou registrována jako léčiva nebo potravní doplňky. Cílem této práce je představit přehled vybraných rostlinných drog s prokázaným podpůrným terapeutickým účinkem se zaměřením na preklinické i klinické studie.
Phytotherapy has an irreplaceable role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), mainly because of its adjuvant effect, which can lead to a decrease in the consumption of classic drugs and delay the onset of late complications of diabetes. A large number of phytotherapeutics are available on the market and they are registered as pharmaceuticals or food supplements. The aim of this work is to present an overview of selected herbal drugs with proven supportive therapeutic effect, focusing on preclinical and clinical studies.
- Klíčová slova
- Coccinia grandis,
- MeSH
- Annona MeSH
- čajovník čínský MeSH
- Citrullus colocynthis MeSH
- Cucurbitaceae MeSH
- diabetes mellitus * farmakoterapie MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- hořčice rodu Brassica MeSH
- hypoglykemika * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- skořicovník MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is usually followed by gene loss and karyotype repatterning. Despite evidence of new adaptive traits associated with WGD, the underpinnings and evolutionary significance of such genome fractionation remain elusive. Here, we use Buckler mustard (Biscutella laevigata) to infer processes that have driven the retention of duplicated genes after recurrent WGDs. In addition to the β- and α-WGD events shared by all Brassicaceae, cytogenetic and transcriptome analyses revealed two younger WGD events that occurred at times of environmental changes in the clade of Buckler mustard (Biscutelleae): a mesopolyploidy event from the late Miocene that was followed by considerable karyotype reshuffling and chromosome number reduction and a neopolyploidy event during the Pleistocene. Although a considerable number of the older duplicates presented signatures of retention under positive selection, the majority of retained duplicates arising from the younger mesopolyploidy WGD event matched predictions of the gene balance hypothesis and showed evidence of strong purifying selection as well as enrichment in gene categories responding to abiotic stressors. Retention of large stretches of chromosomes for both genomic copies supported the hypothesis that cycles of WGD and biased fractionation shaped the genome of this stress-tolerant polypolyloid, promoting the adaptive recruitment of stress-responding genes in the face of environmental challenges.
- MeSH
- duplikace genu * MeSH
- fluorescence MeSH
- fyziologický stres genetika MeSH
- genová ontologie MeSH
- hořčice rodu Brassica genetika MeSH
- karyotyp * MeSH
- modely genetické MeSH
- rostlinné geny * MeSH
- selekce (genetika) MeSH
- transkriptom genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In the present study, the content of risk elements and content of free amino acids were studied in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.) subsequently grown on uncontaminated and contaminated soils (5 mg Cd/kg, 1000 mg Pb/kg and 400 mg Zn/kg) with the addition of activated carbon (from coconut shells) or biochar (derived from local wood residues planted for phytoextaction) in different seasons (spring, summer and autumn). The results showed that activated carbon and biochar increased biomass production on contaminated site. Application of amendments decreased Cd and Zn uptake by spinach plants. Mustard significantly increased Pb accumulation in the biomass as well in subsequently grown autumn spinach. Glutamic acid and glutamine were major free amino acids in leaves of all plants (15-34% and 3-45%) from total content. Application of activated carbon and biochar increased content of glutamic acid in all plants on uncontaminated and contaminated soils. Activated carbon and biochar treatments also induced an increase of aspartic acid in spinach plants. Biochar produced from biomass originated from phytoextraction technologies promoted higher spinach biomass yield comparing unamended control and showed a tendency to reduce accumulation of cadmium and zinc and thus it is promising soil amendment.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
- hořčice rodu Brassica metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium chemie metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- olovo analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Spinacia oleracea metabolismus MeSH
- těžké kovy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- zinek analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- analýza potravin MeSH
- hořčice rodu Brassica * MeSH
- kontrola potravin * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- řízení kvality MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- Brassica napus MeSH
- Helianthus MeSH
- hořčice rodu Brassica MeSH
- len MeSH
- oleje MeSH
- Papaveraceae MeSH
- potravinářský průmysl MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
An interlaboratory study in 12 laboratories was performed to prove the validation of the ELISA method developed for the quantitative determination of mustard protein in foods. The ELISA kit used for this study is based on rabbit polyclonal antibody. This kit did not produce any false-positive results or cross-reactivity with in-house validation for a broad range of food matrixes with no detectable mustard protein. All participants obtained the Mustard ELISA kit with standard operational procedures, a list of samples, samples, and a protocol for recording test results. The study included 15 food samples and two spiked samples. Seven food matrix samples of zero mustard content and four samples with mustard declared as an ingredient showed mustard protein content lower than that of the first standard (0.42 mg/kg). Four samples with mustard declared as an ingredient revealed mustard protein content above 12.5 mg/kg (the highest standard). The statistical tests (Cochran, Dixon, and Mandel) and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the interlaboratory study results. Repeatability and reproducibility limits, as well as an LOQ (1.8 mg mustard proteins/kg) and LOD (0.5 mg mustard proteins/kg), for the kit were calculated.
218 s. : il. ; 21 cm
- MeSH
- hořčice rodu Brassica dějiny metabolismus MeSH
- jídelníček MeSH
- vaření MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kuchařské knihy MeSH
- příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Kuchařství. Potraviny. Vařená jídla
- NLK Obory
- zájmy a záliby
