• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obličej MeSH
• radiografie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• ústní a čelistní systém MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Surface of the implantable devices is the root cause of several complications such as infections, implant loosening and chronic inflammation. There is an urgent need for multifunctional coatings that can address these shortcomings simultaneously in a manner similar to the structures of extracellular matrix. Herein, we developed a coating system composed of ECM components and a naturally derived polypeptide. The interactions between the coating components create an environment that enables incorporation of an antimicrobial/angiogenic polypeptide. The film composition is based gelatin and hyaluronic acid modified with aldehyde groups (HA-Ald) that can react with poly (arginine) (PAR) through transient interactions. Nanoplasmon measurements demonstrated a significantly higher loading of PAR in films containing HA-Ald with longer retention of PAR in the structure. The presence of PAR not only provides to the film surface antimicrobial (contact-killing) properties but also increased endothelial cell-cell contacts (PECAM) and VEGFA gene expression and secretion by human vascular endothelial cells. This multifunctional coating can be easily applied to surface of implants where it can enact on several problems simultaneously.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• biokompatibilní potahované materiály farmakologie   MeSH
• endoteliální buňky pupečníkové žíly (lidské) účinky léků   MeSH
• extracelulární matrix metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• peptidy farmakologie   MeSH
• polymery farmakologie   MeSH
• protézy a implantáty * MeSH
• skot MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A metabolismus   MeSH
• želatina farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In our ongoing study focused on Corydalis cava (Fumariaceae), used in folk medicine in the treatment of memory dysfunctions, we have investigated fifteen previously isolated alkaloids for their potential multifunctional activity on Alzheimer's disease (AD) targets. Determination of ß-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibition was carried out using a BACE1-Immobilized Enzyme Reactor (IMER) by validating the assay with a multi-well plate format Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) assay. Seven alkaloids out of fifteen were found to be active, with (-)-corycavamine (3) and (+)-corynoline (5) demonstrating the highest BACE1 inhibition activity, in the micromolar range, in a concentration dependent manner. BACE1-IMER was found to be a valid device for the fast screening of inhibitors and the determination of their potency. In a permeation assay (PAMPA) for the prediction of blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, the most active compounds, (-)-corycavamine (3) and (+)-corynoline (5), were found to be able to cross the BBB. Not all compounds showed activity against glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and casein kinase-1δ (CK-1δ). On the basis of the reported results, we found that some C. cava alkaloids have multifunctional activity against AD targets (prolyl oligopeptidase, cholinesterases and BACE1). Moreover, we tried to elucidate the treatment effectivity (rational use) of its extract in memory dysfunction in folk medicine.

• MeSH
• alkaloidy chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc MeSH
• aspartátové endopeptidasy antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• berberinové alkaloidy chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Corydalis chemie   MeSH
• enzymy imobilizované antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• hematoencefalická bariéra MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH
• sekretasy antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Cílem této práce bylo zmapovat vývoj gymnastického nářadí pro přeskok a gymnastických skoků na tomto nářadí. Vývoj přeskokového nářadí za posledních 50 let se příliš mnoho neměnil, pouze bylo používáno lepších a dokonalejších materiálů. Dále se upravovala horní odrazová plocha koně pro lepší odraz z rukou. V průběhu se zvyšovala i nastavitelná výška koně. K výrazným změnám došlo v současnosti, kdy nahradil klasického koně zcela nový typ přeskokového nářadí. U odrazových můstků bylo využíváno nových technologií a materiálů. Prvním výrazným posunem bylo zavedení odrazového můstku typu „Reuther“, který výrazně zlepšil odrazové možnosti. Dalším znatelným pokrokem v současnosti je můstek typu „Reuther“ s vyměnitelnými pružinami, který umožňuje přesně přizpůsobit můstek váze a schopnostem cvičence. Vývoj přeskoků přes koně prošel bouřlivější cestou. Před 50-ti lety se jednalo o dva typy přeskoků – přímé a převratové. Se zdokonalováním přeskokového nářadí a dokonalejším tréninkem přeskoků, přicházely obtížnější varianty skoků nebo zcela nové přeskoky. V současnosti závodní sportovní gymnastika rozeznává pět skupin převratových skoků: přeskoky s obraty, přeskoky se salty, přeskoky typu cukahara, přeskoky po rondatu a přeskoky po rondatu s obraty v první letové fázi. V dnešní době nastoupil zcela nový typ přeskokového nářadí, které umožňuje mnohem větší odraz z rukou do druhé letové fáze přeskoku. Tento typ je shodný jak pro mužskou, tak pro ženskou sportovní gymnastiku. Můstky do budoucna budou umožňovat vlivem lepších materiálů vyšší odrazy a delší let v první letové fázi. Zároveň bude zvyšována jejich multifunkčnost, jako je například využití pro různé výkonnostní kategorie a přesné přizpůsobení cvičenci. Lepší možnosti odrazu do první letové fáze a vyšší let v první letové fázi podnítí další zvyšování výšky přeskokového nářadí. Mnohem lepší odraz z paží podpořený pružinami v novém přeskokovém nářadí umožňují v druhé fázi přeskoku provádět vícenásobná salta doplněná obraty. Tyto předpoklady zajišťují přeskoku do budoucna jeho místo v gymnastickém víceboji. Z uvedeného vyplývá, že se podařilo zmapovat posledních padesát let vývoje přeskoku jako sportovní disciplíny, tedy od doby, kdy se oddělila atletická část a gymnastika se vyprofilovala do současné podoby.

The aim of this thesis was to map the development of vaulting gymnastic apparatus and gymnastic vaults on this apparatus. Vaulting apparatus itself has not changed much during the last fifty years. One of the changes concerns using better and advanced materials. There has been a change in adjustable height of a vaulting horse. The most significant changes could be watched recently, as the classical vaulting horse is being replaced by a brand new type of vaulting apparatus. New materials and technologies are now used for making springboards. The first considerable step forward was the setting of “REUTHER“ type springboard, which highly improved the possibilities of one’s taking off. Another progress has recently been a new “Reuther“ type board with exchangeable springs which enables adaptations to the weight and abilities of each single trainee. Vaults over a horse have been through a more rapid development. There used to be two types of vaults – straight and inverted. Along with the improving of vaulting apparatus and better training conditions, more difficult types of vaults or brand new vaults came. Nowadays, sports gymnastics recognizes 5 groups of inverted vaults: reversal vaults, vaults with a somersault, cukahara type vaults, vaults after round of, and vaults after round of in the first flying phase. A new type of vaulting apparatus has come out recently. It enables much stronger hand rebound to the second flying phase. This type is the same for both, men’s and women’s sports gymnastics. In the future, boards will enable higher rebounds and longer flights in the first flying phase thanks to advanced materials. Their multifunctional use will be improved – that is for example their use for various levels in a trainee’s efficiency and their exact adaptation to a single gymnast. Better possibilities of taking off into the first flying phase and higher flight in the first flying phase will mean rising of the vaulting apparatus´ height. Much better and stronger hand rebound supported by springs in new vaulting apparatus will enable making multiplied somersaults with reversals in the second flying phase. This ensures the vault taking part in various gymnastic competitions. From above you can see that the mapping of the last fifty years of the development of vaulting apparatus was successful. It shows the development of vaults as a sports event since athletic and gymnastic branches were divided.

• Klíčová slova
• přeskok,
• MeSH
• gymnastika * dějiny   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zdravotnické prostředky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are to date the gold standard in biomedical research fields due to their enhanced biological functions compared to conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. 3D cell spheroids, as well as organoids, are better suited to replicate tissue functions, which enables their use both as in vitro models for basic research and toxicology, as well as building blocks used in tissue/organ biofabrication approaches. Culturing 3D spheroids from bone-derived cells is an emerging technology for both disease modelling and drug screening applications. Bone tissue models are mainly limited by the implementation of sophisticated devices and procedures that can foster a tissue-specific 3D cell microenvironment along with a dynamic cultivation regime. In this study, we consequently developed, optimized and characterized an advanced perfused microfluidic platform to improve the reliability of 3D bone cell cultivation and to enhance aspects of bone tissue maturation in vitro. Moreover, biomechanical stimulation generated by fluid flow inside the arrayed chamber, was used to mimic a more dynamic cell environment emulating a highly vascularized bone we expected to improve the osteogenic 3D microenvironment in the developed multifunctional spheroid-array platform. The optimized 3D cell culture protocols in our murine bone-on-a-chip spheroid model exhibited increased mineralization and viability compared to static conditions. As a proof-of-concept, we successfully confirmed on the beneficial effects of a dynamic culture environment on osteogenesis and used our platform for analysis of bone-derived spheroids produced from primary human pre-osteoblasts. To conclude, the newly developed system represents a powerful tool for studying human bone patho/physiology in vitro under more relevant and dynamic culture conditions converging the advantages of microfluidic platforms with multi-spheroid array technologies.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Purpose: Nanomaterials for antimicrobial applications have gained interest in recent years due to the increasing bacteria resistance to conventional antibiotics. Wound sterilization, water treatment and surface decontamination all avail from multifunctional materials that also possess excellent antibacterial properties, eg zinc oxide (ZnO). Here, we assess and compare the effects of synthesized hedgehog-like ZnO structures and commercial ZnO particles with and without mixing on the inactivation of bacteria on surfaces and in liquid environments. Methods: Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria in microbial culture medium were added to reverse spin bioreactors that contained different concentrations of each ZnO type to enable dynamic mixing of the bacteria-ZnO suspensions. Optical density of the bacteria-ZnO suspensions was measured in real-time and the number of viable bacteria after 24 h exposure was determined using standard microbiological techniques. The concentration of zinc ion generated from ZnO dissolution in different liquid types was estimated from the dynamic interaction exposure. Static antibacterial tests without agitation in liquid media and on agar surface were performed for comparison. Results: A correlation between increasing ZnO particle concentration and reduction in viable bacteria was not monotonous. The lowest concentration tested (10 µg/mL) even stimulated bacteria growth. The hedgehog ZnO was significantly more antibacterial than commercial ZnO particles at higher concentrations (up to 1000 µg/mL tested), more against E. coli than S. aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration in microwell plates was correlated with those results. No inhibition was detected for any ZnO type deposited on agar surface. Zinc ion release was greatly suppressed in cultivation media. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that ZnO needles can pierce membrane of bacteria whereas the commercial ZnO nanoparticles rather agglomerate on the cell surface. Conclusion: The inhibition effects are thus mainly controlled by the interaction dynamics between bacteria and ZnO, where mixing greatly enhances antibacterial efficacy of all ZnO particles. The efficacy is modulated also by ZnO particle shapes, where hedgehog ZnO has superior effect, in particular at lower concentrations. However, at too low concentrations, ZnO can stimulate bacteria growth and must be thus used with caution.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• biomimetické materiály chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• ježkovití * MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• oxid zinečnatý chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The author presents a summary of current safety standards for allogeneic and xenogeneic biological skin grafts. The fundamental document relevant to allogeneic transplants, establishing the minimal level of safety guaranteed in European Union states, is the European Parliament and Council Directive (2004/23/EC) from March 31st 2004. This Directive determines that grafts will be prepared by a licensed or accredited tissue bank, and that this arrangement must be put in place by the member states within 2 years. In the Czech Republic licensing of tissue banks took place immediately after issuance of the Directive. Licensing was also a condition for product reimbursement by insurance companies. To gain a licence, tissue banks had to fulfil many safety criteria associated with screening of living or deceased donors for health suitability, providing traceability of the donor–recipient route, prevention of secondary and cross-contamination during processing and storage of the harvested tissues, proof of product microbiology check up, and cold chain control. The Tissue Bank of the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové is one of the two tissue banks that gained the broader type of ‘multifunctional’ licence and was granted registration number MTB 006. Obtaining the licence was facilitated by completion of a new workplace project conceived as a combination of cryogenic and clean-room technology. Currently, this tissue bank prepares cryopreserved dermoepidermal and dermal grafts as well as amnion and chorioamnion grafts. All tissue banks will have to renew their licences again according to the conditions established by a new law about human tissues and cells which is currently in preparation. Neither the Directive of the European Parliament nor the Transplantation Law of the Czech Republic regulates the issue of xenografts. Since availability of allogeneic biological covers is limited, it is significant that the WHO perspective on the use of xenogeneic biological covers, as established in 2005, is positive. This attitude should also be taken in the Czech Republic. The directives of the European Union pertinent to medical devices of biological origins can be applied only to devitalized tissues – and moreover, the domestic pig is not on the risk animal list. The author presumes that to guarantee safe use of viable xenografts it is necessary to follow the general principles of quality control as applied in the workplace for many years, as well as general medicinal product safety principles, including strict veterinary control of breed of animals whose tissues are used for the preparation of xenografts.

• MeSH
• Evropská unie MeSH
• kryoprezervace metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přenos infekční nemoci prevence a kontrola   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• tkáňové banky normy   organizace a řízení   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• transplantace kůže metody   trendy   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• transplantace tkání metody   trendy   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• informační systémy MeSH
• lékařská informatika MeSH
• lékařství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• lékařská informatika