erratic development Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Extreme asynchrony in embryo development, a typical feature of annual killifish living in temporary pools, represents a bet-hedging strategy to cope with unpredictable rainfall. African annual killifish are distributed across a large precipitation gradient, raising the potential for local adaptation in the degree of developmental asynchrony (e.g. higher in arid areas, lower in humid areas). Eight populations of two sister species, Nothobranchius furzeri and Nothobranchius kadleci, from sites along the rainfall gradient were tested and compared for asynchrony and duration of embryo development. Degree of asynchrony and mean duration of embryo development did not differ across the examined range. Despite generally high developmental variability, fish from more arid regions (where rain is more erratic) produced a significantly higher proportion of short-developing embryos. Comparable developmental asynchrony, regardless of precipitation level, suggests that all populations tested need to cope with some level of rainfall stochasticity. By producing more short-developing embryos, however, fish in more arid areas with relatively more erratic rains are better adapted to very short pool durations and are more likely to produce multiple offspring generations within a single rainy season.
- MeSH
- biologická adaptace * MeSH
- Cyprinodontidae růst a vývoj MeSH
- Cyprinodontiformes MeSH
- déšť * MeSH
- embryonální vývoj * MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Mosambik MeSH
. -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CLEAVAGE AND MATURATION-SPINDLE OF ASCARIS MEGALOCEPHALA . . 47 -- 1. Development of the Chromosomes -- in the pronuclei and in the metaphase of the first division in Asc: MEGALOCEPHALA IN CLEAVAGE AND MATURATION PERIOD 88 -- INDEX TO THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF Development of the dyads preceding the second maturation division. 239 -- 2. Erratic dyads in the cell-substance -- of the praespermatids 243 -- VIII.
vii, 359 s., [xxiv] l. obr. příl. : il. ; 30 cm
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- cytologie, klinická cytologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- studie
Posttraumatickou stresovou poruchu řadíme do skupiny úzkostných poruch. Jejímu rozvoji předchází prožití stresové události nebo situace mimořádně ohrožující či katastrofické povahy. Porucha je častější u žen, osob bez partnera, handicapovaných a sociálně izolovaných. Jednoznačná neurobiologická hypotéza nebyla dosud stanovena. Velká pozornost je však věnována změnám na úrovni hypotalamo-hypofýzo-nadledvinové osy. Pro PTSD jsou v klinickém obrazu typické vracející se vtíravé vzpomínky, které se objevují ve formě flashbacků nebo nočních můr. Průběh bývá obvykle kolísavý, u většiny pacientů s časem dojde k ústupu symptomatiky. Její léčba je často komplikována komorbiditami. V léčbě se jako účinná ukázala být antidepresiva ze skupiny selektivních inhibitorů zpětného vychytávání serotoninu (SSRI), tricyklická antidepresiva, thymoprofylaktika a antipsychotika. Přechodně je možné podávat anxiolytika. Z psychoterapeutických přístupů je nejvíce důkazů o účinnosti kognitivně behaviorální terapie. Řada pacientů profituje z kombinace obou léčebných přístupů.
Posttraumatic stress disorder belongs to the group of anxiety disorders. The experience of a stressful event or situation of exceptionally threatening or catastrophic nature precedes the development of PTSD. The disorder is more common in women, people not in a relationship, disabled or socially isolated people. The definite neurobiological hypothesis has not been determined yet. Great attention is paid to changes in the level of the hypothalamus-pituitary-noradrenergic axis. In the clinical picture of PTSD there are typical recurrent, intrusive memories, which appear in the form of flashbacks or nightmares. The progress is usually erratic, most of the patients will have declining symptoms in time. The treatment is often complicated by comorbidities. The antidepressant from the group of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, mood stabilizers and antipsychotics proved to be effective in the treatment of PTSD. The anxiolytics can be administered temporarily. There is evidence that the cognitive behavioral therapy is the most effective from the psychotherapeutic approaches. Many patients benefit from a combination of both treatments.
- Klíčová slova
- trauma,
- MeSH
- antidepresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- kognitivně behaviorální terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- posttraumatická stresová porucha * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- psychický stres MeSH
- psychoterapie metody MeSH
- rány a poranění MeSH
- životní změny MeSH
- znásilnění MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Spontaneous invasive and chronic disseminated mycosis affected Hemigrammus pulcher kept in a public aquarium, and infection was manifested by inappetence, exophthalmia, erratic swimming, eroded scales, anaemia of the gills and abdominal distension. Internally, there was a grossly swollen swim bladder with a thickened wall filled with a dark mass. The body cavities contained a clear, light amber fluid and a swollen intestine which was full of a watery fluid containing small gas bubbles. Histopathology revealed a granulomatous inflammatory response with fungal hyphae in the lumen and wall of the swim bladder, hepatopancreas, spleen and kidneys with signs of nephrohydrosis. Exophiala pisciphila and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola were isolated from the swim bladder, abdominal cavity and gastrointestinal tract. The exogenous source of infection was probably the ample wooden decoration and plants inside the aquarium. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re-isolation of both fungal species from fish artificially infected under laboratory conditions. As P. hymenocallidicola is less capable of defence against phagocytosis, E. pisciphila probably played a major role. Severe clinical manifestations with 100% mortality developed in two fish species infected by E. pisciphila. A significant increase in the plasma levels of amino acids was observed as a result of the activation of proteolysis.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota patogenita fyziologie MeSH
- Characidae * MeSH
- Exophiala patogenita fyziologie MeSH
- mykózy mikrobiologie patologie patofyziologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ryb mikrobiologie patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- vzdušné vaky mikrobiologie patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH