Although glyphosate is widely used for weed pest control, it might have negative side effects on natural enemies. Wolf spiders are one of the most representative predators found on soybean crops in Uruguay, preying on a wide variety of potential pests. However, the sublethal effects that pesticides might have on this group have been poorly explored for South American species. Herein, we explored the sublethal effects of glyphosate on the functional response of the wolf spider Hogna cf. bivittata against three potential pest insects, namely ant (Acromyrmex sp.), caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), and cricket (Miogryllus sp.). We contaminated residually adult females of the species Hogna cf. bivittata with glyphosate (Roundup®) and compared their functional response against non-contaminated spiders. We did not observe any mortality during the study. We found that overall Hogna cf. bivittata showed a functional response type II against crickets and caterpillars but no functional response to ants. Contaminated spiders killed less ants and caterpillars in comparison to the control group, probably as a consequence of the irritating effects of glyphosate. We did not observe differences in functional response to crickets at the evaluated densities, probably as a consequence of the low capture rate against this prey. Although glyphosate does not specifically target spiders, it might have negative sublethal effects on native predators such as Hogna cf. bivittata. Further studies should explore effect of glyphosate on other native predators from South American crops.
- MeSH
- Ants MeSH
- Glycine analogs & derivatives toxicity MeSH
- Gryllidae MeSH
- Moths MeSH
- Spiders drug effects MeSH
- Pesticides toxicity MeSH
- Predatory Behavior drug effects MeSH
- Crops, Agricultural MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Uruguay MeSH
In order to develop an understanding of the role of adjuvants in a popular glyphosate-based herbicide - Roundup® Concentrate Plus (RCP), on non-target organisms, the effects of pure glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine], RCP and a non-ionic surfactant - polyethoxylated tallowamine (POEA) were studied in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP (15 μg/mL) and POEA (45 μg/mL) reduced (p < 0.001) lifespan of female flies compared to untreated controls or glyphosate (100 μg/mL). Negative geotaxis responses in female flies were reduced (p < 0.05) following acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA whereas glyphosate did not significantly affect this response compared to untreated flies. Acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA elevated (p < 0.05) protein carbonyl levels while markedly (p < 0.01) inhibiting carbonyl reductase activity whereas glyphosate treatment did not significantly affect protein carbonyl levels or carbonyl reductase activity. Fecundity was reduced (p < 0.05) following exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA whereas glyphosate did not affect fecundity. In vitro treatment of ovarian stem sheath (OSS) cells with sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA revealed decreased cell viability and enhanced caspase activity indicative of pro-apoptotic processes after 48 h compared to untreated controls. Glyphosate however was non-toxic at the concentration used. The results suggest that RCP and the surfactant POEA are more toxic than pure glyphosate and inhibit fecundity in Drosophila by impairing cell viability through enhanced apoptosis.
- MeSH
- Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic toxicity MeSH
- Apoptosis drug effects MeSH
- Cell Line MeSH
- Longevity drug effects MeSH
- Drosophila melanogaster drug effects physiology MeSH
- Fertility drug effects MeSH
- Glycine analogs & derivatives toxicity MeSH
- Herbicides toxicity MeSH
- Polyethylene Glycols toxicity MeSH
- Surface-Active Agents toxicity MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Glyphosate-based herbicides are the world's most consumed agrochemicals, and they are commonly used in various agroecosystems, including forests, as well as in urban zones and gardens. These herbicides are sold as formulations containing adjuvants. Other tank-mixing adjuvants (most often surfactants) are commonly added to these formulations prior to application. According to the manufacturers of agrochemicals, such tank mixes (as these are known in agronomic and horticultural practice) have modified properties and perform better than do the herbicides as used alone. The effects of these tank mixes on the environment and on beneficial arthropods are almost unknown. Therefore, we studied whether a herbicide formulation mixed with adjuvant has modified effects on one of the most common genera of ground-dwelling wolf spiders vis-à-vis the herbicide formulation and adjuvants themselves. Specifically, we studied the synergistic effect in the laboratory on the predatory activity (represented by the number of killed flies) of wolf spiders in the genus Pardosa after direct treatment using the glyphosate-based herbicide formulation Roundup klasik Pro®, Roundup klasik Pro® in a mixture with the surfactant Wetcit®, Roundup klasik Pro® in a mixture with the surfactant Agrovital®, and the surfactants alone. We found that pure surfactants as well as herbicide-and-surfactants tank mixes significantly decrease the predatory activity of Pardosa spiders in the short term even as Roundup klasik Pro® did not itself have any such effect. Our results support the hypothesis that plant protection tank mixes may have modified effect on beneficial arthropods as compared to herbicide formulations alone. Therefore, testing of pesticide tank mixes is highly important, because it is these tank mixes that are actually applied to the environment.
- MeSH
- Agrochemicals toxicity MeSH
- Arthropods drug effects MeSH
- Glycine analogs & derivatives toxicity MeSH
- Herbicides toxicity MeSH
- Spiders drug effects MeSH
- Pesticides pharmacology MeSH
- Surface-Active Agents toxicity MeSH
- Toxicity Tests MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Keywords
- glyfosát,
- MeSH
- Endocrine Disruptors * MeSH
- Glycine adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Herbicides * adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Organophosphonates MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is an active substance of many herbicides. According to literature studies, glyphosate residues and their metabolites have been commonly detected in surface waters and toxicological reports confirmed negative effects on living organisms. In this study, the acute embryo toxicity of glyphosate into two different fish species-common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and zebrafish (Danio rerio)-was investigated. Lethal endpoints, development disorder, and, in addition, other sublethal endpoints such as hatching rate, formation of somites, and development of eyes, spontaneous movement, heartbeat/blood circulation, pigmentation, and edema were recorded to indicate the mode of action of the toxic compound. Hatching retardation (p < 0.05) was observed in experimental groups of common carp exposed to glyphosate with significant statistical difference especially at the highest concentration after 72, 96, and 120 hpf. The significantly highest cumulative mortality at concentration of 50 mg/l was observed. In contrast, hatching stimulation was observed in embryos of zebrafish exposed to the highest concentration of glyphosate. The significantly highest cumulative mortality for zebrafish was observed only at concentration of 50 mg/l. Based on our results, early life stages of common carp are more sensitive in comparison to zebrafish to the toxic action of glyphosate.
- MeSH
- Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity MeSH
- Zebrafish growth & development MeSH
- Species Specificity MeSH
- Embryo, Nonmammalian drug effects MeSH
- Embryonic Development drug effects MeSH
- Glycine analogs & derivatives toxicity MeSH
- Herbicides toxicity MeSH
- Carps growth & development MeSH
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Glyphosate is an herbicide that is used worldwide with potential environmental risks to nontarget organisms. We applied an age-stage, two-sex life table approach to assess the sublethal effects of short-term oral exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide on the life table parameters and biocontrol potential of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Aphids (Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)) treated with herbicide (an isopropylamine-salt of glyphosate) at low recommended, maximum recommended, and double the maximum recommended concentration for agricultural situations, and untreated controls were offered to the fourth instar of H. axyridis for 24 h. Development, consumption, and fecundity were measured daily until death. We detected minor differences in the hatching rate and mean generation time, whereas the longevity, fecundity, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, and consumption were unaffected across treatments. We conclude that biocontrol potential of H. axyridis was not affected by acute oral intoxication by a glyphosate-based herbicide during the larval stage for 24 h under the study design.
- MeSH
- Pest Control, Biological MeSH
- Coleoptera drug effects growth & development physiology MeSH
- Glycine analogs & derivatives toxicity MeSH
- Insecticides toxicity MeSH
- Pupa drug effects growth & development physiology MeSH
- Larva drug effects growth & development physiology MeSH
- Aphids chemistry growth & development MeSH
- Nymph chemistry growth & development MeSH
- Food Chain * MeSH
- Predatory Behavior drug effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Life History Traits * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Keywords
- glyfosát,
- MeSH
- Glycine analogs & derivatives toxicity MeSH
- Herbicides toxicity MeSH
- Jurisprudence MeSH
- Publication type
- Newspaper Article MeSH
- Keywords
- glyfosát,
- MeSH
- Glycine analogs & derivatives toxicity MeSH
- Herbicides toxicity MeSH
- Jurisprudence MeSH
- Publication type
- Newspaper Article MeSH
Glyphosate is the number one herbicide in the world. We investigated the sub-lethal effects of this herbicide on the aphid Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), using an age-stage, two-sex life table approach. Three concentrations of the herbicide (low - 33.5, medium - 66.9 and high - 133.8 mmol dm(-3) of active ingredient) and distilled water as the control were used. The LC50 of the IPA salt of glyphosate on M. dirhodum was equivalent to 174.9 mmol dm(-3) of the active ingredient (CI95: 153.0, 199.0). The population parameters were significantly negatively affected by herbicide application, and this negative effect was progressive with the increasing concentration of the herbicide. A difference of two orders of magnitude existed in the predicted population development of M. dirhodum between the high concentration of the herbicide and the control. This is the first study that comprehensively documents such a negative effect on the population of an herbivorous insect.
- MeSH
- Survival Analysis MeSH
- Fertility drug effects MeSH
- Glycine analogs & derivatives toxicity MeSH
- Herbicides toxicity MeSH
- Aphids drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Rosa MeSH
- Reproduction drug effects MeSH
- Life Cycle Stages drug effects MeSH
- Aging MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
