Glyphosate
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... CONTENTS -- ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR GLYPHOSATE -- 1. ... ... TRANSFORMATION 33 -- 4.1 Transport and distribution between media 33 -- 4.1.1 Water 34 -- EHC 159: Glyphosate ... ... RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTECTION -- OF HUMAN HEALTH 133 -- EHC 159: Glyphosate -- 12. ...
Environmental health criteria ; 159
[1st ed.] 177 s. : tab. ; 19 cm
- Klíčová slova
- glyfosát,
- MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory * MeSH
- glycin škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- herbicidy * škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- organofosfonáty MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Toxicity of glyphosate (G) alone or in combination with cadmium (Cd) was studied in Matricaria chamomilla. Cadmium accumulated in shoots and roots in relation to prolonged exposure while glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were detected only in roots. After 7 days of exposure, root Cd and G accumulation was similar (56 μg G or 47 μg Cd/g DW in 1 μM treatments and 330 μg G or 321 μg Cd/g DW in 10 μM treatments). Despite this fact, Cd stimulated higher ROS formation and G rather suppressed nitric oxide while H2O2 content was elevated by Cd. Subsequent assay of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, and APX) showed only the impact of Cd. Non-enzymatic antioxidants revealed more pronounced impact of Cd on ascorbic acid and soluble phenols while non-protein thiols showed synergistic effect of G and Cd in roots. Surprisingly, G alone or in combination with Cd depleted shoot citrate and tartrate accumulation despite no detectable G in shoots. In the roots, Cd evoked expected increase in malate and citrate content while G rather suppressed Cd-induced elevation. These data indicate that glyphosate is less toxic than cadmium but even low G doses are able to induce metabolic changes.
Glyphosate is an herbicide that is used worldwide with potential environmental risks to nontarget organisms. We applied an age-stage, two-sex life table approach to assess the sublethal effects of short-term oral exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide on the life table parameters and biocontrol potential of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Aphids (Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)) treated with herbicide (an isopropylamine-salt of glyphosate) at low recommended, maximum recommended, and double the maximum recommended concentration for agricultural situations, and untreated controls were offered to the fourth instar of H. axyridis for 24 h. Development, consumption, and fecundity were measured daily until death. We detected minor differences in the hatching rate and mean generation time, whereas the longevity, fecundity, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, and consumption were unaffected across treatments. We conclude that biocontrol potential of H. axyridis was not affected by acute oral intoxication by a glyphosate-based herbicide during the larval stage for 24 h under the study design.
- MeSH
- biologická kontrola škůdců MeSH
- brouci účinky léků růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- glycin analogy a deriváty toxicita MeSH
- insekticidy toxicita MeSH
- kukla účinky léků růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- larva účinky léků růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- mšice chemie růst a vývoj MeSH
- nymfa chemie růst a vývoj MeSH
- potravní řetězec * MeSH
- predátorské chování účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- zvláštnosti životní historie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] is one the world's most widely used agricultural herbicide. It allows farmers to spray a planted field, generally before the crops have sprouted, killing weeds but not the crops that will grow there. GMO critics claim glyphosate is linked to autism, cancer, gluten allergies, ‘leaky gut' syndrome and other disorders. Concerns about glyphosate's possible health impacts increased in 2015 after the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a research arm of the World Health Organization, classified glyphosate as “probably carcinogenic”. The ecological risk assessment indicates that there is potential for effects on birds, mammals, and terrestrial and aquatic animals. A joint panel from the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations issued an summary evaluation of glyphosate in May 2016, concluding it poses no cancer risks as encountered in food and does not impact our genes. Although the European Food Safety Authority declared the evidence on glyphosate's carcinogenicity for humans to be “very limited”, there is still some doubt as to whether all the studies have been made "lege artis" or whether they have not even been falsified.
- MeSH
- herbicidy dějiny chemie otrava škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- karcinogeneze chemicky indukované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutageneze MeSH
- organofosfonáty * dějiny chemie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- otrava organofosfáty MeSH
- teratogeneze MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate is one of the most widely used pesticides. Both glyphosate and its major metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), persist in waters; thus, their environmental fates are of interest. We investigated the influence of compost dose, sampling depth, moisture and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) on the persistence of these substances. The amounts of AMPA quantified by triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS/MS) using isotopically labeled extraction standards were higher than those of glyphosate and differed among the samples. Both glyphosate and AMPA showed gradually decreasing concentrations with soil depth, and bootstrapped ANOVA showed significant differences between the contents of glyphosate and AMPA and their behavior related to different compost dosages and sampling depths. However, the compost dose alone did not cause significant differences among samples. Bayesian statistics revealed that the amounts of glyphosate and AMPA were both dependent on the sampling depth and compost dose, but differences were found when considering the physical factors of Ks and moisture. Glyphosate was influenced by moisture but not Ks, whereas AMPA was influenced by Ks but not moisture. Importantly, we found behavioral differences between glyphosate and its major metabolite, AMPA, related to the physical properties of Ks and moisture.
Although glyphosate is widely used for weed pest control, it might have negative side effects on natural enemies. Wolf spiders are one of the most representative predators found on soybean crops in Uruguay, preying on a wide variety of potential pests. However, the sublethal effects that pesticides might have on this group have been poorly explored for South American species. Herein, we explored the sublethal effects of glyphosate on the functional response of the wolf spider Hogna cf. bivittata against three potential pest insects, namely ant (Acromyrmex sp.), caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), and cricket (Miogryllus sp.). We contaminated residually adult females of the species Hogna cf. bivittata with glyphosate (Roundup®) and compared their functional response against non-contaminated spiders. We did not observe any mortality during the study. We found that overall Hogna cf. bivittata showed a functional response type II against crickets and caterpillars but no functional response to ants. Contaminated spiders killed less ants and caterpillars in comparison to the control group, probably as a consequence of the irritating effects of glyphosate. We did not observe differences in functional response to crickets at the evaluated densities, probably as a consequence of the low capture rate against this prey. Although glyphosate does not specifically target spiders, it might have negative sublethal effects on native predators such as Hogna cf. bivittata. Further studies should explore effect of glyphosate on other native predators from South American crops.
- MeSH
- Formicidae MeSH
- glycin analogy a deriváty toxicita MeSH
- Gryllidae MeSH
- můry MeSH
- pavouci účinky léků MeSH
- pesticidy toxicita MeSH
- predátorské chování účinky léků MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Uruguay MeSH
Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is an active substance of many herbicides. According to literature studies, glyphosate residues and their metabolites have been commonly detected in surface waters and toxicological reports confirmed negative effects on living organisms. In this study, the acute embryo toxicity of glyphosate into two different fish species-common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and zebrafish (Danio rerio)-was investigated. Lethal endpoints, development disorder, and, in addition, other sublethal endpoints such as hatching rate, formation of somites, and development of eyes, spontaneous movement, heartbeat/blood circulation, pigmentation, and edema were recorded to indicate the mode of action of the toxic compound. Hatching retardation (p < 0.05) was observed in experimental groups of common carp exposed to glyphosate with significant statistical difference especially at the highest concentration after 72, 96, and 120 hpf. The significantly highest cumulative mortality at concentration of 50 mg/l was observed. In contrast, hatching stimulation was observed in embryos of zebrafish exposed to the highest concentration of glyphosate. The significantly highest cumulative mortality for zebrafish was observed only at concentration of 50 mg/l. Based on our results, early life stages of common carp are more sensitive in comparison to zebrafish to the toxic action of glyphosate.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- dánio pruhované růst a vývoj MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- embryo nesavčí účinky léků MeSH
- embryonální vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- glycin analogy a deriváty toxicita MeSH
- herbicidy toxicita MeSH
- kapři růst a vývoj MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Glyphosate-based herbicides are the world's most consumed agrochemicals, and they are commonly used in various agroecosystems, including forests, as well as in urban zones and gardens. These herbicides are sold as formulations containing adjuvants. Other tank-mixing adjuvants (most often surfactants) are commonly added to these formulations prior to application. According to the manufacturers of agrochemicals, such tank mixes (as these are known in agronomic and horticultural practice) have modified properties and perform better than do the herbicides as used alone. The effects of these tank mixes on the environment and on beneficial arthropods are almost unknown. Therefore, we studied whether a herbicide formulation mixed with adjuvant has modified effects on one of the most common genera of ground-dwelling wolf spiders vis-à-vis the herbicide formulation and adjuvants themselves. Specifically, we studied the synergistic effect in the laboratory on the predatory activity (represented by the number of killed flies) of wolf spiders in the genus Pardosa after direct treatment using the glyphosate-based herbicide formulation Roundup klasik Pro®, Roundup klasik Pro® in a mixture with the surfactant Wetcit®, Roundup klasik Pro® in a mixture with the surfactant Agrovital®, and the surfactants alone. We found that pure surfactants as well as herbicide-and-surfactants tank mixes significantly decrease the predatory activity of Pardosa spiders in the short term even as Roundup klasik Pro® did not itself have any such effect. Our results support the hypothesis that plant protection tank mixes may have modified effect on beneficial arthropods as compared to herbicide formulations alone. Therefore, testing of pesticide tank mixes is highly important, because it is these tank mixes that are actually applied to the environment.
- MeSH
- agrochemikálie toxicita MeSH
- členovci účinky léků MeSH
- glycin analogy a deriváty toxicita MeSH
- herbicidy toxicita MeSH
- pavouci účinky léků MeSH
- pesticidy farmakologie MeSH
- povrchově aktivní látky toxicita MeSH
- testy toxicity MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Glyphosate is the number one herbicide in the world. We investigated the sub-lethal effects of this herbicide on the aphid Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), using an age-stage, two-sex life table approach. Three concentrations of the herbicide (low - 33.5, medium - 66.9 and high - 133.8 mmol dm(-3) of active ingredient) and distilled water as the control were used. The LC50 of the IPA salt of glyphosate on M. dirhodum was equivalent to 174.9 mmol dm(-3) of the active ingredient (CI95: 153.0, 199.0). The population parameters were significantly negatively affected by herbicide application, and this negative effect was progressive with the increasing concentration of the herbicide. A difference of two orders of magnitude existed in the predicted population development of M. dirhodum between the high concentration of the herbicide and the control. This is the first study that comprehensively documents such a negative effect on the population of an herbivorous insect.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- fertilita účinky léků MeSH
- glycin analogy a deriváty toxicita MeSH
- herbicidy toxicita MeSH
- mšice účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Rosa MeSH
- rozmnožování účinky léků MeSH
- stadia vývoje účinky léků MeSH
- stárnutí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
