Silicosis has progressive, but unpredictable development. There are no markers routinely available to measure the activity and prognosis of silicosis. 8-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress and leukotrienes B4, C4, D4, and E4 were measured in exhaled breath condensate in patients with silicosis. Sixty subjects were examined, with mean age 66.7+/-2.0 yr and mean exposure to silica 23.6+/-2.5 yr. The control group had 25 subjects, with mean age 64.7+/-4.8 yr. Exhaled breath was collected using the EcoScreen (Jaeger, Germany); 8-isoprostane and leukotrienes were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Several lung functions parameters were impaired in silicotics in comparisons with the controls; ESR, alpha1-antitrypsin and proteinuria were higher in the silicotics. Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies were more frequent in the silicotics (39%) than in the controls (4%), (p=0.0017). The mean level of 8-isoprostane in the patients with silicosis was 73.6+/-9.9 vs. 43+/-10 pg/ml (p=0.0001) in the controls. Silica exposure category (high, medium, none) was positively associated with the level of 8-isoprostane. In the patients with complicated silicosis, a high level of 8-isoprostane was found more frequently (p=0.0194). Leukotriene D4 was also increased in the silicotics (21.1+/-2.7 pg/ml) vs. the controls (14.7+/-2.7 pg/ml), (p=0.001). No significant effect of smoking or alcohol consumption on the markers examined was seen. This is the first study using exhaled breath condensate analysis in patients with silicosis.

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dechové testy MeSH
• dinoprost analogy a deriváty   analýza   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• leukotrieny analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• respirační funkční testy MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• silikóza diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• zdravé chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Asbestosis and pleural plaques exhibit unpredictable but progressive development, and there are no markers routinely available to measure their prognosis. Asbestos exposure induces the generation of reactive oxygen species, and 8-isoprostane is involved in experimental asbestos-related lung toxicity. This oxidative stress marker was measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in 92 former asbestos workers with mean age 68.8+/-1.7 yr and mean duration of asbestos exposure 24.1+/-2.0 yr. The control group had 46 subjects with mean age 65.2+/-3.3 yr. The mean level of 8-isoprostane, analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, was higher in asbestos-exposed subjects (69.5+/-6.6 pg/ml, p=0.0001) compared with the control group, where the concentration was 47.0+/-7.8 pg/ml. The results presented support the hypothesis that oxidative stress due to asbestos is the main cause of increased 8-isoprostane in EBC. Measurement of 8-isoprostane in EBC is a promising non-invasive means for assessing the activity of asbestos-induced diseases.

• MeSH
• azbest metabolismus   otrava   MeSH
• azbestóza metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• dechové testy metody   MeSH
• dinoprost analogy a deriváty   analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• pracovní expozice MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is assumed to reflect processes in the lungs, yet it is unknown whether oxidative stress markers in EBC are affected by systemic disorders (atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes) or whether lung diseases increase markers in plasma and urine. 8-isoprostane, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenale (HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) in EBC, plasma and urine in 82 patients (45 with asbestosis and hyalinosis, and 37 with silicosis) and in 29 control subjects. 8-isoprostane and HNE in EBC, and HNE in urine were higher in both groups of patients. In addition, 8-isoprostane in plasma and urine, and MDA in urine were higher in asbestos-exposed patients and MDA in plasma in silicotics, with this marker in plasma correlated with the grade of silicosis. In all subjects, 8-isoprostane in EBC correlated with urine (r=0.38, p<0.001) and plasma levels (r=0.28, p=0.003), and HNE and MDA with urine levels (r=0.31, p<0.001; r=0.23, p=0.016, respectively). Most markers positively correlated with lung function impairment, EBC markers negatively with vitamin E supplementation. To conclude: The influence of satisfactorily controlled systemic disorders on markers in EBC in patients with pneumoconioses is not significant. In addition to oxidative stress markers in EBC, lung fibroses may increase oxidative stress markers in plasma and urine.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   moč   MeSH
• dechové testy MeSH
• fibróza diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxidační stres fyziologie   MeSH
• plicní nemoci diagnóza   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Leukotrienes (LTs) are involved in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis and were increased in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of the patients with pneumoconiosis. However the possible influence of extra-pulmonary disorders on the EBC markers is not known. Therefore in parallel with EBC, LTs' levels in the plasma and urine were measured in patients with pneumoconiosis (45 × asbestos exposure, 37 × silica exposure) and in 27 controls. Individual LTs B4, C4, D4 and E4 were measured by liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). In EBC, LT D4 and LT E4 were increased in both groups of patients (p<0.001 and p<0.05), comparing with the controls. Both LT B4 and cysteinyl LTs were elevated in asbestos-exposed subjects (p<0.05). Asbestosis with more severe radiological signs (s1/s2-t3/u2) and lung functions impairment has shown higher cysteinyl LTs and LT C4 in the EBC (p<0.05) than mild asbestosis (s1/s0-s1/s1). In addition, in the subjects with asbestosis, cysteinyl LTs in EBC correlated with TLC (-0.313, p<0.05) and TLCO/Hb (-0.307, p<0.05), and LT C4 with TLC (-0.358, p<0.05). In pneumoconioses, EBC appears the most useful from the 3 fluids studied.

• MeSH
• azbestóza metabolismus   radiografie   MeSH
• dechové testy * MeSH
• leukotrien B4 analýza   krev   moč   MeSH
• leukotrien C4 analýza   krev   moč   MeSH
• leukotrien D4 analýza   krev   moč   MeSH
• leukotrien E4 analýza   krev   moč   MeSH
• leukotrieny analýza   krev   moč   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• respirační funkční testy MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• silikóza metabolismus   radiografie   MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

It is now approximately 25 years since the sheep Dolly, the first cloned mammal where the somatic cell nucleus from an adult donor was used for transfer, was born. So far, somatic cell nucleus transfer, where G1-phase nuclei are transferred into cytoplasts obtained by enucleation of mature metaphase II (MII) oocytes followed by the activation of the reconstructed cells, is the most efficient approach to reprogram/remodel the differentiated nucleus. In general, in an enucleated oocyte (cytoplast), the nuclear envelope (NE, membrane) of an injected somatic cell nucleus breaks down and chromosomes condense. This condensation phase is followed, after subsequent activation, by chromatin decondensation and formation of a pseudo-pronucleus (i) whose morphology should resemble the natural postfertilization pronuclei (PNs). Thus, the volume of the transferred nuclei increases considerably by incorporating the content released from the germinal vesicles (GVs). In parallel, the transferred nucleus genes must be reset and function similarly as the relevant genes in normal embryo reprogramming. This, among others, covers the relevant epigenetic modifications and the appropriate organization of chromatin in pseudo-pronuclei. While reprogramming in SCNT is often discussed, the remodeling of transferred nuclei is much less studied, particularly in the context of the developmental potential of SCNT embryos. It is now evident that correct reprogramming mirrors appropriate remodeling. At the same time, it is widely accepted that the process of rebuilding the nucleus following SCNT is instrumental to the overall success of this procedure. Thus, in our contribution, we will mostly focus on the remodeling of transferred nuclei. In particular, we discuss the oocyte organelles that are essential for the development of SCNT embryos.

• MeSH
• buněčné jádro metabolismus   MeSH
• chromatin metabolismus   MeSH
• oocyty MeSH
• ovce genetika   MeSH
• savci genetika   MeSH
• techniky jaderného přenosu * veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• zygota * metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• genom MeSH
• geny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Obecná genetika. Obecná cytogenetika. Evoluce
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• genetika, lékařská genetika
• biologie