Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is a mitochondrial, biotin-containing enzyme catalyzing the ATP-dependent synthesis of oxaloacetate from pyruvate and bicarbonate, with a critical anaplerotic role in sustaining the brain metabolism. Based on the studies performed on animal models, PC expression was assigned to be glia-specific. To study PC distribution among human neural cells, we probed the cultured human astrocytes and brain sections with antibodies against PC. Additionally, we tested the importance of PC for the viability of cultured human astrocytes by applying the PC inhibitor 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (CPD). Our results establish the expression of PC in mitochondria of human astrocytes in culture and brain tissue and also into a subpopulation of the neurons in situ. CPD negatively affected the viability of astrocytes in culture, which could be partially reversed by supplementing media with malate, 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, or pyruvate. The provided data estimates PC expression in human astrocytes and neurons in human brain parenchyma. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of PC is vital for sustaining the viability of cultured astrocytes.

• MeSH
• astrocyty * metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina pyrohroznová metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek metabolismus   MeSH
• neurony metabolismus   MeSH
• pyruvátkarboxylasa * metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with increasing incidence. Recent evidences suggest glial cells involvement in autism pathophysiology. S100B is a calcium binding protein, mainly found in astrocytes and therefore used as a marker of their activity. In our study, children with autism had higher plasma concentrations of S100B compared to non-autistic controls. No association of S100B plasma levels with behavioral symptoms (ADI-R and ADOS-2 scales) was found. Plasma S100B concentration significantly correlated with urine serotonin, suggesting their interconnection. Correlation of plasma S100B levels with stool calprotectin concentrations was found, suggesting not only brain astrocytes, but also enteric glial cells may take part in autism pathogenesis. Based on our findings, S100B seems to have a potential to be used as a biomarker of human neurodevelopmental disorders, but more investigations are needed to clarify its exact role in pathomechanism of autism.

• MeSH
• autistická porucha krev   moč   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• feces chemie   MeSH
• leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• S-100 kalcium vázající protein G, podjednotka beta krev   MeSH
• serotonin moč   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Ďalšie vzdelávanie zdravotníckych pracovníkov je potrebné prakticky vo všetkých vedných odboroch zdravotníctva, nevynímajúc verejné zdravotníctvo. Na zabezpečenie kontinuity ďalšieho vzdelávania bolo potrebné stanoviť podmienky pre ďalšie vzdelávanie zdravotníckych pracovníkov v špecializačných odboroch v oblasti verejného zdravotníctva. Vzhľadom na danú skutočnosť bolo nevyhnutné pristúpiť k vypracovaniu a následnému schváleniu právnych predpisov a ďalších dokumentov týkajúcich sa ďalšieho vzdelávania zdravotníckych pracovníkov. Tieto právne predpisy a ďalšie dokumenty sa počas rokov postupne dopĺňali a novelizovali. Ďalšie vzdelávanie zdravotníckych pracovníkov na Slovensku v súčasnosti upravuje Nariadenie vlády SR č. 296/2010 Z. z. o odbornej spôsobilosti na výkon zdravotníckeho povolania, spôsobe ďalšieho vzdelávania zdravotníckych pracovníkov, sústave špecializačných odborov a sústave certifikovaných pracovných činností s účinnosťou od 1. júla 2010 a odborne a metodicky ho riadi Ministerstvo zdravotníctva SR. Toto vzdelávanie zahŕňa špecializačné štúdium, prípravu na výkon práce v zdravotníctve a sústavné vzdelávanie.

Ongoing education of health professionals is needed in all health disciplines, including public health. To ensure continuity of further education in health professionals it was necessary to establish several conditions for the further education of health professionals in specialized areas of public health. In view of all that, it was necessary to elaborate and approve legislation and other documents relating to the continuing education of health professionals. That legislation and other documents have been complemented and revised over the years. Currently, further education of health professionals in Slovakia is governed by Government Regulation No. 296/2010 Coll. on professional competence to perform the medical profession, on the method of further education of health professionals, on the system of specialized disciplines and on the system of certifited work activities with effectiveness from 1 July 2010, and is professionally and methodically managed by the Ministry of Health. This additional training in the field of public health includes specialization studies, preparation for work in health care and continuing education.

• MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• kontinuální vzdělávání lékařů dějiny   organizace a řízení   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví - vzdělávání odborné dějiny   organizace a řízení   trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

The aging of our population represents a most significant demographic change. It represents important challenges and consequences for the nation's economic, social, and health institutions and for the health and well-being of older persons and their families. Old people over 60 are now the most rapidly growing segment of the population and represent 20% of all Slovak inhabitants. Because of the high prevalence of morbidity and disability among the elderly they are the most important consumers of health care and social care services, both extramural and intramural. Long-term care is a relatively closed system of health care and social care services. Initially, long-term care policies were formulated as a response to ageing of the population, which brought about growing needs of elderly people for social care and health care, and was associated with relatively rapid increases of necessary costs. All industrial countries are facing similar problems when it comes to the integration of long-term care. In developed countries, current long-term care focuses on all age groups in need of assistance and support from others due to the limitations caused by their state of health. Long-term care within the public services system does not exist in Slovakia.

• MeSH
• dlouhodobá péče metody   organizace a řízení   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• Evropská unie MeSH
• reforma zdravotní péče ekonomika   metody   trendy   MeSH
• sociální péče ekonomika   trendy   MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• vyspělé země ekonomika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zdravotní služby pro seniory ekonomika   organizace a řízení   trendy   MeSH