Several studies have reported on application of cellulose particles for stabilizing Pickering emulsions (PE). Here we employ an original approach that involves using these particles as a part of advanced composite colloids made of conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) or nanofibrils (CNF). PANI/cellulose particles were prepared using oxidative polymerization of aniline in situ in the presence of CNC or CNF. The type and amount of celluloses (CNC vs CNF) and concentration of precursors (aniline monomer and oxidant) used in the reaction determined properties of the colloidal particles, such as size, morphology and content of PANI. The particles demonstrated intriguing biological characteristics, including no cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, antioxidant activity and related immunomodulatory activity. For the first time, such composites were used to successfully stabilize oil-in-water PE with undecane or capric/caprylic triglyceride oils. The properties of the emulsions were determined by the PANI/cellulose particles and oil used. The key finding of the study is the demonstrated ability of PANI/cellulose particles to stabilize PE, as well as the excellent antioxidant activity and ROS scavenging action originating from PANI presence, indicating potential of such systems for use in biomedicine, particularly for wound healing.
Hydrogel based matrices and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are well established materials in bone tissue engineering. Nevertheless, there is still a challenge to design appropriate composites with enhanced mechanical properties and improved cell growth. Progressing in this direction, we synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels by impregnating TiO2 NPs in a chitosan and cellulose-based hydrogel matrix containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), to enhance the mechanical stability and swelling capacity. Although, TiO2 has been incorporated into single and double component matrix systems, it has rarely been combined with a tri-component hydrogel matrix system. The doping of NPs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Our results showed that incorporation of TiO2 NPs improved the tensile properties of the hydrogels significantly. Furthermore, we performed biological evaluation of scaffolds, swelling degree, bioactivity assessment, and hemolytic tests to prove that all types of hydrogels were safe for use in the human body. The culturing of human osteoblast-like cells MG-63 on hydrogels showed better adhesion of cells in the presence of TiO2 and showed increasing proliferation with increasing amount of TiO2. Our results showed that the sample with the highest TiO2 concentration, CS/MC/PVA/TiO2 (1 %) had the best biological properties.
- MeSH
- celulosa farmakologie MeSH
- chitosan * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- hydrogely farmakologie chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanočástice * chemie MeSH
- polyvinylalkohol chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Wound dressing materials fabricated using biocompatible polymers have become quite relevant in medical applications, and one such material is bacterial cellulose (BC) with exceptional properties in terms of biocompatibility, high purity, crystallinity (∼88%), and high water holding capacity. However, the lack of antibacterial activity slightly restricts its application as a wound dressing material. In this work, polycaprolactone (PCL) was first impregnated into the BC matrix to fabricate flexible bacterial cellulose-based PCL membranes (BCP), which was further functionalized with antibiotics gentamicin (GEN) and streptomycin (SM) separately, to form wound dressing composite scaffolds to aid infectious wound healing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results confirmed the presence of characteristic PCL and cellulose peaks in the composite scaffolds at 1720 cm-1, 3400 cm-1, and 2895 cm-1, respectively, explaining the successful interaction of PCL with the BC matrix, which is further corroborated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the formation of highly crystalline BCP films (∼86%). In vitro studies of the BC and BCP scaffolds against baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells revealed their cytocompatible nature; also the wettability studies indicated the hydrophilicity of the developed scaffolds, qualifying the main criterion in wound dressing applications. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) of the drug loaded scaffolds showed the presence of sulfur in the composites. The prepared scaffolds also exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The release profiles initially indicated a burst release (6 h) followed by controlled release of GEN (∼42%) and SM (∼58%) from the prepared scaffolds within 48 h. Hence, these results interpret that the prepared drug-functionalized cellulosic scaffolds have great potential as a wound dressing material in biomedical applications.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria MeSH
- celulosa * farmakologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli MeSH
- hojení ran MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- obvazy * MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In the field of tissue engineering, much research has been devoted to the surface topography of conductive materials. However, less work has been carried out on how the electrical stimulation of such materials influences nerve regeneration. Here, we investigated the effect of electrical stimulation on randomly- and uniaxially-aligned polypyrrole-coated cellulose acetate butyrate (PPy/CAB) nanofibers. First, SEM revealed that the conducting PPy coverage resulted in dramatic changes to the nanofiber morphology. In turn, these changes led to an increase in the sample wettability. Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of a PPy layer. Second, human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were seeded on the PPy/CAB nanofibers and stimulated by 100 mV mm-1 at 1 Hz pulses in vitro. We demonstrated that either with or without this electrical stimulation both nanofiber alignment and PPy coverage had a strong influence on cell morphology and attachment. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy revealed that the cells stimulated on PPy/CAB had longer neurite outgrowth. Collectively, our results shed light on the combined effect of scaffold morphology and external stimulation on neuronal cell behavior.
- MeSH
- buněčná adheze účinky léků MeSH
- celulosa analogy a deriváty farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nanovlákna chemie toxicita MeSH
- neurity účinky léků MeSH
- neuronální růst účinky léků MeSH
- polymery farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- pyrroly farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- smáčivost MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The synthesis of selectively oxidized cellulose, 2,3-dicarboxycellulose (DCC), is optimized for preparation of highly oxidized material for biological applications, which includes control over the molecular weight of the product during its synthesis. Conjugates of DCC and cisplatin simultaneously offer a very high drug binding efficiency (>90%) and drug loading capacity (up to 50 wt %), while retaining good aqueous solubility. The adjustable molecular weight of the DCC together with variances in drug feeding ratio allows to optimize cisplatin release profiles from delayed (<2% of cisplatin released during 6 h) to classical burst release with more than 60% of cisplatin released after 24 h. The release rates are also pH-dependent (up to 2 times faster release at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.4), which allows to exploit the acidic nature of tumor microenvironment. Extensive in vitro studies were performed on eight different cell lines for two cisplatin-DCC conjugates with different release profiles. In comparison with free cisplatin, both cisplatin-DCC conjugates demonstrated considerably lower cytotoxicity toward healthy cells. Conjugates with burst release profiles were found more effective against prostate cell lines, while DCC conjugates with slower release were more cytotoxic against ovarian and lung carcinoma cell lines. In vivo studies indicated a significantly longer survival rate, a reduction in tumor volume, and a higher accumulation of platinum in tumors of mice treated with the cisplatin-DCC conjugate in comparison to those treated by free cisplatin.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky * chemie farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- buňky NIH 3T3 MeSH
- buňky PC-3 MeSH
- celulosa * chemie farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- cisplatina * chemie farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem chemie farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí účinky léků MeSH
- nádory * farmakoterapie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Při magistraliter přípravě slizů a gelů se v praxi nejčastěji používají deriváty celulosy, želatina a karbomery. Tento článek je věnován derivátům celulosy. Jsou uvedeny lékopisné a nejznámější obchodní názvy, základní fyzikálně-chemické vlastnosti, hodnoty viskozity 2% vodných disperzí, dispergační techniky a uvedeny příklady chybných receptur dosud se vyskytujících v praxi. Deriváty celulosy by měly být označeny lékopisným, nikoli obchodním názvem a do lékárny dodány s deklarovanou hodnotou viskozity a dalšími vlastnostmi, důležitými pro technologické zpracování do léčivého přípravku. Lékárník by měl modifikovat složení předepsaného přípravku, co se týká pomocných látek, a zvolit takový postup přípravy, aby pacient dostal nejen lék účinný a stabilní, ale i lék o konzistenci vhodné pro předepsaný způsob dávkování a aplikace.
Cellulose derivatives, gelatin, and carbomers are the most used excipients for extemporaneous preparation of mucilages and gels. This article discusses the cellulose derivatives. The pharmacopoeial and best known brand names, the essential physico-chemical properties, viscosity values of 2 % water dispersions, dispersion techniques are specified, also some examples of the wrong prescriptions still used in practice are mentioned. Cellulose derivatives should be named according the pharmacopoeia, not using the brand name, and delivered to the pharmacy with a declared value of viscosity, furthermore other characteristics important for compounding of mucilages and gels. Regarding the excipients the pharmacist should modify the prescriptions and choose such procedure of compounding to get not only the effective and stable drug, but also the preparation of the consistency suitable for the prescribed method of dispensing and way of application.
Stereospecific nucleation of mesoporous hybrid microspheres composed of CaCO3 and carrageenan was appended to one side of bacterial cellulose membrane synthesized in static cultures of Gluconacetobacter hansenii to develop an implantable drug delivery device. The synthesis of the hybrid microparticles proceeds by self-assembly mechanism in the presence of calcium and contains tailorable amounts of doxorubicin. However, in the absence of the particles, doxorubicin was distributed along the BC film, but without control release of drug. Infrared spectroscopy, confocal and scanning electron microscopies analyses demonstrate that the doxorubicin is entrapped inside the hybrid particles with approximately 80% drug loading compared to the 11% obtained for native bacterial cellulose. Doxorubicin content in the hybrid particles can be increased by a factor of 10 (from 258.6 to 2586.3 nmol ml−1), and also by the quantities of particles regulated by the CaCO3–carrageenan content and the physicochemical microenvironment. The hybrid BC system can be considered as smart device since the kinetic release of doxorubicin from the hybrid cellulose system rise from 1.50 to 2.75 μg/membrane/day when the pH decreases from 7.4 to 5.8 at 37 °C, a pathologic simulated environment. The hybrid microparticle system can be potentially used as an implantable drug delivery system for personalized oncological therapies.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- bakteriální polysacharidy biosyntéza farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum metody trendy MeSH
- celulosa * biosyntéza farmakologie MeSH
- doxorubicin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie metody využití MeSH
- Gluconacetobacter růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- individualizovaná medicína metody trendy využití MeSH
- karagenan * biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
- konfokální mikroskopie metody využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanokompozity chemie mikrobiologie využití MeSH
- spektrofotometrie infračervená metody využití MeSH
- statistika jako téma metody MeSH
- systémy cílené aplikace léků metody využití MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- uhličitan vápenatý * chemická syntéza metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The cytotoxicity and in vitro effects of six variously modified types of cellulose (OC--oxidized cellulose, NaOC--oxidized cellulose sodium salt, DAC--dialdehyde cellulose, CMC--carboxymethyl cellulose, MFC--microfibrilated cellulose, and MCC--microcrystalline cellulose) on the inflammatory response in macrophage-like THP-1 cells were examined, with special focus on their ability to influence gene expression and the production of TNF-α. The study provides evidence that DAC exerts a marked effect on the induction of TNF-α gene expression and its subsequent production in human macrophages. Thus, the use of DAC for anti-hemorrhagic or wound-healing therapy should be considered carefully with regard to its pro-inflammatory activity. On the contrary, MCC showed significant anti-inflammatory effects in the LPS-induced conditions, which might be beneficial for the treatment of non-healing chronic wounds, e.g., diabetic or venous ulcers.
- MeSH
- akutní monocytární leukemie MeSH
- buňky - růstové procesy účinky léků MeSH
- celulosa analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- hojení ran účinky léků imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipopolysacharidy farmakologie MeSH
- makrofágy účinky léků imunologie MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- TNF-alfa biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- tristetraprolin biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- zánět farmakoterapie imunologie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
V oblasti technologie léků nachází rozsáhlé uplatnění gelové systémy vysokomolekulárních látek, které mají řadu výhod, jako jsou nízká toxicita, dostupnost, ojedinělé fyzikální vlastnosti, biokompatibilita, mukoadhezivita a další. Gelové systémy se používají v oblasti lokální i celkové terapie, v tvarově specifických i tvarově nespecifických lékových formách, v lécích první, druhé i třetí generace. Významnou skupinu gelů, které se používají v oblasti farmacie, tvoří gely hydrofilní, neboli hydrogely, tvořené nejčastěji hydrofilními polymery přírodního, polosyntetického a syntetického původu. Přestože celulosové deriváty jako představitelé polymerů polosyntetického původu se uplatňují ve farmaceutické technologii po dlouhou dobu, v jejich výzkumu se neustává a hledají se další možnosti jejich uplatnění. Mezi jejich přednosti patří zejména bezpečnost, snadná dostupnost a relativně nízká cena. Přehledový článek popisuje vybrané celulosové deriváty, jejich vlastnosti a využití ve farmaceutické technologii se zaměřením na uplatnění v oblasti tvorby gelových systémů.
The field of drug technology widely ulilizes gel systems of high-molecular substances, which have a number of advantages, such as low toxicity, availability, unique physical properties, biocompatibility, mucoadhesivity, and others. Gel systems are used in the field of local as well as general therapy, in both shape-specific and shape-non-specific dosage forms, in medicaments of the first, second, and third generations. An important group of gels employed in pharmacy are hydrophilic gels or hydrogels, most frequently composed of hydrophilic polymers of natural, semisynthetic and synthetic origin. Though cellulose derivatives as the representatives of polymers of semisynthetic origin are used in pharmaceutical technology for a long time, their research continues and their other possible uses are being searched for. Their advantages include especially safety, easy availability, and a relatively low price. The review paper describes selected cellulose derivatives, their properties and uses in pharmaceutical technology with regard to their use in the field of production of gel systems.
- MeSH
- celulosa oxidovaná farmakologie chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- celulosa analogy a deriváty farmakologie chemie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hydrogely chemie klasifikace MeSH
- methylcelulosa farmakologie chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- PEG-DMA hydrogel chemie klasifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Při formulaci tablet je potřebné vycházet z viskoelastických parametrů použitých pomocných látek. Na jejich plasticitu a elasticitu má vliv typ vazeb formulujících se během lisovacího procesu. V této práci jsou hodnoceny viskoelastické vlastnosti vybraných plniv, určených pro přímé lisování tablet. Stanovení byly podrobeny prášková celulosa Vitacel A 300, mikrokrystalické celulosy Avicel PH 101, Avicel PH 102, Avicel PH 103, Avicel PH 200, Avicel PH 301 a Ceolus KG 802. Elasticita plniv byla hodnocena pomocí Youngova modulu pružnosti a diferenční elastické potenciální energie. Plasticita byla hodnocena pomocí relaxace napětí za použití trojexponenciální rovnice podle Maxwellova modelu. Tato metoda byla doplněna o nový originální parametr označený jako celková plasticita PT. V práci byl sledován vliv velikosti částic plniv, hustoty, obsahu vlhkosti a molekulové hmotnosti na elasticitu a plasticitu celulos. Z výsledků práce vyplynulo, že velikost částic celulos neměla vliv na elasticitu a plasticitu plniv. Se vzrůstem hustoty celulos se elasticita zvyšovala a současně plasticita snižovala. Na uvedené viskoelastické parametry měl vliv obsah vlhkosti v plnivech. Se vzrůstem množství vlhkosti v plnivech se elasticita snižovala a plasticita zvyšovala. Se zvyšováním molekulové hmotnosti celulosy se elasticita snižovala a plasticita zvyšovala.
In tablet formulation it is necessary to start from viscoelastic parameters of the excipients employed. Plasticity and elasticity of excipients are influenced by the type of bonds which are being formed in the course of the compaction process. The present paper evaluates the viscoelastic properties of selected fillers intended for direct compaction of tablets. The determinations included cellulose powder, microcrystalline celluloses Avicel PH 101, Avicel PH 102, Avicel PH 103, Avicel PH 200, Avicel PH 301, and Ceolus KG 802. Elasticity of the excipients was evaluated by means of Young’s modulus of elasticity and differential elastic potential energy. Plasticity was evaluated by means of the stress relaxation test using the three-exponential equation following Maxwell’s model. The method was supplemented with a novel original parameter, total plasticity PT. The study examined the effect of particle size of fillers, density, moisture content, and molecular weight on elasticity and plasticity of celluloses. The results of the paper revealed that particle size of celluloses did not influence elasticity and plasticity of excipients. With increasing density of celluloses, elasticity was increased and at the same time plasticity was decreased. The above-mentioned viscoelastic parameters were influenced by the content of moisture in fillers. With increasing amount of moisture in fillers, elasticity was decreased and plasticity increased. With increasing molecular weight of cellulose, elasticity was decreased and plasticity increased.
- MeSH
- celulosa farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- farmaceutická technologie metody MeSH
- farmaceutické pomocné látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- farmaceutický průmysl MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- léčivé přípravky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pružnost MeSH
- tablety farmakologie MeSH
- teoretické modely MeSH
- viskozita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
