bedrock
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- MeSH
- geologie normy statistika a číselné údaje zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- minerály izolace a purifikace normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- monitorování radiace metody normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- radiometrie metody statistika a číselné údaje využití MeSH
- radionuklidy izolace a purifikace normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- radon izolace a purifikace normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- mapy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), mainly jet fuel, had taken place at the former Soviet Army air base in the Czech Republic. The remediation of large-scale petroleum contamination of soil and groundwater has provided valuable information about biosparging efficiency in the sandstone sedimentary bedrock. In 1997 petroleum contamination was found to be present in soil and groundwater across an area of 28 hectares, divided for the clean-up purpose into smaller clean-up fields (several hectares). The total estimated quantity of TPH released to the environment was about 7,000 metric tons. Biosparging was applied as an innovative clean-up technology at the site and was operated over a 10-year period (1997-2008). Importance of a variety of factors that affect bacterial activity in unsaturated and saturated zones was widely studied on the site and influence of natural and technological factors on clean-up efficiency in heavily contaminates areas of clean-up fields (initial contaminant mass 111-452 metric ton/ha) was evaluated. Long-term monitoring of the groundwater temperature has shown seasonal rises and falls of temperature which have caused a fluctuation in biodegradation activity during clean-up. By contrast, an overall rise of average groundwater temperature was observed in the clean-up fields, most probably as a result of the biological activity during the clean-up process. The significant rise of biodegradation rates, observed after air sparging intensification, and strong linear correlation between the air injection rates and biodegradation activities have shown that the air injection rate is the principal factor in biodegradation efficiency in heavily contaminated areas. It has a far more important role for achieving a biodegradation activity than the contamination content which appeared to have had only a slight effect after the removal of about 75% of initial contamination.
The purpose of the study is to determine radon-prone areas in the Czech Republic based on the measurements of indoor radon concentration and independent predictors (rock type and permeability of the bedrock, gamma dose rate, GPS coordinates and the average age of family houses). The relationship between the mean observed indoor radon concentrations in monitored areas (∼22% municipalities) and the independent predictors was modelled using a bagged neural network. Levels of mean indoor radon concentration in the unmonitored areas were predicted using the bagged neural network model fitted for the monitored areas. The propensity to increased indoor radon was determined by estimated probability of exceeding the action level of 300Bq/m(3).
- MeSH
- monitorování radiace * MeSH
- neuronové sítě * MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- radioaktivní znečištění ovzduší statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- radon analýza MeSH
- teoretické modely MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The first cross-border map describing the radon (Rn) risk from bedrock was assembled in the northern part of the Bohemian Massif at a scale 1:100 000. The map covers the area of Lausitz (Germany), Karkonosze (Czech Republic and Poland) and Jizera (Czech Republic). The map is based on 818 measurements of soil gas Rn in rock types of Precambrian to Mesozoic age with variable geology. Geographic information system (GIS) processing enabled a good coincidence of soil gas Rn concentrations between data from all three countries in lithologically adjacent rock types as well as the direct correlation to georeferenced indoor Rn values, which was tested using the Czech indoor Rn data. The method of data processing can contribute to assembling the European Geogenic Radon Map.
- MeSH
- geologie MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- radon analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Německo MeSH
It is well known that there are great variations in radon concentrations in the soil gas on building sites. The concentration may sometimes vary by more than two orders of magnitude. The tectonic structure of the bedrock is one of the factors that influence the intensity of the radon outflow. The simple ARES geophysical method [automatic resistivity system--main unit with standard accessories, multi-electrode cable sections (MCS5)--eight electrodes per 5 m spacing] was used in various modes (Schlumberger, Dipole-Dipole and Pole-Dipole arrays) for in situ tectonic structure determination. The radon concentration in the soil gas was measured using the same network as for the resistivity measurements. The radon measurements were also followed up by in situ gamma spectrometry measurements. The behaviour of the radon concentration in the soil gas was correlated with the detected tectonic non-homogeneities. This pilot study opened up new questions for future analysis.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování radiace MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- plyny analýza MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- radon analýza MeSH
- spektrometrie gama MeSH
- zeměpis MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Concentrations of uranium, thorium and rare earth elements (REE) in 36 species of ectomycorrhizal (26 samples) and saprobic (25 samples) macrofungi from unpolluted sites with differing bedrock geochemistry were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analytical results are supported by use of certified reference materials (BCR-670, BCR-667, NIST-1575a) and the reliability of the determination of uranium was verified by epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA). It appears that data recently published on these elements are erroneous, in part because of use of an inappropriate analytical method; and in part because of apparent contamination by soil particles resulting in elevated levels of thorium and REE. Macrofungi from unpolluted areas, in general, did not accumulate high levels of the investigated metals. Concentrations of uranium and thorium were generally below 30 and 125 μg kg(-1) (dry weight), respectively. Concentrations of REE in macrofungi did not exceed 360 μg kg(-1) (dry weight) and their distribution more or less followed the trend observed in post-Archean shales and loess.
Soils in polluted regions are generally regarded as a delayed, long-lasting source for Pb contamination of aquatic systems. Lead deposited on topsoil is slowly transported downward with particulate and colloidal organic matter, driven by infiltrating precipitation. Then, Pb is tightly retained in mineral soil. Lead export from catchments is extremely low and decoupled from the atmospheric input. We tested this hypothesis in 11 small catchments, differing in pollution levels. Input/ouput Pb fluxes were monitored for 14-15 years in an era of decreasing industrial Pb emission rates. Between 1996/1997 and 2010, Pb deposition fluxes decreased significantly, on average by 80%. At the beginning of the monitoring, Pb export constituted 2 to 58% of Pb input. At the end of the monitoring, Pb export constituted 2 to 95% of Pb input. Highly polluted sites in the northeast exported significantly more Pb than less polluted sites further south. The (206)Pb/(207)Pb isotope ratios of runoff (1.16) were identical to those of topsoil and present-day deposition, and different from mineral soil and bedrock. Lead isotope systematics and between-site flux comparisons indicated that a portion of the incoming Pb had a relatively short residence time in the catchments, on the order of decades.
- MeSH
- atmosféra chemie MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- izotopy analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- olovo analýza MeSH
- zeměpis MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The molecular diversity of Archaea in a bat guano pile in Cave Domica (Slovakia), temperate cave ecosystem with significant bat colony (about 1600 individuals), was examined. The guano pile was created mainly by an activity of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus euryale) and provides a source of organic carbon and other nutrients in the oligotrophic subsurface ecosystem. The upper and the basal parts of guano surface were sampled where the latter one had higher pH and higher admixture of limestone bedrock and increased colonization of invertebrates. The relative proportion of Archaea determined using CARD-FISH in both parts was 3.5-3.9 % (the basal and upper part, respectively). The archaeal community was dominated by non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota (99 % of clones). Phylogenetic analysis of 115 16S rDNA sequences revealed the presence of Crenarchaeota previously isolated from temperate surface soils (group 1.1b, 62 clones), deep subsurface acid waters (group 1.1a, 52 clones) and Euryarchaeota (1 clone). Four of the analyzed sequences were found to have little similarity to those in public databases. The composition of both archaeal communities differed, with respect to higher diversity of Archaea in the upper part of the bat guano pile. High diversity archaeal population is present in the bat guano deposit and consists of both soil- and subsurface-born Crenarchaeota.
- MeSH
- Archaea genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- Chiroptera mikrobiologie MeSH
- DNA archebakterií genetika MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- feces chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Understanding the relation between terrestrial microorganisms and edaphic factors in the Antarctic can provide insights into their potential response to environmental changes. Here we examined the composition of bacterial and micro-eukaryotic communities using amplicon sequencing of rRNA genes in 105 soil samples from the Sør Rondane Mountains (East Antarctica), differing in bedrock or substrate type and associated physicochemical conditions. Although the two most widespread taxa (Acidobacteriota and Chlorophyta) were relatively abundant in each sample, multivariate analysis and co-occurrence networks revealed pronounced differences in community structure depending on substrate type. In moraine substrates, Actinomycetota and Cercozoa were the most abundant bacterial and eukaryotic phyla, whereas on gneiss, granite and marble substrates, Cyanobacteriota and Metazoa were the dominant bacterial and eukaryotic taxa. However, at lower taxonomic level, a distinct differentiation was observed within the Cyanobacteriota phylum depending on substrate type, with granite being dominated by the Nostocaceae family and marble by the Chroococcidiopsaceae family. Surprisingly, metazoans were relatively abundant according to the 18S rRNA dataset, even in samples from the most arid sites, such as moraines in Austkampane and Widerøefjellet ("Dry Valley"). Overall, our study shows that different substrate types support distinct microbial communities, and that mineral soil diversity is a major determinant of terrestrial microbial diversity in inland Antarctic nunataks and valleys.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Climate change can reverse trends of decreasing calcium and magnesium [Ca + Mg] leaching to surface waters in granitic alpine regions recovering from acidification. Despite decreasing concentrations of strong acid anions (-1.4 μeq L(-1) yr(-1)) during 2004-2016 in nonacidic alpine lakes in the Tatra Mountains (Central Europe), the average [Ca + Mg] concentrations increased (2.5 μeq L(-1) yr(-1)), together with elevated terrestrial export of bicarbonate (HCO3(-); 3.6 μeq L(-1) yr(-1)). The percent increase in [Ca + Mg] concentrations in nonacidic lakes (0.3-3.2% yr(-1)) was significantly and positively correlated with scree proportion in the catchment area and negatively correlated with the extent of soil cover. Leaching experiments with freshly crushed granodiorite, the dominant bedrock, showed that accessory calcite and (to a lesser extent) apatite were important sources of Ca. We hypothesize that elevated terrestrial export of [Ca + Mg] and HCO3(-) resulted from increased weathering caused by accelerated physical erosion of rocks due to elevated climate-related mechanical forces (an increasing frequency of days with high precipitation amounts and air temperatures fluctuating around 0 °C) during the last 2-3 decades. These climatic effects on water chemistry are especially strong in catchments where fragmented rocks are more exposed to weathering, and their position is less stable than in soil.
