Hydrogel based matrices and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are well established materials in bone tissue engineering. Nevertheless, there is still a challenge to design appropriate composites with enhanced mechanical properties and improved cell growth. Progressing in this direction, we synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels by impregnating TiO2 NPs in a chitosan and cellulose-based hydrogel matrix containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), to enhance the mechanical stability and swelling capacity. Although, TiO2 has been incorporated into single and double component matrix systems, it has rarely been combined with a tri-component hydrogel matrix system. The doping of NPs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Our results showed that incorporation of TiO2 NPs improved the tensile properties of the hydrogels significantly. Furthermore, we performed biological evaluation of scaffolds, swelling degree, bioactivity assessment, and hemolytic tests to prove that all types of hydrogels were safe for use in the human body. The culturing of human osteoblast-like cells MG-63 on hydrogels showed better adhesion of cells in the presence of TiO2 and showed increasing proliferation with increasing amount of TiO2. Our results showed that the sample with the highest TiO2 concentration, CS/MC/PVA/TiO2 (1 %) had the best biological properties.
- MeSH
- celulosa farmakologie MeSH
- chitosan * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- hydrogely farmakologie chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanočástice * chemie MeSH
- polyvinylalkohol chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A little is known about the link between the macromolecular architecture of dialdehyde polysaccharides (DAPs), their crosslinking capabilities, and the properties of resulting hydrogels. Here, DAPs based on cellulose, dextrin, dextran, and hyaluronate were compared as crosslinkers for poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA. The swelling, network parameters, viscoelastic properties, porosity, and cytotoxicity of PVA/DAP hydrogels were investigated concerning the crosslinker structure, molecular weight, aldehyde group density per macromolecule, and the size of spontaneously formed crosslinker nano-assemblies. Generally, crosslinkers based on linear polysaccharides (cellulose, hyaluronate) performed more reliably, while the presence of branching could be both beneficial (dextran) but also detrimental (dextrin) at lower crosslinker concentrations. For example, the hydrogel swelling differed by up to one-third (600 vs. 400%) and storage modulus even by up to one half (~7000 vs. ~3500 Pa) depending on crosslinker structure and properties. These differences were rationalized by variances in crosslinking modes derived based on obtained data.
- MeSH
- buňky NIH 3T3 MeSH
- hydrogely chemie farmakologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- polysacharidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- polyvinylalkohol chemie farmakologie MeSH
- reagencia zkříženě vázaná chemie farmakologie MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Bone tissue engineering tries to simulate natural behavior of hard tissues. This study aimed to produce scaffolds based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) with hydroxyapatite (HAp) incorporated in two different ways, by in situ synthesis and physical mixing of pre-prepared HAp. In situ synthesis resulted in calcium deficient form of HAp with lower crystallinity. The proliferation of human osteoblast-like cells MG-63 proved to be better in the scaffolds with in situ synthesized HAp compared to those with physically mixed pre-prepared HAp. For scaffolds with PVA/HA/HAp ratio 3:1:2, there was significantly higher initial adhesion (p = 0.0440), as well as the proliferation in the following days (p < 0.001). It seemed to be advantageous improve the properties of the scaffold by in situ synthesizing of HAp directly in the organic matrix.
- MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály chemie MeSH
- buněčná adheze MeSH
- hemolýza MeSH
- hydrogely chemie MeSH
- hydroxyapatit chemie MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteoblasty cytologie MeSH
- polyvinylalkohol chemie MeSH
- proliferace buněk MeSH
- testování materiálů MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství MeSH
- tkáňové podpůrné struktury chemie MeSH
- viabilita buněk MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this study was to fabricate novel microparticles (MPs) for efficient and long-term delivery of amikacin (AMI). The emulsification method proposed for encapsulating AMI employed low-molecular-weight poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic acid-co-polyethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG), both supplemented with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The diameters of the particles obtained were determined as less than 30 μm. Based on an in-vitro release study, it was proven that the MPs (both PLA/PVA- and PLA-PEG/PVA-based) demonstrated long-term AMI release (2 months), the kinetics of which adhered to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The loading efficiencies of AMI in the study were determined at the followings levels: 36.5 ± 1.5 μg/mg for the PLA-based MPs and 106 ± 32 μg/mg for the PLA-PEG-based MPs. These values were relatively high and draw parallels with studies published on the encapsulation of aminoglycosides. The MPs provided antimicrobial action against the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial strains. The materials were also comprehensively characterized by the following methods: differential scanning calorimetry; gel permeation chromatography; scanning electron microscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance; energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence; and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis. The findings of this study contribute toward discerning new means for conducting targeted therapy with polar, broad spectrum antibiotics.
- MeSH
- amikacin aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků MeSH
- Klebsiella pneumoniae účinky léků MeSH
- laktáty chemie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- nosiče léků chemie MeSH
- polyestery chemie MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly chemie MeSH
- polyvinylalkohol chemie MeSH
- příprava léků metody MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- tobolky MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Novel nanofibers mats were fabricated by electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol/hyaluronan (PVA/HA) solutions in the presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs were synthesized by in-situ chemical reduction of silver ions (Ag+) using HA as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Narrow size distribution and spherical shape of AgNPs were achieved by optimizing the initial silver nitrate concentration (0.01 to 1 M) and reaction time (10-60 min). HA-AgNPs nanocomposite and PVA/HA-AgNPs nanofibrous mats were fabricated by electrospinning technique from aqueous solution containing a different mass ratio of PVA and HA-AgNPs and characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, DLS, XRD, TGA, and ATR-FTIR. Mechanical and rheological properties were also investigated and discussed. The novel nanofibrous mats show great potential in skin regeneration and drug carrier applications.
- MeSH
- dusičnan stříbrný chemie MeSH
- elektrochemie MeSH
- ionty MeSH
- kovové nanočástice chemie MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová chemie MeSH
- nanokompozity chemie MeSH
- nanovlákna MeSH
- nosiče léků MeSH
- obvazy MeSH
- polyvinylalkohol chemie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- reologie MeSH
- rozpouštědla MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- stříbro chemie MeSH
- technologie zelené chemie * MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Aim: This study evaluates the effect of electrospun dressings in critical sized full-thickness skin defects in rabbits. Materials & methods: Electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers were tested in vitro and in vivo. Results: The PCL scaffold supported the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The PVA scaffold showed significant swelling, high elongation capacity, limited protein adsorption and stimulation of cells. Nanofibrous dressings improved wound healing compared with the control group in vivo. A change of the PCL dressing every 7 days resulted in a decreased epithelial thickness and type I collagen level in the adhesive group, indicating peeling off of the newly formed tissue. In the PVA dressings, the exchange did not affect healing. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the importance of proper dressing exchange.
- MeSH
- buňky 3T3 MeSH
- hojení ran účinky léků MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- kůže * zranění metabolismus patologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nanovlákna chemie MeSH
- obvazy * MeSH
- polyestery * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- polyvinylalkohol chemie farmakologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- tkáňová adheziva * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To improve the storage stability and reusability of various yeast strains and species by immobilization in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel particles. RESULTS: Debaryomyces hansenii, Pichia sorbitophila, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii were immobilized in PVA particles using LentiKats technology and stored in sterile water at 4 °C. The immobilization improved the survival of all species; however, the highest storage stability was achieved for S. cerevisiae and Y. lipolytica which survived more than 1 year, in contrast to free cells that survived for only 3 months. Tests of the reusability of immobilized recombinant laccase-secreting S. cerevisiae revealed that the cells were suitable for repetitive use (55 cycles during 15 months) even after storage in water at 4 °C for 9 months. A suitable method for killing immobilized laccase-secreting cells without affecting the produced enzyme activity was also developed. CONCLUSIONS: The immobilization of yeasts in PVA hydrogel enables long-term, cheap storage with very good cell viability and productivity, thus becoming a promising approach for industrial applications.
- MeSH
- biotechnologie MeSH
- buněčné kultury MeSH
- imobilizované buňky * cytologie enzymologie metabolismus MeSH
- lakasa chemie metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální viabilita MeSH
- ochrana biologická metody MeSH
- opakované použití vybavení MeSH
- polyvinylalkohol chemie MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae * cytologie enzymologie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Bio-artificial polymeric systems are a new class of polymeric constituents based on blends of synthetic and natural polymers, designed with the purpose of producing new materials that exhibit enhanced properties with respect to the individual components. In this frame, a combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan, blended with a widely used antibiotic, sodium ampicillin, has been developed showing a moderate behavior in terms of antibacterial properties. Thus, aqueous solutions of PVA at 1 wt.% were mixed with acid solutions of chitosan at 1 wt.%, followed by adding ampicillin ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 wt.% related to the total amount of the polymers. The prepared bio-artificial polymeric system was characterized by FTIR, SEM, DSC, contact angle measurements, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and antibiotic release studies. The statistical significance of the antibacterial activity was determined using a multifactorial analysis of variance with ρ < 0.05 (ANOVA). The characterization techniques did not show alterations in the ampicillin structure and the interactions with polymers were limited to intermolecular forces. Therefore, the antibiotic was efficiently released from the matrix and its antibacterial activity was preserved. The system disclosed moderate antibacterial activity against bacterial strains without adding a high antibiotic concentration. The findings of this study suggest that the system may be effective against healthcare-associated infections, a promising view in the design of novel antimicrobial biomaterials potentially suitable for tissue engineering applications.
- MeSH
- ampicilin * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- chitosan * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli růst a vývoj MeSH
- polyvinylalkohol * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Scaffolds can be considered as one of the most promising treatments for bone tissue regeneration. Herein, blends of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), and hydroxyapatite in different ratios were used to synthesize scaffolds via freeze-drying. Mechanical tests, FTIR, swelling and solubility degree, DSC, morphology, and cell viability were used as characterization techniques. Statistical significance of the experiments was determined using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with p < 0.05. Crosslinked and plasticized scaffolds absorbed five times more water than non-crosslinked and plasticized ones, which is an indicator of better hydrophilic features, as well as adequate resistance to water without detriment of the swelling potential. Indeed, the tested mechanical properties were notably higher for samples which were undergone to crosslinking and plasticized process. The presence of chitosan is determinant in pore formation and distribution which is an imperative for cell communication. Uniform pore size with diameters ranging from 142 to 519 µm were obtained, a range that has been described as optimal for bone tissue regeneration. Moreover, cytotoxicity was considered as negligible in the tested conditions, and viability indicates that the material might have potential as a bone regeneration system.
- MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- chitosan chemická syntéza chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- hydroxyapatit chemická syntéza chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteoblasty účinky léků MeSH
- polyvinylalkohol chemická syntéza chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- regenerace kostí účinky léků MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství * MeSH
- tkáňové podpůrné struktury chemie MeSH
- vývoj kostí účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This paper describes a potential environmental problem closely linked with the global production of water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Both polymers make up the components of a multitude of products commonly utilized by industries and households. Hence, such a widespread use of PVA and PVP in the industrial sector and among consumers (the concentration of PVP in urban wastewater is approximately 7 mg/L) could pose a considerable problem, particularly to the environment. To this end, many publications have recently highlighted the poor biodegradability of PVA, in principle influenced by numerous biotic and abiotic factors. Facts published on the environmental fate of PVP have been scant, basically reporting that it is a biologically resistant polymer. As a result, the commercially produced water-soluble polymers of PVA and PVP are essentially non-biodegradable and possess the capacity to accumulate in virtually all environmental media. Consequently, there is a chance of heightened risk to the very environmental constituents in which PVA and PVP accumulate, depending on the routes of entry and transformation processes underway in such constituents of the ecosystem. This assumption is confirmed by the findings of initial research, which is worrying. Herein, PVA was detected in a soil environment, while a relatively high concentration of PVP was found in river water. A review of the literature was conducted to summarize the current state of knowledge concerning the fate of PVA and PVP in various environments, thereby also discerning potential solutions to tackle such dangers. This paper proposes methods to enhance the biodegradability of materials containing such materials; for PVA this means utilizing a suitable polysaccharide, whereas for PVP this pertains to actuating applications that induce substances to degrade. Accordingly, while it is understandable that this work cannot fully address all the issues associated with polymeric xenobiotics, it can still serve as a guide to discerning an economically viable solution, and provide a foundation for further research.
