Autoři v článku prezentují epidemiologii, rizikové faktory přispívající ke vzniku urolitiáz, věnují se dále laboratornímu vyšetření u litiatiků, včetně problematiky analýzy složení konkrementů a jeho významu. Hlavním cílem článku je předložení metod neinvazivní léčby jednotlivých typů litiázy, především metafylaxe u pacientů s litiázou, a to jak režimových opatřeních, tak i užití farmak, které přispívají ke snížení četností recidiv litiázy, ale i komplikacím, které jsou s tímto onemocněním spojené.

The authors present the epidemiology, risk factors contributing to the development of urolithiasis, laboratory examination in lithiatic patients, including the analysis of the composition of concrements and its significance. The main goal of the article is to present the methods of non-invasive treatment of different types of lithiasis, especially metaphylaxis in patients with lithiasis, both regimen measures and the use of drugs that contribute to reducing the frequency of recurrences of lithiasis, as well as complications associated with this disease

• MeSH
• alopurinol farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• analýza moči metody   MeSH
• cystinurie farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• difrakce rentgenového záření metody   MeSH
• diuretika farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hydroxyapatit terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hyperkalciurie farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• hyperoxalurie farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• hyperurikemie farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• infekce močového ústrojí etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• kaliumcitrát farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kaménky etiologie   klasifikace   terapie   MeSH
• klinické laboratorní techniky metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxaláty škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• urolitiáza * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• vápník dietní terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Changes in the protonation state of lyophilized proteins can impact structural integrity, chemical stability, and propensity to aggregate upon reconstitution. When a buffer is chosen, the freezing/drying process may result in dramatic changes in the protonation state of the protein due to ionization shift of the buffer. In order to determine whether protonation shifts are occurring, ionizable probes can be added to the formulation. Optical probes (dyes) have shown dramatic ionization changes in lyophilized products, but it is unclear whether the pH indicator is uniform throughout the matrix and whether the change in the pH indicator actually mirrors drug ionization changes. In solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy, the chemical shift of the carbonyl carbon in carboxylic acids is very sensitive to the ionization state of the acid. Therefore, SSNMR can be used to measure ionization changes in a lyophilized matrix by employing a small quantity of an isotopically-labeled carboxylic acid species in the formulation. This paper compares the apparent pH of six trehalose-containing lyophilized buffer systems using SSNMR and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UVDRS). Both SSNMR and UVDRS results using two different ionization probes (butyric acid and bromocresol purple, respectively) showed little change in apparent acidity compared to the pre-lyophilized solution in a sodium citrate buffer, but a greater change was observed in potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, and histidine buffers. While the trends between the two methods were similar, there were differences in the numerical values of equivalent pH (pHeq) observed between the two methods. The potential causes contributing to the differences are discussed.

• MeSH
• fosfáty * chemie   MeSH
• histidin * chemie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kyselina citronová chemie   MeSH
• lyofilizace * metody   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * metody   MeSH
• pufry MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová metody   MeSH
• trehalosa * chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

We explored the potential of a fungal strain Aspergillus costaricensis KS1 for modulating growth and nutrient mobilization in rice. At laboratory conditions, there was a decline in pH of the medium on inoculation with the strain and the production of citric acid was observed under broth conditions. Similarly, there was higher solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and siderophore production in liquid medium on inoculation with the strain. The effect of inoculation of KS1 was studied in rice and higher growth and yield were observed on inoculation compared to control. The content of phosphorus and iron in stem and roots of KS1 inoculated plants was higher in comparison with uninoculated control. There was also increased availability of phosphorus and iron content in soil grown with KS1 inoculated plants. In addition, inoculation with strain resulted in a higher content of volatile organic compounds such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and ethyl isoallocholate in stem of rice. A. costaricensis KS1 can be used for improving phosphorus and iron nutrition and impart tolerance against stresses in rice.

• MeSH
• Aspergillus * metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fosfor * metabolismus   analýza   MeSH
• fosforečnany vápenaté metabolismus   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina citronová metabolismus   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• rýže (rod) * mikrobiologie   metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• siderofory * metabolismus   MeSH
• stonky rostlin mikrobiologie   metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• těkavé organické sloučeniny * metabolismus   analýza   MeSH
• železo * metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Průmyslové kultivace jsou klíčovým zdroje mnoha produktů. Každá kultivace má své vlastní produkční kmeny, podmínky a apara‐ tury. Nejčastěji používané jsou mechanicky míchané bioreaktory, díky jejich efektivní homogenizaci a všestrannosti. Přesto nejsou kompletně kompatibilní s organismy citlivými na střižné síly. Pro kultivaci takových organismů je vhodnější probublávaná kolona. Obecné porovnání probublávané kolony s míchaným bioreaktorem je náročné, jelikož je každá kultivace specifická. Probublávané kolony jsou jednoduché a snadno konstruovatelné bioreaktory, které vyžadují menší počáteční kapitál v porovnání s mechanicky míchaným bioreaktorem. Probublávané kolony nemají vnitřní komponenty a složité mechanické části a jsou proto méně náročné na údržbu. Nicméně, nejsou tak všestranné jako míchané bioreaktory a jsou mnohem více účelově používané. Přesto jsou v dnešním průmyslu nenahraditelné, především při velkoobjemových kultivacích mechanicky citlivých buněk, jako produkce kyseliny citrónové nebo antibiotik. Přímé porovnání probublávané kolony s mechanicky míchaným bioreaktorem je složité. Existují studie zaměřené na porovnání těch‐ to bioreaktorů při specifických kultivacích. Volba mezi těmito bioreaktory přesto závisí na dané aplikaci, buněčné linii a ekonomice celého procesu.

Industrial cultivations are a key source of many products. Each cultivation requires a specific producing organism, conditions and apparatus. Stirred tanks are most commonly used bioreactors, due to their efficient homogenization and versatility. However, they are not entirely suitable for cultivation of shear sensitive cells. Bubble columns are more suitable option for shear sensitive cells. Overall comparison of bubble columns and stirred tanks is complicated, since every cultivation is situational. Bubble columns are simple and easy to build bioreactors, which require a smaller starting investment compared to STRs. In the case of BCs without the internals, they required less maintenance due to lack of complex mechanical parts. However, BCs are not as ver‐ satile as STRs and are much more situational. Even though, they are unreplaceable part of today’s industry, especially in cultivations of shear sensitive cells in high volumes, like production of citric acid or antibiotics. Direct comparison of BC and STR is difficult. Some studies have conducted tests with specific cultivations on minds. Still, the final choice between these bioreactors depends on application, cell line used and final economics of the entire process.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemická syntéza   MeSH
• biopaliva MeSH
• bioreaktory * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kultivační techniky * metody   MeSH
• kyselina citronová chemická syntéza   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Recommendations on the optimal preservation of 24 h urine for the metabolic work-up in urolithiasis patients are very heterogeneous. In case two such tests with different storage condition recommendations are being analysed, multiple collections would be needed, challenging especially elderly and very young patients. We therefore aimed to evaluate the stability of urine constituents under different storage conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We collected urine samples from ten healthy volunteers and prepared aliquots to be stored either at room temperature or 4 °C. Some aliquots were preserved using hydrochloric acid prior to storage, some thereafter, some using the BD Urine preservation tube and some were not preserved at all. Storage duration was 0, 24, 48 or 72 h. In all samples calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, creatinine, oxalate, citrate and uric acid were measured and compared to the according reference sample. RESULTS: We could not find any significant deviation for any of the analytes and preanalytical treatment conditions compared to the associated reference sample. CONCLUSION: Preservation of 24 h urine for the metabolic evaluation in stone formers might not be necessary for sample storage up to 72 h.

• MeSH
• hořčík MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kyselina citronová MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• urolitiáza * diagnóza   moč   MeSH
• vápník MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: The effect of SAM vaginal gel, a medical device containing adsorptive silicon dioxide and antioxidative sodium selenite and citric acid, on histologically-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type 2 (CIN2) as well as p16 positive CIN1, and on the presence of the onco-marker p16 was investigated. METHODS: 216 women aged 25-60 years were randomized to either receive an intravaginal daily dose of SAM gel for three 28-day periods, or be followed-up without intervention. The primary endpoint was efficacy, defined as a combined histological and cytological regression. At baseline and after 3 months participants had: a guided biopsy including p16 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, only if a lesion was visible at colposcopy; a cervical smear for cytology, high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) and a p16/Ki-67 test. At 6 months a further cytology and p16/Ki-67 test was performed. RESULTS: Regression of CIN lesions was observed in 78 out of 108 patients (72.2%) in the SAM gel arm and in 27 out of 108 patients (25.0%) in the control arm. Similarly, the change in the p16/Ki-67 cytological test status was significantly in favor of the treatment arm. The prevalence of hr-HPV decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in the treatment arm, from 87.0% to 39.8%, while it slightly increased in the control arm, from 78.7% to 83.3%. At 6 months the cytological regression in the treatment group and the highly significant effect on p16/Ki-67 was still present. CONCLUSION: SAM vaginal gel enhances the regression of cervical lesions and clears hr-HPV and p16/Ki-67 in smears significantly, thus offering an active non-destructive management to prevent cervical cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN11009040, date of registration: 10/12/2019; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN11009040 ; retrospectively registered.

• MeSH
• antigen Ki-67 účinky léků   MeSH
• antioxidancia aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• aplikace intravaginální MeSH
• cytodiagnostika MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dysplazie děložního hrdla patologie   terapie   MeSH
• geny p16 MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem terapie   virologie   MeSH
• inhibitor p16 cyklin-dependentní kinasy účinky léků   MeSH
• kolposkopie MeSH
• kyselina citronová aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery analýza   MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• oxid křemičitý aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• seleničitan sodný aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vaginální krémy, pěny a želé * MeSH
• vaginální stěr MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

A sensitive and specific approach was developed for the determination of Haemophilus influenza using DNA based bio-assay. In this study, citrate capped silver nanoparticle was synthesized and employed for bioconjugation with pDNA toward target sequences detection. In this study, synthesized probe (SH-5'-AAT TTT CCA ACT TTT TCA CCT GCA T-3') of Haemophilus influenza was detected with great sensitivity and selectivity after hybridization with cDNA (5'-ATG CAG GTG AAA AAG TTG GAA AAT T-3'). Regarding to the obtained results, the low limit of quantification (LLOQ) of DNA sample was 1 ZM using 15 μL of probe and 200 μL of Cit/AgNPs. According to ultra-sensitivity of the fabricated optical DNA-based bio-assay, it has potential for bacterial determination both in clinical and environmental specimens. To evaluate the selectivity of developed DNA based biosensor, three mismatch sequences were applied. Finally, the designed genosensor is a significant diagnostic strategy for detection of Haemophilus influenza with great selectivity.

• MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• biotest MeSH
• DNA bakterií analýza   genetika   MeSH
• DNA sondy chemie   genetika   MeSH
• Haemophilus influenzae genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• kovové nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• kyselina citronová chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• stříbro chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Aims: Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β cells was expected to enhance mitochondrial superoxide formation. Hence, we elucidated relevant redox equilibria. Results: Unexpectedly, INS-1E cells at transitions from 3 (11 mM; pancreatic islets from 5 mM) to 25 mM glucose decreased matrix superoxide release rates (MitoSOX Red monitoring validated by MitoB) and H2O2 (mitoHyPer, subtracting mitoSypHer emission). Novel double-channel fluorescence lifetime imaging, approximating free mitochondrial matrix NADHF, indicated its ∼20% decrease. Matrix NAD+F increased on GSIS, indicated by the FAD-emission lifetime decrease, reflecting higher quenching of FAD by NAD+F. The participation of pyruvate/malate and pyruvate/citrate redox shuttles, elevating cytosolic NADPHF (iNAP1 fluorescence monitoring) at the expense of matrix NADHF, was indicated, using citrate (2-oxoglutarate) carrier inhibitors and cytosolic malic enzyme silencing: All changes vanished on these manipulations. 13C-incorporation from 13C-L-glutamine into 13C-citrate reflected the pyruvate/isocitrate shuttle. Matrix NADPHF (iNAP3 monitored) decreased. With decreasing glucose, the suppressor of Complex III site Q electron leak (S3QEL) suppressor caused a higher Complex I IF site contribution, but a lower superoxide fraction ascribed to the Complex III site IIIQo. Thus, the diminished matrix NADHF/NAD+F decreased Complex I flavin site IF superoxide formation on GSIS. Innovation: Mutually validated methods showed decreasing superoxide release into the mitochondrial matrix in pancreatic β cells on GSIS, due to the decreasing matrix NADHF/NAD+F (NADPHF/NADP+F) at increasing cytosolic NADPHF levels. The developed innovative methods enable real-time NADH/NAD+ and NADPH/NADP+ monitoring in any distinct cell compartment. Conclusion: The export of reducing equivalents from mitochondria adjusts lower mitochondrial superoxide production on GSIS, but it does not prevent oxidative stress in pancreatic β cells.

• MeSH
• adenosintrifosfát metabolismus   MeSH
• beta-buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčné dýchání MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
• energetický metabolismus MeSH
• flavinadenindinukleotid metabolismus   MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kyselina citronová metabolismus   MeSH
• membránový potenciál mitochondrií MeSH
• metabolické sítě a dráhy MeSH
• metabolomika metody   MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• NAD metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxid vodíku metabolismus   MeSH
• sekrece inzulinu * MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• superoxidy metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Laboratory research of cough reflex utilizes almost exclusively male guinea pigs - a practice that represents a significant obstacle in the successful translation of results into clinical practice. Chronic hypersensitivity cough syndrome affects mostly postmenopausal women and it represents significant decrease in patient's quality of life. No cause for such exaggerated cough can be found, therefore this condition cannot be treated appropriately. One of the reasons leading to the lack of relevant data about mechanisms responsible for hypersensitivity of cough related pathways is nowadays widely discussed gender bias, which is present in nearly all branches of biomedical research. Since gender differences in cough reflex physiology do exist in humans, it would be reasonable to study cough-related phenomena on both sexes of laboratory animals. In this study, we focused on detailed characterization of cough response of female guinea pigs to aerosols of commonly used tussive agents (capsaicin, distilled water, allyl isothiocyanate, cinnamaldehyde, citric acid). In pooled data from multiple challenges we found no statistical difference in number of cough and cough latency between sexes. Based on our results we conclude that the utilization of female guinea pigs model does not lead to messy data and can be used in basic cough research.

• MeSH
• akrolein analogy a deriváty   toxicita   MeSH
• kapsaicin toxicita   MeSH
• kašel chemicky indukované   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kyselina citronová toxicita   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
• morčata MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• akutní selhání jater terapie   MeSH
• antikoagulancia terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kontinuální metody náhrady funkce ledvin metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• kyselina citronová terapeutické užití   MeSH
• multiorgánové selhání terapie   MeSH
• péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu MeSH
• septický šok terapie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• novinové články MeSH
• rozhovory MeSH