Due to the presence of toxic pollutants, soils in former military areas need remedial actions with environmentally friendly methods. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the aided phytostabilization of multi-heavy metals (HMs), i.e. Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, in post-military soil by Festuca rubra and three mineral amendments (diatomite, dolomite and halloysite). The amendments were applied at 0 and 3.0% to each pot filled with 5 kg of polluted soil. After seven weeks of the phytostabilization, selected soil properties, biomass yield of F. rubra and immobilization of HMs by their accumulation in plant and redistribution among individual fractions in soil were determined. In addition, ecotoxicology parameters of non-amended and amended soil were established using Phytotoxkit (Sinapsis alba) and Ostracodtoxkit (Heterocypris incongruens) tests. The addition of halloysite significantly increased F. rubra biomass. Diatomite significantly increased both the Cd, Cu, Pb and Cr concentrations in the roots and the pH of the soil. The application of halloysite significantly decreased the Cd and Zn contents of the soil after the completion of the experiment. Dolomite and halloysite were more effective in HM immobilization in soil by decreasing their content in an exchangeable fraction than diatomite. These soil amendments significantly differentiated the length of S. alba roots and had a positive effect on the development of H. incongruens.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- Festuca chemie růst a vývoj MeSH
- hořčík chemie MeSH
- jíl chemie MeSH
- kořeny rostlin růst a vývoj MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza MeSH
- uhličitan vápenatý chemie MeSH
- vojenská zařízení * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
To employ dual advantages of emulsion and gel, a facile approach was investigated to fabricate core/shells structured hydrogel beads based on sodium alginate (SA) via Pickering emulsion template and in situ gelation. The encapsulation and controlled release behavior were further studied using lysozyme (Ly) as the model protein. The optical micrographs and SEM images indicated the SA beads could well disperse with the size about 150 μm. CaCO3 microparticles were strong adhesive onto SA gel. It showed that 96.51 ± 0.62% Ly was loaded into the hydrogel beads. The released behavior of Ly could be regulated by external pH condition, and displayed highest release rate at pH 5.0. Whereas the lowest release rate was recorded at pH 7.0. The released behavior well followed the Hixcon-Crowell model which indicated that the release mechanism of Ly followed the corrosion diffusion law. The worth-while endeavor provide an artful and facile approach using Pickering emulsion template and in situ gelation to fabricate core/shells structured SA beads with high load capacity and controlled regulation of the entrapped functional component.
- MeSH
- algináty chemie MeSH
- difuze MeSH
- emulze MeSH
- hydrogely chemie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem * MeSH
- muramidasa chemie MeSH
- příprava léků metody MeSH
- roztoky MeSH
- uhličitan vápenatý chemie MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- změna skupenství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of trace element immobilizing soil amendments, i.e., chalcedonite, dolomite, halloysite, and diatomite on the chemical characteristics of soil contaminated with Cr and the uptake of metals by plants. The study utilized analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA). The content of trace elements in plants, pseudo-total and extracted by 0.01 M CaCl₂, were determined using the method of spectrophotometry. All of the investigated element contents in the tested parts of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) differed significantly in the case of applying amendments to the soil, as well as Cr contamination. The greatest average above-ground biomass was observed when halloysite and dolomite were amended to the soil. Halloysite caused significant increases of Cr concentrations in the roots. The obtained values of bioconcentration and translocation factors observed for halloysite treatment indicate the effectiveness of using Indian mustard in phytostabilization techniques. The addition of diatomite significantly increased soil pH. Halloysite and chalcedonite were shown to be the most effective and decreased the average Cr, Cu and Zn contents in soil.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- hořčice rodu Brassica metabolismus MeSH
- hořčík chemie MeSH
- jíl MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- kovy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu chemie metabolismus MeSH
- oxid křemičitý chemie MeSH
- průmysl MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- silikáty hliníku chemie MeSH
- uhličitan vápenatý chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Terrestrial isopods moult first the posterior and then the anterior half of the body, allowing for storage and recycling of CaCO3. We used synchrotron-radiation microtomography to estimate mineral content within skeletal segments in sequential moulting stages of Porcellio scaber. The results suggest that all examined cuticular segments contribute to storage and recycling, however, to varying extents. The mineral within the hepatopancreas after moult suggests an uptake of mineral from the ingested exuviae. The total maximum loss of mineral was 46% for the anterior and 43% for the posterior cuticle. The time course of resorption of mineral and mineralisation of the new cuticle suggests storage and recycling of mineral in the posterior and anterior cuticle. The mineral in the anterior pereiopods decreases by 25% only. P. scaber has long legs and can run fast; therefore, a less mineralised and thus lightweight cuticle in pereiopods likely serves to lower energy consumption during escape behaviour. Differential demineralisation occurs in the head cuticle, in which the cornea of the complex eyes remains completely mineralised. The partes incisivae of the mandibles are mineralised before the old cuticle is demineralised and shed. Probably, this enables the animal to ingest the old exuviae after each half moult.
- MeSH
- fyziologická kalcifikace MeSH
- hepatopankreas fyziologie MeSH
- hlava fyziologie MeSH
- hmyzí proteiny fyziologie MeSH
- Isopoda fyziologie MeSH
- minerály chemie MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
- rentgenová mikrotomografie MeSH
- rohovka fyziologie MeSH
- shazování tělního pokryvu MeSH
- synchrotrony MeSH
- uhličitan vápenatý chemie MeSH
- ústa fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- algináty chemie MeSH
- analgetika * farmakokinetika metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- antipyretika * farmakokinetika metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- biologická dostupnost * MeSH
- cestování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paracetamol farmakokinetika metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- uhličitan vápenatý chemie MeSH
- zdravotnické prostředky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- plži ultrastruktura MeSH
- pružnost MeSH
- skořápky zvířat chemie ultrastruktura MeSH
- testování materiálů * MeSH
- tvrdost MeSH
- uhličitan vápenatý chemie MeSH
- uhličitany chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The study deals with the environmental stability of Tl-modified phases (ferrihydrite, goethite, birnessite, calcite and illite) and phytoavailability of Tl in synthetically prepared soils used in a model vegetation experiment. The data presented here clearly demonstrate a strong relationship between the mineralogical position of Tl in the model soil and its uptake by the plant (Sinapis alba L.). The maximum rate of Tl uptake was observed for plants grown on soil containing Tl-modified illite. In contrast, soil enriched in Ksat-birnessite had the lowest potential for Tl release and phytoaccumulation. Root-induced dissolution of synthetic calcite and ferrihydrite in the rhizosphere followed by Tl mobilization was detected. Highly crystalline goethite was more stable in the rhizosphere, compared to ferrihydrite, leading to reduced biological uptake of Tl. Based on the results obtained, the mineralogical aspect must be taken into account prior to general environmental recommendations in areas affected by Tl.
- MeSH
- hořčice rodu Sinapis účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu chemie MeSH
- minerály chemie MeSH
- půda * MeSH
- rhizosféra MeSH
- thallium chemie MeSH
- uhličitan vápenatý chemie MeSH
- železité sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The dose from radon and its progeny remains a frequently discussed problem. ICRP 65 provides a commonly used methodology to calculate the dose from radon. Our work focuses on a cave environment and on assessing the doses in public open caves. The differences in conditions (aerosol size distribution, humidity, radon and its progeny ratio, etc.) are described by the so-called cave factor j. The cave factor is used to correct the dose for workers which is calculated using the ICRP 65 recommendation. In this work, the authors have brought together measured data of aerosol size distribution, unattached and attached fraction activity, and have calculated the so-called cave factor for the Bozkov dolomite cave environment. The dose conversion factors based on measured data and used for evaluating the cave factor were calculated by LUDEP software, which implements HRTM ICRP66.
- MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epidemiologické studie MeSH
- kyselina citronová * MeSH
- kyselina octová * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nápoje * analýza MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy ústrojí trávicího * MeSH
- uhličitan vápenatý * chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
