Tylosa Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- Klíčová slova
- SYNTOSTIGMIN, TYLOSA-SYNTOSTIGMIN,
- MeSH
- anesteziologie MeSH
- aplikace intranazální MeSH
- atropin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- skopolamin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Při magistraliter přípravě slizů a gelů se v praxi nejčastěji používají deriváty celulosy, želatina a karbomery. Tento článek je věnován derivátům celulosy. Jsou uvedeny lékopisné a nejznámější obchodní názvy, základní fyzikálně-chemické vlastnosti, hodnoty viskozity 2% vodných disperzí, dispergační techniky a uvedeny příklady chybných receptur dosud se vyskytujících v praxi. Deriváty celulosy by měly být označeny lékopisným, nikoli obchodním názvem a do lékárny dodány s deklarovanou hodnotou viskozity a dalšími vlastnostmi, důležitými pro technologické zpracování do léčivého přípravku. Lékárník by měl modifikovat složení předepsaného přípravku, co se týká pomocných látek, a zvolit takový postup přípravy, aby pacient dostal nejen lék účinný a stabilní, ale i lék o konzistenci vhodné pro předepsaný způsob dávkování a aplikace.
Cellulose derivatives, gelatin, and carbomers are the most used excipients for extemporaneous preparation of mucilages and gels. This article discusses the cellulose derivatives. The pharmacopoeial and best known brand names, the essential physico-chemical properties, viscosity values of 2 % water dispersions, dispersion techniques are specified, also some examples of the wrong prescriptions still used in practice are mentioned. Cellulose derivatives should be named according the pharmacopoeia, not using the brand name, and delivered to the pharmacy with a declared value of viscosity, furthermore other characteristics important for compounding of mucilages and gels. Regarding the excipients the pharmacist should modify the prescriptions and choose such procedure of compounding to get not only the effective and stable drug, but also the preparation of the consistency suitable for the prescribed method of dispensing and way of application.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of tylosin in rats. Tylosin was administered orally to pubertal male and female rats at concentrations of 0.005, 0.2, 10 and 200 mg/kg b.w. for 6 weeks. The overall body and organ weights were recorded. Serum levels of immunoglobulins, haematological values, histopathological lesions in different organs, and gene expression profiles in pituitary glands were investigated. The mean platelet volume was increased, and the monocyte count was decreased significantly in both male and female rats treated with tylosin. Compared to the untreated control, alanine transaminase in both types of rats and total serum bilirubin in female rats were increased significantly with the administration of tylosin (200 mg/kg), however, lactate dehydrogenase in female rats was decreased. The levels of immunoglobulin M were reduced in both male and female rats but immunoglobulin G levels were significantly reduced only in female rats which were treated with tylosin. Cell proliferation- and adhesion-associated genes were expressed more but apoptosis gene expressions were decreased in the pituitary gland of tylosin-treated rats. In conclusion, this study revealed that the use of tylosin at therapeutic dosage is possibly not completely safe.
