Na příkladu kazuistiky pacientky s difuzním oligodenrogliomem WHO II prezentujeme metodiku extraoperativního mapování pomocí dočasně implantovaného kortikálního gridu jako alternativu "awake" operace. Upozorňujeme na technické aspekty tohoto způsobu mapování kortikálních funkcí a v diskuzi obě metodiky srovnáváme

In a case report of the patient with diffuse oligodendroglioma WHO II we present the method of extraoperative mapping by means of temporarily implanted cortical grid as an alternative of "awake" surgery. We mention technical aspects of this cortical functions mapping mode and in the discussion we compare both methods.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrická stimulace metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• epilepsie parciální diagnóza   MeSH
• kraniotomie metody   využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie využití   MeSH
• mapování mozku metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• mozková kůra anatomie a histologie   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• oligodendrogliom chirurgie   MeSH
• stereotaktické techniky využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Localization of size-limited gamma-ray anomalies plays a fundamental role in uranium prospecting and environmental studies. Possibilities of a newly developed mini-airborne gamma-ray spectrometric equipment were tested on a uranium anomaly near the village of Třebsko, Czech Republic. The measurement equipment was based on a scintillation gamma-ray spectrometer specially developed for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) mounted on powerful hexacopter. The gamma-ray spectrometer has two 103 cm3 BGO scintillation detectors of relatively high sensitivity. The tested anomaly, which is 80 m by 40 m in size, was investigated by ground gamma-ray spectrometric measurement in a detail rectangular measurement grid. Average uranium concentration is 25 mg/kg eU attaining 700 mg/kg eU locally. The mini-airborne measurement across the anomaly was carried out on three 100 m long parallel profiles at eight flight altitudes from 5 to 40 m above the ground. The resulting 1 s 1024 channel gamma-ray spectra, recorded in counts per second (cps), were processed to concentration units of K, U and Th, while total count (TC) was reported in cps. Increased gamma ray intensity of the anomaly was indicated by mini-airborne measurement at all profiles and altitudes, including the highest altitude of 40 m, at which the recorded intensity is close to the natural radiation background. The reported instrument is able to record data with comparable quality as standard airborne survey, due to relative sensitive detector, lower flight altitude and relatively low flight speed of 1 m/s. The presented experiment brings new experience with using unmanned semi-autonomous aerial vehicles and the latest mini-airborne radiometric instrument. The experiment has demonstrated the instrument's ability to localize size-limited uranium anomalies.

• MeSH
• monitorování radiace metody   MeSH
• nadmořská výška MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• spektrometrie gama * MeSH
• uran analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The pig is a large animal model that is often used in experimental medicine. The aim of this study was to assess, in normal pig livers, sexual dimorphism in the normal fraction of hepatic interlobular and intralobular connective tissue (CT) in six hepatic lobes and in three macroscopical regions of interest (ROIs) with different positions relative to the liver vasculature. Using stereological point grids, the fractions of CT were quantified in histological sections stained with aniline blue and nuclear fast red. Samples (415 tissue blocks) were collected from healthy piglets, representing paracaval, paraportal and peripheral ROIs. There was considerable variability in the CT fraction at all sampling levels. In males the mean fraction of interlobular CT was 4.7 ± 2.4% (mean ± SD) and ranged from 0% to 11.4%. In females the mean fraction of the interlobular CT was 3.6 ± 2.2% and ranged from 0% to 12.3%. The mean fraction of intralobular (perisinusoidal summed with pericentral) CT was <0.2% in both sexes. The interlobular CT represented >99.8% of the total hepatic CT and the fractions were highly correlated (Spearman r = 0.998, P <0.05). The smallest CT fraction was observed in the left medial lobe and in the paracaval ROI and the largest CT fraction was detected in the quadrate lobe and in the peripheral ROI. For planning experiments involving the histological quantification of liver fibrosis and requiring comparison between the liver lobes, these data facilitate the power analysis for sample size needed to detect the expected relative increase or decrease in the fraction of CT.

• MeSH
• játra anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• pojivová tkáň anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

KEY MESSAGE: Rphq2, a minor gene for partial resistance to Puccinia hordei , was physically mapped in a 188 kbp introgression with suppressed recombination between haplotypes of rphq2 and Rphq2 barley cultivars. ABSTRACT: Partial and non-host resistances to rust fungi in barley (Hordeum vulgare) may be based on pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity. Understanding partial resistance may help to understand non-host resistance, and vice versa. We constructed two non-gridded BAC libraries from cultivar Vada and line SusPtrit. Vada is immune to non-adapted Puccinia rust fungi, and partially resistant to P. hordei. SusPtrit is susceptible to several non-adapted rust fungi, and has been used for mapping QTLs for non-host and partial resistance. The BAC libraries help to identify genes determining the natural variation for partial and non-host resistances of barley to rust fungi. A major-effect QTL, Rphq2, for partial resistance to P. hordei was mapped in a complete Vada and an incomplete SusPtrit contig. The physical distance between the markers flanking Rphq2 was 195 Kbp in Vada and at least 226 Kbp in SusPtrit. This marker interval was predicted to contain 12 genes in either accession, of which only five genes were in common. The haplotypes represented by Vada and SusPtrit were found in 57 and 43%, respectively, of a 194 barley accessions panel. The lack of homology between the two haplotypes probably explains the suppression of recombination in the Rphq2 area and limit further genetic resolution in fine mapping. The possible candidate genes for Rphq2 encode peroxidases, kinases and a member of seven-in-absentia protein family. This result suggests that Rphq2 does not belong to the NB-LRR gene family and does not resemble any of the partial resistance genes cloned previously.

• MeSH
• anotace sekvence MeSH
• Basidiomycota MeSH
• DNA rostlinná genetika   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genová knihovna MeSH
• haplotypy MeSH
• ječmen (rod) genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lokus kvantitativního znaku * MeSH
• mapování chromozomů MeSH
• nemoci rostlin genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• odolnost vůči nemocem genetika   MeSH
• rostlinné geny * MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• umělé bakteriální chromozomy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Delay represents a significant phenomenon in the dynamics of many human-related systems-including biological ones. It has i.a. a decisive impact on system stability, and the study of this influence is often mathematically demanding. This paper presents a computationally simple numerical gridding algorithm for the determination of stability margin delay values in multiple-delay linear systems. The characteristic quasi-polynomial-the roots of which decide about stability-is subjected to iterative discretization by means of pre-warped bilinear transformation. Then, a linear and a quadratic interpolation are applied to obtain the associated characteristic polynomial with integer powers. The roots of the associated characteristic polynomial are closely related to the estimation of roots of the original characteristic quasi-polynomial which agrees with the system's eigenvalues. Since the stability border is crossed by the leading one, the switching root locus is enhanced using the Regula Falsi interpolation method. Our methodology is implemented on-and verified by-a numerical bio-cybernetic example of the stabilization of a human-being's movement on a controlled swaying bow. The advantage of the proposed novel algorithm lies in the possibility of the rapid computation of polynomial zeros by means of standard programs for technical computing; in the low level of mathematical knowledge required; and, in the sufficiently high precision of the roots loci estimation. The relationship to the direct search QuasiPolynomial (mapping) Rootfinder algorithm and computational complexity are discussed as well. This algorithm is also applicable for systems with non-commensurate delays.

• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Regorafenib je nový perorální multikinázový inhibitor, který blokuje větší počet signálních drah (kinázy receptorů celé rodiny VEGFR, kinázu receptoru pro PDGF-β, mutované onkogenní kinázy KIT, RET, BRAF a p38 MAP). Mechanismus účinku regorafenibu jej předurčuje pro použití u výrazně předléčených pacientů, u nichž po aplikaci několika linií protinádorové léčby mohlo dojít v nádorových buňkách k aktivaci řady dalších patologických signálních drah. Po schválení regulačními orgány v EU bude regorafenib indikován pro použití u nemocných s metastatickým kolorektálním karcinomem, u nichž byly vyčerpány veškeré možnosti systémové léčby (jeho účinnost v této indikaci byla prokázána ve studii CORRECT), a u pacientů s pokročilým gastrointestinálním stromálním tumorem, jejichž onemocnění progredovalo po léčbě imatinibem a sunitinibem (jeho účinnost v této indikaci byla doložena ve studii GRID). Výzvami do budoucna jsou identifikace biomarkerů predikujících účinnost regorafenibu a ověření možnosti použití regorafenibu u jiných typů malignit.

Regorafenib is a new oral multi-kinase inhibitor that blocks multiple signal pathways (receptor kinases of the whole VEGFR family, the PDGF-β receptor kinase, and mutated oncogenic kinases KIT, RET, BRAF, and p38 MAP). The mechanism of action of regorafenib predestines it for use in heavily pre-treated patients who might have developed activation of a number of other pathological signal pathways in the tumour cells after several lines of anti-tumour treatment. Following approval by EU regulatory bodies regorafenib will be indicated for use in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who have expended all systemic treatment options (its efficacy in this indication was shown in the CORRECT trial), and in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour whose disease has progressed after treatment with imatinib and sunitinib (its efficacy in this indication was shown in the GRID trial). Future challenges include identification of biomarkers to predict the efficacy of regorafenib and verification of the possibility to use regorafenib in other types of malignancy.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• fenylmočovinové sloučeniny * aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• fluoruracil terapeutické užití   MeSH
• gastrointestinální stromální tumory * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• hodnocení léčiv MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze MeSH
• inhibitory proteinkinas MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III jako téma MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metastázy nádorů * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• pyridiny * aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• receptor 1 pro vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• receptor 2 pro vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor antagonisté a inhibitory   aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• receptor 3 pro vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor antagonisté a inhibitory   aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Publikace si klade za cíl, jako první dílo na trhu, komplexně postihnout a popsat aspekty i principy webové kartografie.

The development of a soil cover is a dynamic process. Soil cover can be altered within a few decades, which requires updating of the legacy soil maps. Soil erosion is one of the most important processes quickly altering soil cover on agriculture land. Colluvial soils develop in concave parts of the landscape as a consequence of sedimentation of eroded material. Colluvial soils are recognised as important soil units because they are a vast sink of soil organic carbon. Terrain derivatives became an important tool in digital soil mapping and are among the most popular auxiliary data used for quantitative spatial prediction. Prediction success rates are often directly dependent on raster resolution. In our study, we tested how raster resolution (1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30 meters) influences spatial prediction of colluvial soils. Terrain derivatives (altitude, slope, plane curvature, topographic position index, LS factor and convergence index) were calculated for the given raster resolutions. Four models were applied (boosted tree, neural network, random forest and Classification/Regression Tree) to spatially predict the soil cover over a 77 ha large study plot. Models training and validation was based on 111 soil profiles surveyed on a regular sampling grid. Moreover, the predicted real extent and shape of the colluvial soil area was examined. In general, no clear trend in the accuracy prediction was found without the given raster resolution range. Higher maximum prediction accuracy for colluvial soil, compared to prediction accuracy of total soil cover of the study plot, can be explained by the choice of terrain derivatives that were best for Colluvial soils differentiation from other soil units. Regarding the character of the predicted Colluvial soils area, maps of 2 to 10 m resolution provided reasonable delineation of the colluvial soil as part of the cover over the study area.

• MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• teoretické modely * MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biologické vědy
• NLK Obory
• biologie
• fyziologie

In general, the structural requirements postulated for a high brassinolide activity are: 2alpha,3alpha-diol, 6-ketone or better 7-oxalactone in B-ring, A/B trans fused ring junction, a cis C-22,C-23-diol preferentially with RR configurations, and a C-24 methyl or ethyl substituent [Takatsuto S, Yazawa N, Ikekawa N, Takematsu T, Takeuchi Y, Koguchi M. Structure-activity relationship of brassinosteroids. Phytochemistry 1983;22:2437-41; Thompson MJ, Meudt WJ, Mandava NB, Dutky SR, Lusby WR, Spaulding DW. Synthesis of brassinosteroids and relationship of structure to plant growth-promoting effects. Steroids 1982;39:89-105]. We found that the 3alpha,4alpha-diols 4, 6 and 8 are more active than the 2alpha,3alpha-diols 3, 5 and 7 [Sisa M, Budesinsky M, Kohout L. Synthesis of 7a-homo and 7a,7b-dihomo-5alpha-cholestane analogues of brassinolide. Collect Czech Chem Commun 2003;68:2171-89]. This fact is in strong contrast with the structure requirements mentioned above. Our hypothesis suggests that the lower activity of 2alpha,3alpha-diols and/or the higher activity of 3alpha,4alpha-diols could be explained by twisting and distortion of the molecule due to the seven- or eight-membered B-ring and also by the position of a carbonyl group relative to the A-ring diol. 3D-SAR computer methodologies as alignments and overlaps of GRID maps and 3D-QSAR analysis GRID-GOLPE (CoMFA-like) were used as an effort to explain the higher bioactivity of 3alpha,4alpha-diols 4, 6 and 8 in comparison with the 2alpha,3alpha-diols 3, 5 and 7 of B-ring enlarged brassinosteroids.

• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• biotest metody   MeSH
• cholestanoly chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Fabaceae metabolismus   MeSH
• metoda nejmenších čtverců MeSH
• molekulární konformace MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• polycyklické sloučeniny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• steroidy heterocyklické chemie   metabolismus   metabolismus   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH