PURPOSE: The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a comparison of several countries with different legislation and approaches to pharmacovigilance and to point out how these impact the number of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that are reported to national competent authorities. METHODS: Legislative and statistical data regarding ADR reporting from various national competent authorities' websites, databases, and pharmacovigilance centers were used. In combination with the WHO pharmacovigilance quantitative indicator that was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of particular national pharmacovigilance systems in our scope. RESULTS: The study compared pharmacovigilance systems in six countries, focusing on ADR reporting from 2010 onwards. All countries required MAHs to report ADRs, while healthcare professionals' obligations varied. Per-capita ADR reports increased in all countries with available data, with the United States having a significantly higher reporting rate, possibly due to FDA campaigns. Despite starting later, China's per-capita reporting rate surpassed that of the Czech Republic and Japan. The study highlighted various measures taken by countries to enhance ADR reporting systems since the inception of their programs, contributing to the overall increase in reporting rates. CONCLUSIONS: ADR reporting is a global priority, with efforts made by different countries to strengthen their pharmacovigilance systems. Some success can be seen in gradually improving per-capita ADR reporting rates. The varying reporting rates and measures taken by each country may serve as a basis for further research and exchange of best practices to improve drug safety monitoring worldwide.
Závěrečná práce NCONZO
1 svazek : grafy, tabulky ; 30 cm +
- MeSH
- chorobopisy - počítačové systémy MeSH
- digitální technologie MeSH
- elektronické předepisování MeSH
- lékařská informatika MeSH
- nemocniční informační systémy MeSH
- nemocniční komunikační systémy MeSH
- poskytování zdravotní péče metody trendy MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- telemedicína MeSH
- virtuální realita MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- Počítačová věda. Výpočetní technika. Informační technologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné práce
ÚZ : úplné znění ; 1597
384 stran ; 24 cm
Publikace obsahuje plné znění aktuálních českých zákonů a právních předpisů, které se týkají e-government (elektronické vlády), elektornické komunikace a kybernetické bezpečnosti. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- elektronická pošta zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- informační systémy zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- státní správa MeSH
- ukládání a vyhledávání informací zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- zabezpečení počítačových systémů zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veřejná správa
- NLK Obory
- právo, zákonodárství
- státní správa
- NLK Publikační typ
- zákony
- právní předpisy
Závěrečná práce NCONZO
1 svazek : grafy, tabulky ; 30 cm + 1 CD
- MeSH
- automatizované zpracování dat MeSH
- chorobopisy - počítačové systémy MeSH
- dokumentace metody normy MeSH
- elektronické zdravotní záznamy MeSH
- nelékařská zdravotnická povolání MeSH
- postoj k počítačům MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sběr dat metody MeSH
- ukládání a vyhledávání informací metody MeSH
- zdravotničtí pracovníci MeSH
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- Teorie systémů. Automatické systémy. Informační systémy. Kybernetika
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy
- Klíčová slova
- informační a komunikační technologie,
- MeSH
- informační systémy MeSH
- internet MeSH
- on-line systémy MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- výchova dítěte MeSH
- vývoj dítěte MeSH
- Check Tag
- předškolní dítě MeSH
Research on the external physical load on elite youth soccer players during the weekly training microcycle in competitive periods and official matches is limited. The aims of this study were twofold: a) investigate possible differences in external physical load (PL) across player positions in U17 elite youth soccer players during official matches; b) determine the weekly training to match physical load ratio (WTMLr) across player positions. The sample included 20 outfield players from an elite soccer academy (mean age 15.94 ± 0.25 years) playing in four positions: central defender (CD), full-back (FB), central midfielder (CM) and Striker (S). Data were collected during the spring in-season period for 17 official matches played in a 4-3-3 game format. Indicators of external physical load monitored were: total distance (TD); total distance in high-speed running (HSR; > 16.1 km.h-1); total distance in sprint running (SPR; > 21.6 km.h-1); and relative physical load intensity (%HSR). The WTMLr was calculated for TD, HSR, SPR and %HSR as the ratio of the average weekly sum of training PL to the average sum of PL in an official match for a given players' position. Collectively, the training intensity during a one-week microcycle (%HSR in WTMLr) achieved only 76 % of match demands. CD performed significantly lower in all measured indicators of external PL during the official match than all other positions (p < 0.05; g > 0.80) except for TD in S. S achieved significantly higher SPR during official matches compared to CD (p < 0.05; g > 0.80), CM, and FB (g > 0.80). In contrast, CD reported higher WTMLr (medium-large effect size) in HSR and SPR indicators than all other positions. CM performed significantly higher %HSR in WTMLr than S and FB (p < 0.05; g > 0.80). Results revealed insufficient training intensity relative to match demands and, at the same time, weekly training PL did not meet match demands (especially in HSR and SPR) for players across the different positions. Therefore, practitioners should select appropriate training methods (drills and games) to ensure sufficient training intensity (HSR and SR metrics) and consider using the WTMLr, which can be used to help optimise and individualise training PL for different player positions.
Large-scale biorepositories and databases are essential to generate equitable, effective, and sustainable advances in cancer prevention, early detection, cancer therapy, cancer care, and surveillance. The Mutographs project has created a large genomic dataset and biorepository of over 7,800 cancer cases from 30 countries across five continents with extensive demographic, lifestyle, environmental, and clinical information. Whole-genome sequencing is being finalized for over 4,000 cases, with the primary goal of understanding the causes of cancer at eight anatomic sites. Genomic, exposure, and clinical data will be publicly available through the International Cancer Genome Consortium Accelerating Research in Genomic Oncology platform. The Mutographs sample and metadata biorepository constitutes a legacy resource for new projects and collaborations aiming to increase our current research efforts in cancer genomic epidemiology globally.
- MeSH
- banky biologického materiálu MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- genomika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * diagnóza MeSH
- poskytování zdravotní péče MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Among medical specialties, laboratory medicine is the largest producer of structured data and must play a crucial role for the efficient and safe implementation of big data and artificial intelligence in healthcare. The area of personalized therapies and precision medicine has now arrived, with huge data sets not only used for experimental and research approaches, but also in the "real world". Analysis of real world data requires development of legal, procedural and technical infrastructure. The integration of all clinical data sets for any given patient is important and necessary in order to develop a patient-centered treatment approach. Data-driven research comes with its own challenges and solutions. The Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability (FAIR) Guiding Principles provide guidelines to make data findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable to the research community. Federated learning, standards and ontologies are useful to improve robustness of artificial intelligence algorithms working on big data and to increase trust in these algorithms. When dealing with big data, the univariate statistical approach changes to multivariate statistical methods significantly shifting the potential of big data. Combining multiple omics gives previously unsuspected information and provides understanding of scientific questions, an approach which is also called the systems biology approach. Big data and artificial intelligence also offer opportunities for laboratories and the In Vitro Diagnostic industry to optimize the productivity of the laboratory, the quality of laboratory results and ultimately patient outcomes, through tools such as predictive maintenance and "moving average" based on the aggregate of patient results.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- big data * MeSH
- individualizovaná medicína metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poskytování zdravotní péče MeSH
- umělá inteligence * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- digitální technologie MeSH
- digitální zdraví MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- konsensuální konference jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mobilní aplikace MeSH
- práva pacientů zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- přístup pacientů ke zdravotnickým záznamům MeSH
- telemedicína MeSH
- zdravotnické informační systémy * organizace a řízení zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
