Sborník prací, které se zaměřily na pandemii COVID-19 a její společenské aspekty. Určeno široké veřejnosti.; Sborník textů předních osobností české medicíny ale i společenskovědního světa věnující se covidu v kontextu zralého přístupu k této nemoci a souvisejících společenských aspektů.Skupinu autorů spojuje klidný, racionální a paniku nešířící přístup k tématu; nepřítomnost ambicí zneužít tohoto tématu k jakýmkoli svým vlastním politickým, akademickým či byznysovým výnosům a efektům; hledání rozumného přístupu politiky a zdravotnictví nejen k nemoci jako takové, ale i k odvrácené straně rozsáhlých plošných restrikcí a odmítání spikleneckých a konspiračních teorií vzniku epidemie. Do knihy svými texty přispěli Václav Klaus, Jiří Beran, Jan Pirk, Pavel Kolář, Cyril Höschl, Roman Šmucler, Jan Žaloudík, Pavel Bém, Vladimír Čížek, Aleš Franc, Miroslav Macek, Vít Mareček, Vladimír Pikora, Lukáš Pollert, Michal Semín, Jan Skopeček, Jaroslav Svoboda, Aleš Valenta, Jiří Weigl a Petr Winkler.

• MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• ekonomika MeSH
• kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
• sociologické faktory MeSH
• veřejná politika MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• populární práce MeSH
• sborníky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• sociologie
• epidemiologie

Publikace se zaměřuje na hodnocení ekonomických aspektů péče o duševní zdraví v Česku. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• duševní zdraví ekonomika   MeSH
• hodnocení programu ekonomika   MeSH
• náklady na zdravotní péči MeSH
• služby péče o duševní zdraví ekonomika   MeSH
• výdaje na zdravotnictví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• ekonomie, ekonomika, ekonomika zdravotnictví
• psychiatrie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

• MeSH
• myšlení MeSH
• psychologická teorie MeSH
• psychoterapie MeSH
• spiritualita MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Psychologie
• NLK Obory
• psychologie, klinická psychologie
• psychoterapie
• NLK Publikační typ
• studie

• MeSH
• hráčství ekonomika   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• náklady na zdravotní péči MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Sociální problémy vyžadující podporu a pomoc. Sociální zabezpečení
• NLK Obory
• sociologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• studie

Evidence is scarce in terms of tracking the progress of implementation of mental healthcare plans and policies (MHPPs) in Europe, we aimed to map and analyze the content of MHPPs across the WHO European region. We collected data from the WHO Mental Health Atlas 2011, 2017 and 2020 to map the development of MHPPs in the region. We contacted 53 key informants from each country in the European region to triangulate the data from WHO Mental Health Atlases and to obtain access to the national mental health plans and policies. We analyzed the content of MHPPs against the four major objectives of the WHO Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan, and we also focused on the specificity and measurability of their targets. The number and proportion of countries which have their own MHPPs has increased from 30 (52%) to 43 (91%) between 2011 and 2020. MHPPs are generally in line with the WHO policy, aiming to strengthen care in the community, expand mental health promotion and illness prevention activities, improve quality of care, increase intersectoral collaboration, build workforce and system capacity, and improve adherence to human rights. However, specific, and measurable targets as well as a description of concrete steps, responsibilities and funding sources are mostly missing. They often contain very little information systems, evidence and research, and mostly lack information on evaluating the implementation of MHPPs. Progress has been made in terms of the development of MHPPs in the WHO Europe. However, MHPPs are often lacking operationalization and appropriate data collection for evaluation. This is then reflected in missing evaluation plans, which in turn leads to lessons not being learned. To enhance the potential for knowledge generation and demonstration of impact, MHPPs should be more specific and contain measurable targets with allocated responsibilities and funding as well as evaluation plans.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The Roma are Europe's largest ethnic minority group, and often face discrimination and social exclusion. Social strife and lack of access to healthcare are associated with increased symptoms of psychopathology. We aimed to review evidence on mental health outcomes and on access to mental healthcare among the Roma population in Europe. We systematically searched five databases (PsycINFO, Global Health, Social Policy and Practice, Web of Science and PubMed) and conducted a grey literature search in August 2020. We identified 133 studies, 26 of which were included for final analysis. We present the results using a narrative synthesis. The available literature indicates a relatively high prevalence of anxiety, depression and substance abuse among Roma, and females seem to be more affected than males. Roma children exhibit more externalizing and internalizing disorders when compared with non-Roma children. Mental health and perceived well-being among the Roma population are strongly linked to social determinants of health such as housing or economic income. Access to mental healthcare is limited for Roma people because of several barriers pertaining to language, lack of information regarding available services, and the insurance and economic status of Roma people. Roma people report mainly negative experiences with mental health services, including a lack of understanding from healthcare providers, and instances of racism and discrimination. There is a need for more research on mental health and access to healthcare in Roma people. Future studies should be participatory in order to provide guidelines for mental healthcare that addresses the needs of the Roma population.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dostupnost zdravotnických služeb MeSH
• duševní zdraví MeSH
• etnicita psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• menšiny MeSH
• Romové * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests reduced survival rates following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in people with preexisting mental disorders, especially psychotic disorders, before the broad introduction of vaccines. It remains unknown whether this elevated mortality risk persisted at later phases of the pandemic and when accounting for the confounding effect of vaccination uptake and clinically recorded physical comorbidities. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We used data from Czech national health registers to identify first-ever serologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in 5 epochs related to different phases of the pandemic: 1st March 2020 to 30th September 2020, 1st October 2020 to 26th December 2020, 27th December 2020 to 31st March 2021, 1st April 2021 to 31st October 2021, and 1st November 2021 to 29th February 2022. In these people, we ascertained cases of mental disorders using 2 approaches: (1) per the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes for substance use, psychotic, affective, and anxiety disorders; and (2) per ICD-10 diagnostic codes for the above mental disorders coupled with a prescription for anxiolytics/hypnotics/sedatives, antidepressants, antipsychotics, or stimulants per the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification codes. We matched individuals with preexisting mental disorders with counterparts who had no recorded mental disorders on age, sex, month and year of infection, vaccination status, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). We assessed deaths with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and from all-causes in the time period of 28 and 60 days following the infection using stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for matching variables and additional confounders. The number of individuals in matched-cohorts ranged from 1,328 in epoch 1 to 854,079 in epoch 5. The proportion of females ranged from 34.98% in people diagnosed with substance use disorders in epoch 3 to 71.16% in individuals diagnosed and treated with anxiety disorders in epoch 5. The mean age ranged from 40.97 years (standard deviation [SD] = 15.69 years) in individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders in epoch 5 to 56.04 years (SD = 18.37 years) in people diagnosed with psychotic disorders in epoch 2. People diagnosed with or diagnosed and treated for psychotic disorders had a consistently elevated risk of dying with COVID-19 in epochs 2, 3, 4, and 5, with adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) ranging from 1.46 [95% confidence intervals (CIs), 1.18, 1.79] to 1.93 [95% CIs, 1.12, 3.32]. This patient group demonstrated also a consistently elevated risk of all-cause mortality in epochs 2, 3, 4, and 5 (aHR from 1.43 [95% CIs, 1.23, 1.66] to 1.99 [95% CIs, 1.25, 3.16]). The models could not be reliably fit for psychotic disorders in epoch 1. People diagnosed with substance use disorders had an increased risk of all-cause mortality 28 days postinfection in epoch 3, 4, and 5 (aHR from 1.30 [95% CIs, 1.14, 1.47] to 1.59 [95% CIs, 1.19, 2.12]) and 60 days postinfection in epoch 2, 3, 4, and 5 (aHR from 1.22 [95% CIs, 1.08, 1.38] to 1.52 [95% CIs, 1.16, 1.98]). Cases ascertained based on diagnosis of substance use disorders and treatment had increased risk of all-cause mortality in epoch 2, 3, 4, and 5 (aHR from 1.22 [95% CIs, 1.03, 1.43] to 1.91 [95% CIs, 1.25, 2.91]). The models could not be reliably fit for substance use disorders in epoch 1. In contrast to these, people diagnosed with anxiety disorders had a decreased risk of death with COVID-19 in epoch 2, 3, and 5 (aHR from 0.78 [95% CIs, 0.69, 0.88] to 0.89 [95% CIs, 0.81, 0.98]) and all-cause mortality in epoch 2, 3, 4, and 5 (aHR from 0.83 [95% CIs, 0.77, 0.90] to 0.88 [95% CIs, 0.83, 0.93]). People diagnosed and treated for affective disorders had a decreased risk of both death with COVID-19 and from all-causes in epoch 3 (aHR from 0.87 [95% CIs, 0.79, 0.96] to 0.90 [95% CIs, 0.83, 0.99]), but demonstrated broadly null effects in other epochs. Given the unavailability of data on a number of potentially influential confounders, particularly body mass index, tobacco smoking status, and socioeconomic status, part of the detected associations might be due to residual confounding. CONCLUSIONS: People with preexisting psychotic, and, less robustly, substance use disorders demonstrated a persistently elevated risk of death following SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout the pandemic. While it cannot be ruled out that part of the detected associations is due to residual confounding, this excess mortality cannot be fully explained by lower vaccination uptake and more clinically recorded physical comorbidities in these patient groups.

• MeSH
• Betacoronavirus MeSH
• COVID-19 * mortalita   epidemiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy * epidemiologie   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• koronavirové infekce mortalita   epidemiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pandemie * MeSH
• příčina smrti MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• virová pneumonie mortalita   epidemiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Stigmatizace duševních onemocnění je v České republice stále rozšířená. Iniciativa NA ROVINU vznikla v rámci implementace reformy péče o duševní zdraví a zaměřuje se na vytvoření destigmatizačních vzdělávacích programů pro šest předdefinovaných cílových skupin: uživatelé služeb péče o duševní zdraví, jejich rodinní příslušníci, zdravotníci, poskytovatelé sociálních služeb, úřady veřejné správy a komunity, které jsou v těsné blízkosti nově vybudovaných komunitních center pro duševní zdraví. Pro vytvoření konkrétních programů byla provedena situační analýza. Ta zahrnovala prozkoumání potřeb u každé cílové skupiny, mapování současných a minulých destigmatizačních programů v České republice a přehled světové literatury. Na základě toho byly vytvořeny a následně pilotovány programy pro každou cílovou skupinu. Za účelem evaluace byla sbírána kvalitativní a kvantitativní data. Kvalitativní data ve formě skupinových diskusí ukázala, že programy jsou přijatelné a použitelné pro dané cílové skupiny. Také na základě shromážděných kvalitativních údajů byly do programů implementovány změny. Implementace programů probíhá i nadále.

Stigma related to mental health is still widespread in the Czech Republic. The ON THE LEVEL initiative was created as part of the ongoing implementation of the mental health care reform in the Czech Republic and focuses on creating destigmatizing educational programs for six predefined target groups: users of mental health services, their family members, health professionals, social service providers, public office employees and communities that are in close proximity to the newly built community mental health centers. A situational analysis was undertaken to create the specific programs. This included an examination of the needs of each target group, a mapping of current and past destigmatization programs in the Czech Republic, and an overview of world literature. Based on this, programs were created and subsequently piloted for each target group. At the same time, qualitative and quantitative data were collected for evaluation purposes. Qualitative data in the form of focus group observations showed that the programs are acceptable and applicable to the target groups. On the basis of collected qualitative data, necessary changes were made to the programs. Implementation of programs is still ongoing.

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate fidelity in first episode psychosis (FEP) teams in Czechia and to gage the feasibility and utility of the process in a mental health system that is undergoing a transformation. METHODS: Fidelity assessment was conducted using The First Episode Psychosis Services Fidelity Scale (FEPS-FS). Fidelity assessment was based on a review of data abstracted from the health records of active clients, program documents, administrative data, and interviews with members of staff. The mean scores were compared across the teams. Feasibility and utility were assessed by program response to their fidelity results. RESULTS: Three FEP teams were involved in the fidelity assessment. Across the 35 items, the mean fidelity score ranged from 2.5 to 3.1. Across the FEP teams, the percentage of the 35 items rated as 4 or 5 (satisfactory or exemplary) ranged from 34.3% to 51.4%. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided an opportunity to implement FEPS-FS and assess fidelity in FEP teams in Czechia. The fidelity assessment also provided a baseline for measuring change.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• psychotické poruchy * diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Mental health policies and plans (MHPPs) are important policy instruments and powerful tools to facilitate development of mental health systems and services across the world. We aimed to map and analyse methods and tools used to assess the extent, process and impact of implementing MHPPs. We systematically searched peer-reviewed and grey literature across seven scientific databases. We extracted and analysed the data on a) the characteristics of included studies (e.g., policy areas, region of origin, income setting) and b) the methodology and evaluation tools applied to assess the extent and process of implementation. We included 48 studies in the analyses. Twenty-six of these studies employed only qualitative methods (e.g., semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, desk review, stakeholder consultations); 12 studies used quantitative methods (e.g., trend analysis, survey) and 10 used mixed-methods approaches. Generally, methods and tools used for assessment were described poorly with less than half of the studies providing partial or full details about them. Only three studies provided assessment of full policies. There is a lack of rigorous research to assess implementation MHPPs. Assessments of the implementation of entire MHPPs are almost non-existent. Strategies to assess the implementation of MHPPs should be an integral part of MHPPs.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH