Aterosklerózou podmíněná kardiovaskulární onemocnění (ASKVO) představují hlavní příčinu morbidity a mortality nejen v České republice, ale také globálně. Ze jejich hlavní, tedy kauzální rizikový faktor (RF) je považován cholesterol nesený částicemi obsahujícími apolipoprotein B (apoB), tj. převážně částicemi LDL. Jakkoli je věnována stále větší pozornost inovativním léčebným postupům, ukazuje se, že za nedostatečnou kontrolou dyslipidemie (DLP) stojí často nonadherence k léčbě či (bohužel) lékařská inercie. Cílem multicentrické retrospektivní průřezové studie bylo zmapování kontroly DLP a léčebných strategií ve skupině pacientů ve vysokém či velmi vysokém kardiovaskulárním (KV) riziku, a to na pracovištích ambulantních kardiologů/internistů. Celkem bylo do studie zařazeno 450 pacientů – 80 % ve velmi vysokém KV-riziku a 12,7 % v KV-riziku vysokém; zbylá procenta zaujímali chybně zařazení probandi. Pouze 19,4 % velmi vysoce KV-rizikových nemocných, respektive 28,1 % vysoce rizikových, dosahovalo cílových hodnot LDL-cholesterolu (LDL-C). Více než 60 % ošetřujících kardiologů (navzdory doporučeným postupům) preferovalo pomalou (opatrnou) titraci dávky hypolipidemik; pouze 17 % kliniků indikovalo promptní úpravu zavedené terapie (navýšení dávky, změnu preparátu či přidání dalšího léku) k dosažení redukce LDL-C. Překvapujícím zjištěním bylo, že přes 60 % lékařů bylo spokojeno s dosavadní léčbou, a to i přes to, že nebylo dosaženo cílových hodnot lipidových parametrů. Je zřejmá velmi pozvolná (bohužel neuspokojivá) penetrace doporučených postupů do klinické praxe. Lze tedy předpokládat, že při maximálním využití v současnosti dostupných léčebných možností bude u velké části pacientů docíleno uspokojivé kontroly DLP, a to s minimem dalších nákladů.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality not only in the Czech Republic but also globally. Cholesterol carried by apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing particles, i.e. predominantly LDL particles, is considered to be their major, i.e. causal, risk factor (RF). Although increasing attention is being paid to innovative therapies, it appears that nonadherence to treatment or (unfortunately) medical inertia is often behind the lack of control of dyslipidemia (DLP). The aim of this multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study was to map DLP control and treatment strategies in a group of patients at high or very high cardiovascular (CV) risk, in outpatient cardiologists/internists’ offices. A total of 450 patients were enrolled in the study-80% at very high CV risk and 12.7% at high CV risk; the remaining percentages were misclassified probands. Only 19.4% and 28.1% of the very high CV-risk and high-risk patients, respectively, achieved target LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. More than 60% of the treating cardiologists (despite recommended practices) preferred slow (cautious) dose titration of hypolipidemic agents; only 17% of clinicians indicated prompt modification of established therapy (dose increase, change of preparation, or addition of another drug) to achieve LDL-C reduction. A surprising finding was that over 60% of clinicians were satisfied with the current treatment, despite not achieving target lipid parameters. A very slow (unfortunately unsatisfactory) penetration of the recommended procedures into clinical practice is evident. Thus, it can be assumed that with maximum use of currently available treatment options, satisfactory control of DLP will be achieved in a large proportion of patients with minimal additional costs.

• MeSH
• adherence k farmakoterapii statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dyslipidemie etiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• hypolipidemika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * etiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol * krev   účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the most commonly diagnosed mitochondrial disorder, resulting in colour vision abnormalities and rapid but painless deterioration of central vision. While numerous studies have assessed the impact of LHON on the quality of life (QoL) of LHON patients, the financial impact of the disease remains unexplored. This study attempts to calculate both the direct non-medical costs and the indirect costs associated with productivity losses experienced by people with LHON and their unpaid caregivers in Slovenia, in addition to assessing their QoL. Due to the rarity of the disease, the study involved a small sample size, which is important to note for interpreting the results. METHODS: The analysis was conducted on nine adult participants diagnosed with LHON, representing one-third of the total number of known Slovenian patients with this condition. To thoroughly assess the economic and social impact of LHON, tailored questionnaires were designed to collect information on demographics, socioeconomic status, LHON severity, and associated non-medical and indirect costs. RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was 48.8 years (SD 13.3; n = 9). The annual productivity loss attributable to LHON, taking both absenteeism and relative presenteeism into account, was calculated to be EUR 11,608 per person affected. The mean VFQ-25 score, a measure of vision-related quality of life, for adult LHON patients was 30.4 (SD 12.9). CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the significant economic and social burden of LHON on patients and their families. Ensuring prompt, accurate diagnosis, access to treatment, financial support, and psychological counselling and services are critical to helping individuals cope with and mitigate the profound challenges of vision loss and living with LHON.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• Leberova atrofie zrakového nervu * ekonomika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobní újma zaviněná nemocí MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovinsko MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the most frequent mitochondrial disease causing dyschromatopsia and progressive central visual loss that is subacute in progression and painless. Several studies have been published assessing QoL in patients with LHON, but no estimate of the economic burden has been reported to date. This study aims to quantify direct non-medical and indirect costs (productivity loss) incurred by LHON patients and their informal caregivers in Czechia and Slovakia, as well as to assess their quality of life. METHODS: The study was performed in 27 adults and children with LHON. To determine the socioeconomic burden of LHON, separate questionnaires for adults, children, and their parents were developed, including demographic and socioeconomic data. The following data were collected: age, education, family size, severity of LHON, non-medical direct and indirect costs of LHON. RESULTS: The mean age of adult respondents was 36.1 years (SD 13.1; n = 21). The total cost of absenteeism was EUR 1003 per person/year in adult employees, and EUR 2711 per person/year in children's parents. The productivity loss as a consequence of LHON due to combined relative absenteeism and relative presenteeism was estimated at EUR 9840 per an adult patient/year, and EUR 6298 per a parent/year, respectively. The mean cost of informal care was estimated at EUR 4502 (SD 4772; n = 6) per person/year. The mean VFQ-25 score for adult patients with LHON was 43.47 (SD 15.86). CONCLUSION: The results of this study clearly show that patients with LHON and their families face an extensive socioeconomic burden related to this rare disease. Early, timely and appropriate access to diagnosis, treatment, and reimbursement decisions, but also to psychological counselling and services may help the patients and their relatives adapt and cope with the challenging aspects of vision loss and life with the disease.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Inhaled corticosteroids have been widely reported as a preventive measure against the development of severe forms of COVID-19 not only in patients with asthma. METHODS: In 654 Czech and Slovak patients with asthma who developed COVID-19, we investigated whether the correct use of inhaler containing corticosteroids was associated with a less severe course of COVID-19 and whether this had an impact on the need for hospitalisation, measurable lung functions and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: Of the studied cohort 51.4% had moderate persistent, 29.9% mild persistent and 7.2% severe persistent asthma. We found a significant adverse effect of poor inhaler adherence on COVID-19 severity (p=0.049). We also observed a lower hospitalisation rate in patients adequately taking the inhaler with OR of 0.83. Vital capacity and forced expiratory lung volume deterioration caused by COVID-19 were significantly reversed, by approximately twofold to threefold, in individuals who inhaled correctly. CONCLUSION: Higher quality of inhalation technique of corticosteroids measured by adherence to an inhaled medication application technique (A-AppIT) score had a significant positive effect on reversal of the vital capacity and forced expiratory lung volume in 1 s worsening (p=0.027 and p<0.0001, respectively) due to COVID-19. Scoring higher in the A-AppIT was also associated with significantly improved QoL. All measured variables concordantly and without exception showed a positive improvement in response to better adherence. We suggest that corticosteroids provide protection against the worsening of lungs in patients with COVID-19 and that correct and easily assessable adherence to corticosteroids with appropriate inhalation technique play an important role in preventing severe form of COVID-19.

• MeSH
• bronchiální astma * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• usilovný výdechový objem MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Dyslipidemias are defined as a wide range of abnormalities of the lipid profile. Treatment guidelines recommend aiming at lowering LDL-C. We investigated the adherence of Czech cardiologists to the dyslipidaemia treatment guidelines, especially in the management of patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk. In this retrospective cross-sectional multicentric study data from medical records of 450 adults with ASCVD, enrolled between June 2021 and January 2022, were analysed. Demographics, clinical outcomes, medical history, LLT treatment and other medications were collected. The physicians were to include patients at a very high risk of ASCVD and to complete a general questionnaire on their personal therapeutic preferences. Objectively assessed, only 80% of total patients (N = 450) enrolled in the study were at very high risk of ASCVD, and 12.7% of patients were at high risk of ASCVD, respectively. In total, 55 (13.1%) patients were diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia, and 39.1% of them had a positive family history of ASCVD. Generally, only 20.5% of patients reached the 2019 LDL-C goals- 19.4% of very high risk patients and 28.1% of high risk patients, respectively. 61% of the physicians preferred a slow and careful up-titration of the dose, which is contradictory to the guidelines. Only 17% of the physicians increased the statin dose or added/combined/changed the treatment to achieve the LDL-C goals as soon as possible. Surprisingly, in up to 61.5% of patients at very high risk who did not meet the LDL-C goals, their physicians stated subjective satisfaction with the treatment and considered no change needed. Among very high and high risk patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy, with high treatment adherence, the LDL-C goal attainment is very low and LLT utilization is rather sub-optimal. Improving observance of the guidelines by physicians bears a substantial potential for LDL-C goal attainment and thus improving overall benefit for patients for no additional costs.

• MeSH
• cíle MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dyslipidemie * farmakoterapie   diagnóza   MeSH
• hypolipoproteinemie * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * prevence a kontrola   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• statiny * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH