DNA methylation, one of the most studied epigenetic mechanisms, when present in the promoter region of genes, causes inhibition of gene expression, and conversely, hypomethylation of these regions enables gene expression. DNA methylation is susceptible to nutritional and environmental influences, and undesirable alterations in methylation patterns manifested in changes in the expression of relevant genes can lead to pathological consequences. In the present work, we studied the methylation status of the bovine GSTP1 gene under the influence of pesticide Mospilan 20SP alone and in combination with pesticide Orius 25EW in in vitro proliferating bovine lymphocytes. We employed methylation-specific PCR, and when studying the effect of pesticide combinations, we also used its real-time version followed by a melting procedure. Our results showed that Mospilan 20SP alone at 5, 25, 50, and 100 μg.ml-1 and 5, 10, 25, and 50 μg.ml-1 for the last 4 and 24 hours of culture with in vitro proliferating bovine lymphocytes, respectively, did not induce methylation of the bovine GSTP1 gene. The same results were revealed when studying the effect of the combination of the pesticides added to the lymphocyte cultures for the last 24 hours of cultivation in the following amounts: 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 μg.ml-1 of Mospilan 20SP and 1.5, 3, 6, 15, and 30 μg.ml-1 of Orius 25EW. We have also revealed that the less laborious real-time MSP followed by a melting procedure may replace MSP for studying the methylation status of the GSTP1 gene.

• MeSH
• epigeneze genetická MeSH
• glutathion-S-transferasa fí * genetika   MeSH
• metylace DNA genetika   MeSH
• pesticidy * farmakologie   MeSH
• promotorové oblasti (genetika) genetika   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Persistent use of pesticides and animal manure in agricultural soils inadvertently introduced heavy metals and antibiotic/antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the soil with deleterious consequences. The microbiome and heavy metal and antibiotic resistome of a pesticide and animal manure inundated agricultural soil (SL6) obtained from a vegetable farm at Otte, Eiyenkorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, was deciphered via shotgun metagenomics and functional annotation of putative ORFs (open reading frames). Structural metagenomics of SL6 microbiome revealed 29 phyla, 49 classes, 94 orders, 183 families, 366 genera, 424 species, and 260 strains with the preponderance of the phyla Proteobacteria (40%) and Actinobacteria (36%), classes Actinobacteria (36%), Alphaproteobacteria (18%), and Gammaproteobacteria (17%), and genera Kocuria (16%), Sphingobacterium (11%), and Brevundimonas (10%), respectively. Heavy metal resistance genes annotation conducted using Biocide and Metal Resistance Gene Database (BacMet) revealed the detection of genes responsible for the uptake, transport, detoxification, efflux, and regulation of copper, cadmium, zinc, nickel, chromium, cobalt, selenium, tungsten, mercury, and several others. ARG annotation using the Antibiotic Resistance Gene-annotation (ARG-ANNOT) revealed ARGs for 11 antibiotic classes with the preponderance of β-lactamases, mobilized colistin resistance determinant (mcr-1), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS), glycopeptide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes, among others. The persistent use of pesticide and animal manure is strongly believed to play a major role in the proliferation of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes in the soil. This study revealed that agricultural soils inundated with pesticide and animal manure use are potential hotspots for ARG spread and may accentuate the spread of multidrug resistant clinical pathogens.

• MeSH
• aminoglykosidy MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• beta-laktamasy genetika   MeSH
• chrom MeSH
• dezinficiencia * MeSH
• glykopeptidy MeSH
• hnůj mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• kobalt MeSH
• kolistin MeSH
• linkosamidy MeSH
• makrolidy MeSH
• měď MeSH
• metagenomika MeSH
• mikrobiota * genetika   MeSH
• nikl MeSH
• pesticidy * farmakologie   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• rtuť * MeSH
• selen * MeSH
• streptograminy MeSH
• wolfram MeSH
• zinek MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Glyphosate-based herbicides are the world's most consumed agrochemicals, and they are commonly used in various agroecosystems, including forests, as well as in urban zones and gardens. These herbicides are sold as formulations containing adjuvants. Other tank-mixing adjuvants (most often surfactants) are commonly added to these formulations prior to application. According to the manufacturers of agrochemicals, such tank mixes (as these are known in agronomic and horticultural practice) have modified properties and perform better than do the herbicides as used alone. The effects of these tank mixes on the environment and on beneficial arthropods are almost unknown. Therefore, we studied whether a herbicide formulation mixed with adjuvant has modified effects on one of the most common genera of ground-dwelling wolf spiders vis-à-vis the herbicide formulation and adjuvants themselves. Specifically, we studied the synergistic effect in the laboratory on the predatory activity (represented by the number of killed flies) of wolf spiders in the genus Pardosa after direct treatment using the glyphosate-based herbicide formulation Roundup klasik Pro®, Roundup klasik Pro® in a mixture with the surfactant Wetcit®, Roundup klasik Pro® in a mixture with the surfactant Agrovital®, and the surfactants alone. We found that pure surfactants as well as herbicide-and-surfactants tank mixes significantly decrease the predatory activity of Pardosa spiders in the short term even as Roundup klasik Pro® did not itself have any such effect. Our results support the hypothesis that plant protection tank mixes may have modified effect on beneficial arthropods as compared to herbicide formulations alone. Therefore, testing of pesticide tank mixes is highly important, because it is these tank mixes that are actually applied to the environment.

• MeSH
• agrochemikálie toxicita   MeSH
• členovci účinky léků   MeSH
• glycin analogy a deriváty   toxicita   MeSH
• herbicidy toxicita   MeSH
• pavouci účinky léků   MeSH
• pesticidy farmakologie   MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky toxicita   MeSH
• testy toxicity MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Biopesticidy představují pesticidy založené na mikroorganismech, jejich produktech nebo genetických modifikacích rostlin. Oproti tradičním chemickým pesticidům se vyznačují vysokou specifitou a nízkou nebo žádnou toxicitou vůči necílovým druhům a zpravidla jsou založeny na toxickém či patogenním působení biopesticidů vůči škůdcům. Nejvýznamnějšími biopesticidy jsou různé druhy plísní využívané k likvidaci široké škály druhů hmyzu a Bt toxin, produkovaný bakterií Bacillus thuringiensis likvidující housenky a různé druhy hmyzu.

Biopesticides are group of pesticides based on microorganisms, their products or genetic modifications of plants. They are characterized by their great specificity and very low or no toxicity for non-target species. Usually they are based on toxic or pathogenic effects of biopesticides on pests. Most important biopesticides are various fungi species used to eradicate vast spectrum of insects, and Bt toxin, produced by Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria andkilling caterpillars and insects.

• MeSH
• biologická kontrola škůdců * metody   MeSH
• biologické přípravky farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• pesticidy * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• zemědělství metody   MeSH

Passive and composite sampling in combination with in vitro bioassays and identification and quantification of individual chemicals were applied to characterize pollution by compounds with several specific modes of action in urban area in the basin of two rivers, with 400,000 inhabitants and a variety of industrial activities. Two types of passive samplers, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD) for hydrophobic contaminants and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) for polar compounds such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals, were used to sample wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent as well as rivers upstream and downstream of the urban complex and the WWTP. Compounds with endocrine disruptive potency were detected in river water and WWTP influent and effluent. Year-round, monthly assessment of waste waters by bioassays documented estrogenic, androgenic and dioxin-like potency as well as cytotoxicity in influent waters of the WWTP and allowed characterization of seasonal variability of these biological potentials in waste waters. The WWTP effectively removed cytotoxic compounds, xenoestrogens and xenoandrogens. There was significant variability in treatment efficiency of dioxin-like potency. The study indicates that the WWTP, despite its up-to-date technology, can contribute endocrine disrupting compounds to the river. Riverine samples exhibited dioxin-like, antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic potencies. The study design enabled characterization of effects of the urban complex and the WWTP on the river. Concentrations of PAHs and contaminants and specific biological potencies sampled by POCIS decreased as a function of distance from the city.

• MeSH
• androgenní receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• androgeny analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• biotest MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• čištění vody MeSH
• dioxiny analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• estrogeny analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• odpadní voda chemie   MeSH
• pesticidy analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• polychlorované dibenzodioxiny analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• receptory aromatických uhlovodíků metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory pro estrogeny metabolismus   MeSH
• řeky chemie   MeSH
• skládková zařízení MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To establish the effect of chlorinated organic compounds on fertility. DESIGN: We analyzed the influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides in follicular fluid on the number of fertilized oocytes, the quality of oocytes and embryos, pregnancy rate, and number of embryos cryoconserved in IVF-ET program. SETTING: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic. PATIENT(S): Patients from the Center of Assisted Reproduction. INTERVENTION(S): We collected the follicular fluid of 99 infertile women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The levels of xenobiotics in follicular fluid were examined by high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. Correlations between the levels of xenobiotics and IVF-ET program results were statistically analyzed. RESULT(S): The PCB levels varied from 0.1 to 254.6 ng/g of fat. Levels of DDT and its metabolites varied from 0.3 to 35 228.8 ng/g of fat. A correlation was found between the number of diploid oocytes and the level of DDT, the fertilization of oocytes and level of PCB 158, and the pregnancy rate and the number of embryos cryoconserved and levels of PCB 47. CONCLUSION(S): Xenobiotics can be detected in the fat compartment of the follicular fluid. Some correlation to the IVF-ET program results was established, to a degree that might be considered of concern, although it was not statistically significant at the 5% level.

• MeSH
• DDT farmakologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro metody   MeSH
• folikulární tekutina účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pesticidy farmakologie   MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly farmakologie   MeSH
• přenos embrya metody   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• úhrn těhotenství na počet žen v reprodukčním věku MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• xenobiotika farmakologie   MeSH
• ženská infertilita chemicky indukované   diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Trimedoxime is a bisquaternary oxime that is widely used in the treatment of organophosphorous poisoning caused by tabun and paraoxon. We tested its affinity to acetylcholinesterase (AChE), its mechanism of interaction and effect on the cholinergic system of the rat bladder. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of trimedoxime to recombinant AChE was found to be 82.0 mM ± 30.1 mM. This represents a weak inhibition. Its interaction with AChE seems to be very similar to obidoxime - one aromatic nucleus interacts with the peripheral anionic site and the other with the residues TYR337 and TYR341 inside the cavity. Also the oxime moiety is moving towards the catalytic triade ready for the reactivation of the inhibited AChE. In the organ bath experiment no significant effect of trimedoxime was observed on the contraction of the detrusor caused by the muscarinic agonist metacholine.

• Klíčová slova
• acetylcholinesterase, trimedoxime, antidote, muscaricnic receptors, reactivation,
• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa farmakokinetika   farmakologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• antidota farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cholinergní antagonisté farmakokinetika   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cholinergní látky farmakologie   imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• močový měchýř MeSH
• organofosforové sloučeniny farmakokinetika   farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• pesticidy farmakokinetika   farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterázy farmakokinetika   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• receptory muskarinové účinky léků   MeSH
• synergismus léků MeSH
• trimedoxim farmakokinetika   farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

Organophosphorus pesticides such as parathion or chlorpyrifos are substances used worldwide for agricultural purposes. These compounds are able to inhibit an enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) by phosphorylation in its active site. AChE reactivators and anticholinergics are generally used as antidotes in the case of intoxication by these agents. In this work, the reactivation potency of nine structurally different AChE reactivators was tested in vitro. Chlorpyrifos was chosen as an appropriate member of the pesticide family. The result is that bisquaternary reactivators with two oxime groups in position four at the pyridinium rings (trimedoxime and K074) seem to be the most potent reactivators of chlorpyrifos-inhibited AChE.

• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• dursban farmakologie   metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pesticidy farmakologie   metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• reaktivní inhibice MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• divoká zvířata fyziologie   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• ekotoxikologie MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory toxicita   MeSH
• farmakologické a toxikologické jevy MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• nemoci endokrinního systému chemicky indukované   MeSH
• obojživelníci MeSH
• pesticidy farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Životní prostředí a jeho ochrana
• NLK Obory
• endokrinologie
• environmentální vědy
• přírodní vědy

• Klíčová slova
• chlorpyrifos,
• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa účinky léků   MeSH
• organofosforové sloučeniny farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pesticidy farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH