Q88165325
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BACKGROUND: Understanding the temporal variability of the microbiome is critical for translating associations of the microbiome with health and disease into clinical practice. The aim of this study is to assess the extent of temporal variability of the human urinary microbiota. A pair of urine samples were collected from study participants at 3-40-month interval. DNA was extracted and the bacterial V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The alpha diversity of paired samples was analyzed using Chao1 and Shannon indices and PERMANOVA was used to test the factors influencing beta diversity. RESULTS: A total of 63 participants (43 men and 20 women with a mean age of 63.0 and 57.1 years, respectively) were included in the final analysis. An average of 152 ± 128 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in each urine sample from the entire cohort. There was an average of 41 ± 32 overlapping OTUs in each sample pair, accounting for 66.3 ± 29.4% of the relative abundance. There was a clear correlation between the number of overlapping OTUs and the relative abundance covered. The difference in Chao1 index between paired samples was statistically significant; the difference in Shannon index was not. Beta diversity did not differ significantly within the paired samples. Neither age nor sex of the participants influenced the variation in community composition. With a longer interval between the collections, the relative abundance covered by the overlapping OTUs changed significantly but not the number of OTUs. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated that, while the relative abundance of dominant bacteria varied, repeated collections generally shared more than 60% of the bacterial community. Furthermore, we observed little variation in the alpha and beta diversity of the microbial community in human urine. These results help to understand the dynamics of human urinary microbiota and enable interpretation of future studies.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota * genetika MeSH
- moč * mikrobiologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
Hrbáček J, Hanáček V, Tláskal V, Saláková M, Čermák P, Tachezy R, Zachoval R. Detekce mikrobiomu horních močových cest u pacientů s urolitiázou: studie proveditelnosti. Cíl: Zjistit, zda existuje mikrobiální osídlení horních močových cest (HMC) a pokud ano, tak liší-li se od mikrobiomu dolních močových cest (DMC). Materiál a metoda: Soubor tvoří pacienti podstupující endoskopický operační zákrok v anestezii pro litiázu HMC. Moč z močového měchýře byla odebrána aseptickou katetrizací, z HMC cystoskopicky zavedeným ureterálním katétrem. Po izolaci DNA byla bakteriální 16S rDNA sekvenována na platformě Illumina MiSeq a získaná data zpracována příslušnými bioinformatickými nástroji. Část izolované DNA byla využita k detekci virových nukleových kyselin pomocí kvantitativní polymerázové řetězové reakce (qPCR). Párové vzorky vždy z HMC a DMC byly porovnány z hlediska struktury bakteriálního společenstva a přítomnosti vybraných DNA virů. Výsledky: Zařazeno bylo devět pacientů (8 mužů a 1 žena) průměrného věku 49,7 let, z nichž u osmi byla provedena sekvenace bakteriálních nukleových kyselin a u sedmi qPCR na přítomnost sedmi běžných DNA virů. Bohatost a diverzita mikrobiomu (alfa diverzita) HMC a DMC nebyla statisticky významně odlišná. Struktura mikrobiálních komunit z HMC a DMC (beta diverzita) vykázala větší podobnost v rámci jednoho pacienta, než byla podobnost všech vzorků HMC, resp. všech vzorků DMC. Virová DNA byla detekována jak v HMC, tak v DMC. Závěr: Výsledky naší pilotní studie poukazují na přítomnost bakteriálního a virového osídlení horních močových cest u pacientů s urolitiázou.
Hrbáček J, Hanáček V, Tláskal V, Saláková M, Čermák P, Tachezy R, Zachoval R. Profiling upper urinary tract microbiota: a feasibility study in patients with urinary stone disease. Aim: To investigate the putative existence of upper urinary tract microbiota and if present, to compare the microbial communities from the kidney with those in the urinary bladder. Patients and Methods: Patients were undergoing endoscopic procedures under anesthesia for upper urinary tract stones. Bladder urine was obtained by aseptic catheterisation, renal urine samples were collected via ureteric catheter inserted into the renal pelvis under cystoscopic and radiographic guidance. Pairwise comparison of urine samples from the same individual were made with regard to their bacteriome and virome. Results: A total of nine patients (8 males, 1 female) provided both samples for analysis. Next-generation sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rDNA using primers 515F and 806R was performed on eight of them and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the presence of viral nucleic acids of seven common DNA viruses was performed on seven of them. There were no significant differences in alpha diversity measures (number of OTUs, iChao1, ACE, Shannon and Simpson indices) of samples from the kidney and bladder from the same individual. Likewise, microbial communities from the upper and lower urinary tract within the same individual were more similar to each other than samples within the respective group (e.g. all kidney samples). Viral nucleic acids were detected in the upper as well as lower urinary tract. Conclusion: Upper urinary tracts seem to be inhabited by microbial communities whose composition resembles that of the lower urinary tract.
- Klíčová slova
- Human microbiome, upper urinary tract, virome, kidney, urinary bladder, Lidský mikrobiom, horní močový trakt, virom, ledvina, močový měchýř,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- močové ústrojí * mikrobiologie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- sekvenční analýza MeSH
- studie proveditelnosti MeSH
- urolitiáza mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
BACKGROUND: Since the discovery of the human urinary microbiota (UM), alterations in microbial community composition have been associated with various genitourinary conditions. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine possible associations of UM with clinical conditions beyond the urinary tract and to test some of the conclusions from previous studies on UM. METHODS: Catheterised urine samples from 87 men were collected prior to endoscopic urological interventions under anaesthesia. The composition of the bacterial community in urine was characterized using the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Samples from 58 patients yielded a sufficient amount of bacterial DNA for analysis. Alpha diversity measures (number of operational taxonomic units, ACE, iChao2, Shannon and Simpson indices) were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Beta diversity (differences in microbial community composition) was assessed using non-metric dimensional scaling in combination with the Prevalence in Microbiome Analysis algorithm. RESULTS: Differences in bacterial richness and diversity were observed for the following variables: age, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking status and single-dose preoperative antibiotics. Differences in microbial community composition were observed in the presence of chronic kidney disease, lower urinary tract symptoms and antibiotic prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: UM appears to be associated with certain clinical conditions, including those unrelated to the urinary tract. Further investigation is needed before conclusions can be drawn for diagnostics and treatment.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common disease of the oral mucosa, and it has been recently associated with bacterial and fungal dysbiosis. To study this link further, we investigated microbial shifts during RAS manifestation at an ulcer site, in its surroundings, and at an unaffected site, compared with healed mucosa in RAS patients and healthy controls. We sampled microbes from five distinct sites in the oral cavity. The one site with the most pronounced differences in microbial alpha and beta diversity between RAS patients and healthy controls was the lower labial mucosa. Detailed analysis of this particular oral site revealed strict association of the genus Selenomonas with healed mucosa of RAS patients, whereas the class Clostridia and genera Lachnoanaerobaculum, Cardiobacterium, Leptotrichia, and Fusobacterium were associated with the presence of an active ulcer. Furthermore, active ulcers were dominated by Malassezia, which were negatively correlated with Streptococcus and Haemophilus and positively correlated with Porphyromonas species. In addition, RAS patients showed increased serum levels of IgG against Mogibacteriumtimidum compared with healthy controls. Our study demonstrates that the composition of bacteria and fungi colonizing healthy oral mucosa is changed in active RAS ulcers, and that this alteration persists to some extent even after the ulcer is healed.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The evolutionary and environmental factors that shape fungal biogeography are incompletely understood. Here, we assemble a large dataset consisting of previously generated mycobiome data linked to specific geographical locations across the world. We use this dataset to describe the distribution of fungal taxa and to look for correlations with different environmental factors such as climate, soil and vegetation variables. Our meta-study identifies climate as an important driver of different aspects of fungal biogeography, including the global distribution of common fungi as well as the composition and diversity of fungal communities. In our analysis, fungal diversity is concentrated at high latitudes, in contrast with the opposite pattern previously shown for plants and other organisms. Mycorrhizal fungi appear to have narrower climatic tolerances than pathogenic fungi. We speculate that climate change could affect ecosystem functioning because of the narrow climatic tolerances of key fungal taxa.
Soil microorganisms are important mediators of carbon cycling in nature. Although cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading bacteria have been isolated from Algerian ecosystems, the information on the composition of soil bacterial communities and thus the potential of their members to decompose plant residues is still limited. The objective of the present study was to describe and compare the bacterial community composition in Algerian soils (crop, forest, garden, and desert) and the activity of cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes. Bacterial communities were characterized by high-throughput 16S amplicon sequencing followed by the in silico prediction of their functional potential. The highest lignocellulolytic activity was recorded in forest and garden soils whereas activities in the agricultural and desert soils were typically low. The bacterial phyla Proteobacteria (in particular classes α-proteobacteria, δ-proteobacteria, and γ-proteobacteria), Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria dominated in all soils. Forest and garden soils exhibited higher diversity than agricultural and desert soils. Endocellulase activity was elevated in forest and garden soils. In silico analysis predicted higher share of genes assigned to general metabolism in forest and garden soils compared with agricultural and arid soils, particularly in carbohydrate metabolism. The highest potential of lignocellulose decomposition was predicted for forest soils, which is in agreement with the highest activity of corresponding enzymes.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace enzymologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- celulasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- glykosidhydrolasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Alžírsko MeSH
Dead wood represents an important pool of organic matter in forests and is one of the sources of soil formation. It has been shown to harbour diverse communities of bacteria, but their roles in this habitat are still poorly understood. Here, we describe the bacterial communities in the dead wood of Abies alba, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica in a temperate natural forest in Central Europe. An analysis of environmental factors showed that decomposing time along with pH and water content was the strongest drivers of community composition. Bacterial biomass positively correlated with N content and increased with decomposition along with the concurrent decrease in the fungal/bacterial biomass ratio. Rhizobiales and Acidobacteriales were abundant bacterial orders throughout the whole decay process, but many bacterial taxa were specific either for young (<15 years) or old dead wood. During early decomposition, bacterial genera able to fix N2 and to use simple C1 compounds (e.g. Yersinia and Methylomonas) were frequent, while wood in advanced decay was rich in taxa typical of forest soils (e.g. Bradyrhizobium and Rhodoplanes). Although the bacterial contribution to dead wood turnover remains unclear, the community composition appears to reflect the changing conditions of the substrate and suggests broad metabolic capacities of its members.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- buk (rod) mikrobiologie MeSH
- dřevo mikrobiologie MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- houby klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- jedle mikrobiologie MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- mikrobiota genetika MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- smrk mikrobiologie MeSH
- stromy mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
The decomposition of dead plant biomass contributes to the carbon cycle and is one of the key processes in temperate forests. While fungi in litter decomposition drive the chemical changes occurring in litter, the bacterial community appears to be important as well, especially later in the decomposition process when its abundance increases. In this paper, we describe the bacterial community composition in live Quercus petraea leaves and during the subsequent two years of litter decomposition. Members of the classes Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant throughout the experiment. Bacteria present in the oak phyllosphere were rapidly replaced by other taxa after leaf senescence. There were dynamic successive changes in community composition, in which the early-stage (months 2-4), mid-stage (months 6-8) and late-stage (months 10-24) decomposer communities could be distinguished, and the diversity increased with time. Bacteria associated with dead fungal mycelium were important during initial decomposition, with sequence relative abundances of up to 40% of the total bacterial community in months 2 and 4 when the highest fungal biomass was observed. Cellulose-decomposing bacteria were less frequent, with abundance ranging from 4% to 15%. The bacterial community dynamics reflects changes in the availability of possible resources either of the plant or microbial origin.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- celulosa metabolismus MeSH
- dub (rod) metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- houby klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- koloběh uhlíku fyziologie MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiota genetika MeSH
- mycelium metabolismus MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
