Aim: To determine the relationship between perceived satisfaction with childbirth and perceived autonomy in decision making during the childbirth process. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study took place within the international INTERSECT project. Data were collected in four hospitals in Slovakia. The research group consisted of 437 female respondents (average age 30.5 ± 4.8). Birth Satisfaction was measured by the Birth Satisfaction Scale - Revised (BSS-R). Level of autonomy in decision making during childbirth was measured by the Mothers' Autonomy in Decision Making Scale (MADM). Results: Respondents who perceived a higher level of autonomy in decision making during childbirth perceived higher overall satisfaction with childbirth (p = 0.001, r = 0.416). Higher age of mothers was also associated with higher birth satisfaction (p = 0.004, r = 0.139). Almost 17% of respondents perceived their childbirth to be a traumatic event. Respondents described lower levels of satisfaction with childbirth (p = 0.001) and lower levels of autonomy in decision making during childbirth (p = 0.002) if they subjectively perceived their childbirth as traumatic. Significant associations for the BSS-R score were also demonstrated regarding parity (p = 0.001), mode of delivery (p = 0.001), and type of delivery (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The involvement of the mother in the decision-making process of her own birth is a fundamental aspect of healthcare during childbirth and overall satisfaction with the birth.

• MeSH
• komplikace porodu psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobní autonomie * MeSH
• porod * psychologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie metody   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rozhodování MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů * MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vztahy mezi zdravotnickým pracovníkem a pacientem MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Introduction: The objective of this article is to analyse the determinants of risky behaviour of school children and their impact on early sexual initiation, considering differences between sexes. Methods: The paper analyses the results of the HBSC international study conducted in Slovakia in 2018. A total of 1,293 schoolchildren (81.8% response rate) participated in the study. 15-year-old adolescents were assessed. Differences between boys and girls were also analysed. Results: In the 2018 data collection, the occurrence of underage sexual intercourse was more common among boys (17%) than girls (11.3%). Overall, 94.3% of children reported not having smoked and not having had an early sexual experience. Conversely, 26.1% of the children who admitted having smoked, had had sex. As for alcohol consumption, 19.2% of the pupils who had drunk alcohol reported early sexual initiation but, in a statistically significant indicator, up to 34.1% of adolescents who had had sexual intercourse were in a state of drunkenness at the time. Conclusion: To some extent, experimentation and risky behaviours in adolescence are socially acceptable. However, the timing of adolescents' first sexual intercourse can have an impact on their health and mental well-being. There is a need to recognise and monitor possible determinants that may lead to their risky sexual activities. There is also a clear and pressing need for legislative standards. Paediatric care and nursing play a vital role in the primary prevention of risk activities.

• MeSH
• koitus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikový sex MeSH
• sexuální chování * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• zdravotně rizikové chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyse Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data on a prevalence of tobacco use, indicators of tobacco control and pro-tobacco activities in Czechia and Slovakia between 2002 and 2016. METHODS: GYTS is a school-based survey of students aged 13-15 years carried out in Czechia and Slovakia in 2002/2003, 2007, 2011 and 2016. Standardized uniform questionnaires provided representative data. RESULTS: Between 2002 and 2016 the current cigarette smoking declined both in Czechia and Slovakia (from 34.6% and 26.4% to 15.2% and 17.1%, respectively). Indicators of tobacco control activities either did not change (access to buy cigarettes by minors) or decreased (school-based and mass media interventions). Indicators of pro-tobacco activities declined (being ever offered by a free tobacco product and having something with a tobacco product brand logo on it). CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use is on decline and the situation becomes similar to the most of European countries. Preventive activities are only partially responsible for the process. Rather effect of global trends accelerated by widespread use of social media can play a role.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• tabák * MeSH
• tabákové výrobky * MeSH
• užívání tabáku epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

Aim: To explore associations between expectations regarding birth (including mode of delivery) and experience of the previous birth among multiparous women. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: A specially designed questionnaire was used to explore subjective perceptions of previous births. We also used the standardized questionnaire of birth-related fear (W-DEQ). Descriptive statistics and the ANOVA test, chi-square test, and Student t-test were used. The research group consisted of 111 pregnant women with a mean age of 31 (± 3.58) years. Results: Most women preferred cesarean section as a mode of delivery (63.1%). Women who preferred cesarean section less frequently considered experiencing every stage of the birth to be an advantage of vaginal delivery. They more often perceived pelvic floor damage as a disadvantage of vaginal delivery (p = 0.000), and shorter delivery time as an advantage of cesarean section (p = 0.048). Significant fear of childbirth was confirmed in 25.2% of respondents. We found statistical significance between cesarean section preference and increased fear of childbirth (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Focusing on the impact of childbirth on the psychological state of a woman, should be one of the priorities of midwives to reduce fear of subsequent labor and prevent serious mental health issues.

• MeSH
• císařský řez MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• porod * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• strach MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze changes in incidence of sexual experience in 15-year-old Slovak adolescents between 2006-2018, and use of protection against unwanted pregnancy. Design: A series of cross-sectional school questionnaires. Methods: Data were obtained from an international study of Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) on a representative sample of Slovakian schoolchildren through an anonymous standardized questionnaire to assess the health-related behavior of adolescents. For the analysis, we used data from 15-year-old adolescents from 2006 (n = 1,252), 2010 (n = 1,568), 2014 (n = 1,549), and 2018 (n = 1,293) regarding their experience of sexual intercourse and use of contraceptive methods. Results: During the observed period, there were no significant changes in the prevalence of sexually active adolescents, except for an increase in 2014 (11.7% in 2006; 12.1% in 2010; 16.1% in 2014; and 14.3% in 2018). The most frequently used method of contraception was a condom, which was used by 42.4% of sexually active respondents in 2014, and as many as 74.5% of sexually active respondents in 2010. Hormonal contraception was used by 3.3% of sexually active girls in 2006, compared to 23.4% of sexually active girls in 2010. Conclusion: The results showed that the incidence of early sexual intercourse in Slovakian adolescents did not change significantly during the period 2006 to 2018, and the situation remains relatively favorable compared to other European countries. On the other hand, there was insufficient use of contraception in sexually active adolescents.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sexuální chování * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Aim: To find the level of support and assistance provided to mothers shortly after birth, and the amount of information on breastfeeding provided to them by health professionals. Design: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. Methods: The data were collected in two maternity hospitals in central Slovakia between June 2019 and the end of January 2020. The sample consisted of 200 women after childbirth. The standardised Questionnaire for Breastfeeding Mother was used. Results: During hospital stay, 54% of mothers reported exclusive breastfeeding, and 14% stated no forms of breast milk substitute were provided. The first contact with the newborn lasted an hour or more for 11% of the mothers, and 48% were allowed some degree of bonding through skin-to-skin contact. Only 37.5% of the mothers were given breastfeeding assistance within six hours of the birth. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) between type of delivery and the time when mothers were first allowed contact and skin-to-skin contact with newborns. Conclusion: The results indicate insufficient adherence to breastfeeding interventions, particularly in connection with surgical delivery. It is essential to pay more attention to assistance with breastfeeding, and to follow the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative recommendations (BFHI).

• MeSH
• kojení * MeSH
• laktace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhražky mateřského mléka MeSH
• péče orientovaná na pacienta MeSH
• poporodní období MeSH
• vztahy mezi matkou a dítětem MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Prítomnosť podpornej osoby pri pôrode zvyšuje kvalitu zdravotníckej starostlivosti, zlepšuje pôrodnícke výsledky a zvyšuje spokojnosť žien s pôrodom. Hlavným cieľom štúdie bolo zistiť celkovú spokojnosť rodičiek s činnosťami, ktoré vykonávala podporná osoba počas pôrodu. Spokojnosť rodičiek sa hodnotila v štyroch základných oblastiach podpory: fyzickej, psychickej, emocionálnej a informačnej. Metodika: Ide o prierezovú (cross-sectional) štúdiu. Výskumná vzorka pozostávala zo 166 žien, ktoré mali podpornú osobu pri pôrode. K zisťovaniu dát bol použitý neštandardizovaný dotazník na zisťovanie spokojnosti žien v štyroch základných oblastiach podpory: fyzickej, psychickej, emocionálnej a informačnej. Analyzovala sa úroveň spokojnosti s vykonávanými aktivitami. Výsledky potvrdili, že najčastejšou podpornou osobou pri pôrode bol partner ženy (156 žien; 94 %). Hoci niektoré aktivity podporné osoby nevykonávali alebo ženy neboli spokojné s ich vykonávaním, potvrdila sa vysoká úroveň spokojnosti v štyroch základných oblastiach podpory: fyzickej, psychickej, emocionálnej a informačnej (od p = 0,00000 po p = 0,00468). Záver: Respondentky vyjadrili vysokú mieru spokojnosti s činnosťami podpornej osoby. Zistené výsledky však predikujú tvrdenie, že prítomnosť podpornej osoby, prevažne partnera pri pôrode, je pre ženu dôležitejšia ako samotné činnosti, ktoré tieto osoby vykonávajú.

The presence of a support person during birth increases the quality of health care, improves birth outcomes and increases women's satisfaction with birth. The main objective of this study was to ascertain the overall satisfaction of women with the activities performed by a support person during birth. The satisfaction was assessed in the four key areas of support: physical, psychological, emotional and informational. Methods: The study has a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 166 women who had a support person during birth. A non-standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on women's satisfaction in the four basic areas of specific activities provided by support persons: physical, psychological, emotional and informational. A satisfaction level with performed activities was analysed. The findings showed a woman's partner was the most frequent support person (156 women; 94%). However, some of the activities were not performed by support persons or the women were not satisfied with their performance. A high level of satisfaction was found in physical, psychological, emotional and informational support (from p = 0.00468 to p < 0.00001). Conclusions: The respondents expressed a high level of satisfaction with the activities of the support person. However, the results indicate that the presence of the support persons themselves, mostly a partner, during birth is more important for women than the activities provided by them.

Cíle: Studie analyzuje trendy nadváhy a obezity u slovenských adolescentů ve věku 11, 13 a 15 let od roku 2006 do roku 2014. Metodika: Studie využívá údaje ze studie „Zdravé chování dětí ve školním věku“ shromážděné v letech 2006, 2010 a 2014 na Slovensku. Analyzovali jsme údaje z reprezentativního vzorku o 10 615 dospívajících. Index tělesné hmotnosti (BMI) byl vypočítán na základě vlastní hmotnosti a výšky. Standardy WHO pro růst dítěte byly použity ke kategorizaci věkových a pohlavních specifických bodů BMI, tj. normální hmotnosti, nadváhy a obezity. Výsledky: Prevalence nadváhy a obezity mezi slovenskými adolescenty v letech 2006 až 2014 se pohybovala v rozmezí 2,0 % (11leté dívky v roce 2006) a 15,9 % (15letí chlapci v roce 2010). V letech 2006 až 2010 se výrazně zvýšila téměř ve všech podskupinách, s výjimkou 11letých dívek; 13letí a 15letí chlapci dominovali ve všech třech průzkumech. Závěry: Pozoruhodný nárůst nadváhy a obezity u slovenských dospívajících může být spojen se současným poklesem fyzické aktivity. Předpokládáme, že tyto změny odrážejí rozšíření screen aktivit, zejména informačních technologií. Tyto změny zdůrazňují potřebu účinných preventivních opatření zaměřených na adolescenty.

Objectives: The study analyses trends of overweight and obesity among Slovak adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 years from 2006 to 2014. Methods: The study employs data from the Health Behaviour in School Aged Children study collected in 2006, 2010 and 2014 in Slovakia. We analysed the data from the representative sample of 10,615 adolescents. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the selfreported weight and height. WHO Child Growth Standards were used to categorise age and gender specific BMI cut-off points as normal weight, overweight and obese. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Slovak adolescents from 2006 to 2014 ranged between 2.0% (11-year old girls in 2006) and 15.9% (15-year old boys in 2010). It increased significantly from 2006 to 2010 in almost all subgroups, except in 11-year old girls. 13 and 15-year old boys dominated above girls in all three surveys. Conclusions: The remarkable increase of overweight and obesity in Slovak adolescents can be associated with a simultaneous decline of physical activity. We assume these changes reflect the expansion of screen-based activities, namely information technologies. These changes highlight a need for effective preventive measures focused on adolescents.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nadváha * epidemiologie   MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• MeSH
• porodní asistentky dějiny   trendy   výchova   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH