- MeSH
- antikarcinogenní látky farmakologie MeSH
- chemoprofylaxe MeSH
- karcinogeneze chemicky indukované genetika klasifikace MeSH
- karcinogeny životního prostředí MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * epidemiologie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- plošný screening klasifikace metody MeSH
- pracovní expozice MeSH
- profylaktické chirurgické výkony trendy MeSH
- radiační expozice MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- zdravotně rizikové chování MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Anthropogenic environmental pollutants affect many physiological, biochemical, and endocrine actions as reproduction, metabolism, immunity, behavior and as such can interfere with any aspect of hormone action. Microbiota and their genes, microbiome, a large body of microorganisms, first of all bacteria and co-existing in the host´s gut, are now believed to be autonomous endocrine organ, participating at overall endocrine, neuroendocrine and immunoendocrine regulations. While an extensive literature is available on the physiological and pathological aspects of both players, information about their mutual relationships is scarce. In the review we attempted to show various examples where both, endocrine disruptors and microbiota are meeting and can act cooperatively or in opposition and to show the mechanism, if known, staying behind these actions.
- MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory farmakologie MeSH
- fyziologie bakterií účinky léků MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt účinky léků mikrobiologie MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- ateroskleróza diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu diagnóza farmakoterapie chemicky indukované patofyziologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- dioxiny analýza farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dyslipidemie diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- glukagonu podobný peptid 1 účinky léků MeSH
- hyperglykemie diagnóza farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- hypertenze diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- hypoglykemie MeSH
- hypoglykemika farmakologie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- kouření MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakologie chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom * diagnóza etiologie genetika patofyziologie prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- metformin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- mikrobiota fyziologie imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- obezita diagnóza komplikace metabolismus MeSH
- pohybová aktivita fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza škodlivé účinky MeSH
- psychický stres MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Cadmium, as a hazardous pollutant commonly present in the living environment, represents an important risk to human health due to its undesirable effects (oxidative stress, changes in activities of many enzymes, interactions with biomolecules including DNA and RNA) and consequent potential risk, making its detection very important. New and unique technological and biotechnological approaches for solving this problems are intensely sought. In this study, we used the commonly occurring potential pathogenic microorganism Staphylococcus aureus for the determination of markers which could be used for sensing of cadmium(II) ions. We were focused on monitoring the effects of different cadmium(II) ion concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 μg mL(-1)) on the growth and energetic metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus. Highly significant changes have been detected in the metabolism of thiol compounds-specifically the protein metallothionein (0.79-26.82 mmol/mg of protein), the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (190-5,827 μmol/min/mg of protein), and sulfhydryl groups (9.6-274.3 μmol cysteine/mg of protein). The ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione indicated marked oxidative stress. In addition, dramatic changes in urease activity, which is connected with resistance of bacteria, were determined. Further, the effects of cadmium(II) ions on the metabolic pathways of arginine, β-glucosidase, phosphatase, N-acetyl β-d-glucosamine, sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, maltose, lactose, fructose and total proteins were demonstrated. A metabolomic profile of Staphylococcus aureus under cadmium(II) ion treatment conditions was completed seeking data about the possibility of cadmium(II) ion accumulation in cells. The results demonstrate potential in the application of microorganisms as modern biosensor systems based on biological components.
- MeSH
- biosenzitivní techniky metody MeSH
- disacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky MeSH
- fosfatasy metabolismus MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiondisulfid metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- hydrolasy metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium analýza metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- metalothionein metabolismus MeSH
- monosacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- sulfhydrylové sloučeniny metabolismus MeSH
- ureasa metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To establish the effect of chlorinated organic compounds on fertility. DESIGN: We analyzed the influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides in follicular fluid on the number of fertilized oocytes, the quality of oocytes and embryos, pregnancy rate, and number of embryos cryoconserved in IVF-ET program. SETTING: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic. PATIENT(S): Patients from the Center of Assisted Reproduction. INTERVENTION(S): We collected the follicular fluid of 99 infertile women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The levels of xenobiotics in follicular fluid were examined by high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. Correlations between the levels of xenobiotics and IVF-ET program results were statistically analyzed. RESULT(S): The PCB levels varied from 0.1 to 254.6 ng/g of fat. Levels of DDT and its metabolites varied from 0.3 to 35 228.8 ng/g of fat. A correlation was found between the number of diploid oocytes and the level of DDT, the fertilization of oocytes and level of PCB 158, and the pregnancy rate and the number of embryos cryoconserved and levels of PCB 47. CONCLUSION(S): Xenobiotics can be detected in the fat compartment of the follicular fluid. Some correlation to the IVF-ET program results was established, to a degree that might be considered of concern, although it was not statistically significant at the 5% level.
- MeSH
- DDT farmakologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fertilizace in vitro metody MeSH
- folikulární tekutina účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pesticidy farmakologie MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly farmakologie MeSH
- přenos embrya metody MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- úhrn těhotenství na počet žen v reprodukčním věku MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- xenobiotika farmakologie MeSH
- ženská infertilita chemicky indukované diagnóza terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Investigations of environmental pollution by endocrine-disrupting chemicals are now in progress. Up to now, several in vitro bioassays have been developed for evaluation of the endocrine disruptive activity; however, there is still a lack of comparative studies of their sensitivity. In this work comparison of the estrogen screening assay based on beta-galactosidase expression and a bioluminescent estrogen screen revealed differences in the sensitivity and specificity of the two tests. With the beta-galactosidase screen a slight estrogen-like activity of Delor 103, a commercial mixture of PCB congeners, and a fungicide triclosan was measured whereas no activity was detected using the bioluminescent assay. A bioluminescent androgen test negated previously suggested androgenic potential of triclosan. Further, this work demonstrates the androgenic activity of Delor 103, with an EC(50) value of 2.29 x 10(-2)mg/L. On the other hand, chlorobenzoic acids (CBAs), representing potential PCB degradation metabolites, exhibited no androgenic activity but were slightly estrogenic. Their estrogenicity varied with their chemical structure, with 2,3-CBA, 2,3,6-CBA, 2,4,6-CBA and monochlorinated compounds exhibiting the highest activity. Thus the results indicated possible transitions of the hormonal activity of PCBs during bacterial degradation.
- MeSH
- androgeny farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- beta-galaktosidasa analýza genetika MeSH
- biotest metody MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- estrogeny farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- kvasinky genetika účinky léků MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) is a carcinogen occurring in diesel exhaust and air pollution. Using the (32)P-postlabelling method, we found that 3-NBA and its human metabolite, 3-aminobenzanthrone (3-ABA), are activated to species forming DNA adducts by cytosols and/or microsomes isolated from rat lung, the target organ for 3-NBA carcinogenicity, and kidney. Each compound generated identical five DNA adducts. We have demonstrated the importance of pulmonary and renal NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) to reduce 3-NBA to species that are further activated by N,O-acetyltransferases and sulfotransferases. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 is the essential enzyme for oxidative activation of 3-ABA in microsomes of both organs, while cyclooxygenase plays a minor role. 3-NBA was also investigated for its ability to induce NQO1 and CYP1A1 in lungs and kidneys, and for the influence of such induction on DNA adduct formation by 3-NBA and 3-ABA. When cytosols from rats treated i.p. with 40mg/kg bw of 3-NBA were incubated with 3-NBA, DNA adduct formation was up to 2.1-fold higher than in incubations with cytosols from control animals. This increase corresponded to an increase in protein level and enzymatic activity of NQO1. Incubations of 3-ABA with microsomes of 3-NBA-treated rats led to up to a fivefold increase in DNA adduct formation relative to controls. The stimulation of DNA adduct formation correlated with the potential of 3-NBA to induce protein expression and activity of CYP1A1. These results demonstrate that 3-NBA is capable to induce NQO1 and CYP1A1 in lungs and kidney of rats thereby enhancing its own genotoxic and carcinogenic potential.
- MeSH
- adukty DNA metabolismus MeSH
- benz(a)anthraceny farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- cytosol metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- enzymová indukce MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- jaterní mikrozomy metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- karcinogeny farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- ledviny metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- mutageny farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- NAD(P)H dehydrogenasa (chinon) metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- plíce metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- radioizotopy fosforu MeSH
- testy genotoxicity MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA), a suspected human carcinogen occurring in diesel exhaust and air pollution, and its human metabolite 3-aminobenzanthrone (3-ABA) were investigated for their ability to induce biotransformation enzymes in rat liver and the influence of such induction on DNA adduct formation by the compounds. Rats were treated (i.p.) with 0.4, 4, or 40 mg/kg body weight 3-NBA or 3-ABA. When hepatic cytosolic fractions from rats treated with 40 mg/kg body weight 3-NBA or 3-ABA were incubated with 3-NBA, DNA adduct formation, measured by 32P-postlabeling analysis, was 10-fold higher in incubations with cytosols from pretreated rats than with controls. The increase in 3-NBA-derived DNA adduct formation corresponded to a dose-dependent increase in protein levels and enzymatic activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). NQO1 is the major enzyme reducing 3-NBA in human and rat livers. Incubations of 3-ABA with hepatic microsomes of rats treated with 3-NBA or 3-ABA (40 mg/kg body weight) led to as much as a 12-fold increase in 3-ABA-derived DNA adduct formation compared with controls. The observed stimulation of DNA adduct formation by both compounds was attributed to their potential to induce protein expression and enzymatic activity of cytochromes P450 1A1 and/or -1A2 (CYP1A1/2), the major enzymes responsible for 3-ABA activation in human and rat livers. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that by inducing hepatic NQO1 and CYP1A1/2, both 3-NBA and 3-ABA increase the enzymatic activation of these two compounds to reactive DNA adduct-forming species, thereby enhancing their own genotoxic potential.
- MeSH
- adukty DNA MeSH
- benz(a)anthraceny farmakologie MeSH
- enzymová indukce MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- jaterní mikrozomy enzymologie účinky léků MeSH
- játra enzymologie účinky léků MeSH
- karcinogeny farmakologie MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA analýza MeSH
- NAD(P)H dehydrogenasa (chinon) biosyntéza MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related compounds elicit a diverse spectrum of toxic responses. Additionally, they are able to pass through the human placenta. The aim of the presented data was to compare the action of low-chlorinated (Delor 103) and (Delor 106) high-chlorinated biphenyls on placental steroidogenesis. METHODS: Explants of human placental tissue were used to test differences in PCBs accumulation and influence on placental steroidogenesis. Delor 103 or 106, were added daily for six days at a dose of 200 pg from day 0 to day 6 of culture. The media in the control and experimental groups were changed every day, and collected and frozen for steroid analysis by RIA. Determinations of PCBs of tissue and medium were analysed by GC/MS/MS. RESULTS: Delor 103 was found at a higher level in the tissue than Delor 106. The first day of exposure to Delor 103 had no effect on the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to estradiol (E2) while there was a 2-fold decrease in E2 secretion from days 3 to 6. Conversely, Delor 106 caused an immediate increase in E2 secretion, which was maintained at higher levels throughout the exposure period. CONCLUSION: Differences between the accumulation of lower chlorinated and higher chlorinated biphenyls in human placental tissue and in the properties of the congeners can have multiple effects that may intensify or counteract the effects on uterine contraction by PCBs.
- MeSH
- aromatasa metabolismus MeSH
- dehydroepiandrosteron metabolismus MeSH
- estradiol metabolismus MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- placenta metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
