physiologically based extraction test
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patient-ventilator asynchronies (PVA) are associated with ventilator-induced lung injury and increased mortality. Current detection methods rely on static thresholds, extensive preprocessing, or proprietary ventilator data. This study aimed to develop and validate a fully online, real-time system that detects and classifies PVAs directly from ventilator screen data while alerting clinicians based on severity. METHODS: The SmartAlert system was developed using ventilator screen recordings from ICU patients. It extracts pressure and flow waveforms from video recordings, converts them into time-series data, and employs deep neural networks to classify asynchronies and assign alarm levels from no urgency to most urgent. A dataset of 381,280 double-breath units was independently annotated by two expert intensivists. Two deep learning models were trained: one for alarm prediction and another for asynchrony classification (ineffective triggering, double cycling, high inspiratory effort, no asynchrony). Performance was evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC-ROC, compared to expert consensus. RESULTS: SmartAlert demonstrated strong performance for alarm level prediction (overall accuracy: 83.8 %, weighted AUC-ROC: 0.943 [95 % CI: 0.941-0.945]) and PVA classification (weighted accuracy: 89.3 %, weighted AUC-ROC: 0.951 [95 % CI: 0.950-0.953]). It showed high specificity for urgent alarms (99.9 % for level 3) and PVA types (98.5 % for ineffective triggering, 96.9 % for double cycling, 94.8 % for high inspiratory effort). CONCLUSIONS: We developed and internally validated SmartAlert, an automated system that detects PVAs, classifies severity, and alerts clinicians in real time. Its potential to reduce alarm fatigue, optimize ventilator settings, and improve patient outcomes remains to be tested in clinical trials.
- MeSH
- asynchronie mezi pacientem a ventilátorem MeSH
- deep learning MeSH
- jednotky intenzivní péče * MeSH
- klinické alarmy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mechanické ventilátory * MeSH
- neuronové sítě MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- ROC křivka MeSH
- strojové učení * MeSH
- umělé dýchání * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are synthetic compounds that have been designed to produce the physiological and psychological effects of known recreational drugs, while circumventing current drug control laws and scheduling guidelines. Such "designer drugs" pose problems in detection and prevention of use, and they are no less dangerous than known controlled substances. Among the various classes of NPS, many are chiral. As they are synthetic products, most are racemates. Not unexpectedly, there is limited information about different the pharmacological and toxicological properties of their pure enantiomers. Hence, fast and reliable enantioselective methods are of great interest. In this work, superficially porous particle (SPP) vancomycin-based chiral stationary phases were used for development of fast enantioselective separation methods for various classes of NPS in supercritical fluid chromatography and liquid chromatography. The NPS tested included pyrovalerones, benzofurans, phenidines and phenidates. The effect of mobile phase composition on the retention and resolution of NPS in supercritical fluid chromatography was examined. The amount as well as the ratios of additives used is crucial for enantioseparation efficiency. Results showed the high enantioselective potential of vancomycin-based columns in both chromatographic techniques; 88% of NPS tested were enantioseparated in supercritical fluid chromatography and 69% of NPS tested were enantioseparated in liquid chromatography. Moreover, under optimized conditions, simultaneous enantioseparations of some NPS were achieved, which indicates great suitability of vancomycin-based columns for this purpose. The proposed methods can serve as guides for method development and for enantioseparation of further upcoming NPS.
... in Hypertension, 413; Flame Analysis, 414; Tests for Sodium, 421; Tests for Potassium, 424; Tests for ... ... CHAPTER IX -- Special Tests - ? ... ... of Blood, 2031; The Wassermann Test of Spinal Fluid, 2045; The Kolmer Complement Fixation Tests for ... ... Syphilis, 2046; The Hecht-Gradwohl Complement Fixation Test for Syphilis, 2058; The Cardiolipin Test ... ... or VDRL Slide Test, 2062; The VDRL Tube Flocculation Test, 2065; The VDRL Test on Spinal Fluid, 2066; ...
Fifth edition 2 svazky : ilustrace, tabulky ; 26 cm
This paper presents a non-contact and cost-effective method to assess venous hemodynamics along the lower limbs using photoplethysmography imaging (PPGI). Seventeen healthy volunteers performed the venous muscle pump test, inducing venous blood volume changes in their lower legs, which were recorded using a webcam. PPGI signals were extracted from three regions along the lower leg. Key parameters derived from a physiological model were evaluated and analyzed statistically: perfusion amplitude, ejection time constant, and peripheral venous flow index. The method demonstrated robust estimation of physiologically explainable parameters, and the potential to improve venous function diagnostics with high spatial resolution.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- augmentace alveolárního výběžku * metody MeSH
- autologní transplantace MeSH
- buněčná a tkáňová terapie metody MeSH
- dentin * transplantace MeSH
- endoseální implantace zubů MeSH
- extrakce zubů MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteogeneze MeSH
- regenerace kostí * MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Background. Extracts from plant and/or animal tissues are frequently used in alternative medicine as drugs or food supplements. Such extracts may contain a complex of pharmacologically or physiologically active factors but frequently there exists no experimental confirmation as to precise mechanisms of action. This work aimed to verify if a long used bovine tissue extract Imuregen registered as a food supplement has desirable effect on tumor cells. Methods. Two independent methodological approaches were used. Viability of cell cultures was evaluated using WST-1-based cell cytotoxicity assay. Cell growth was monitored in real time using xCELLigence cell analysis. Normal human adherent lung fibroblasts (NHLF) were used to represent non - tumor lung cells. A human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line H1299 was used as a model of tumor cells. Results. Our study demonstrated a direct influence on viability of the H1299 tumor cell line (p < 0.005) and a cytostatic/cytotoxic effect of the bovine tissue extract after 72h. of cultivation while leaving non-tumor NHLF cell line unaffected. The extract (0.1 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml, resp.) also significantly affected the viability of irradiated H1299 tumor cell line (p < 0.005, Co, 4Gy) compared to non-tumor irradiated counterparts. In addition to the cytotoxic effect, the extract slightly modified the generation time of the cells and substantial differences between the effects on tumor and non-tumor cell lines were observed. Conclusion. The data presented here might suggest the extract intervenes into the proliferative cell cycle and subsequently influences the generation time of cells. Further analyses should be oriented toward the effects of animal tissue extracts on cellular systems defending against tumors and/or infections and intercellular communications that lead to influencing the fate of individual cell types.
- Klíčová slova
- Imuregen,
- MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- nemalobuněčný karcinom plic genetika imunologie MeSH
- oncogene addiction MeSH
- proliferace buněk genetika účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- protinádorové látky imunologicky aktivní * MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- tkáňové extrakty imunologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Mycophagy should not be considered as a single and homogeneous category of nutritional biology due to the specific symbiotic chitinolytic bacteria associated with mites and fungi. To test interaction among mites, fungi, and chitinolytic bacteria, experiments were conducted on the model species Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank). Mucor sp, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium claviforme, P. griseofulvum, and Verticillium sp. were plated onto malt agar and offered to T. putrescentiae in the laboratory. Mites were evaluated utilizing microanatomical examination based on histology, excrement analysis using fluorescence microscopy, bacterial plating, impact of mite homogenate on fungi in Petri dishes, reproduction of mites feeding upon each fungus, and isolation of associated bacteria inside mites. There were clear differences regarding the digested spores of different fungi passing through the gut and subsequently in the feces. Abundances of bacterial cells in excrement also corresponded to the fungi offered. The extracts from mites had chitinolytic activity, and the plated bacteria are known to produce exochitinases. The various feeding patterns observed were caused by differences in the cell wall structures of the tested fungi. The study illustrates that mycophagy in saprophagous mites does not consist of a single pattern, but rather that it can be classified into several sub-patterns depending upon the digested fungal species and its parts. The results point to a nearly symbiotic relationship between chitinolytic bacteria and digested fungi in mycophagous microarthropods.
- MeSH
- Acaridae fyziologie MeSH
- fyziologie bakterií * MeSH
- fyziologie výživy zvířat * MeSH
- houby fyziologie MeSH
- potravní řetězec * MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
- symbióza * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Urban particulate matter (PM) can affect green plants either via deposition on the above-ground biomass, where the contaminants can penetrate the leaf surface, or indirectly via soil-root interaction. This experiment assessed the potential risk of PM-derived risk elements contained in vegetables. The bioavailable portions of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in leafy vegetables amended by PM via soil and/or foliar application were investigated in a model pot experiment, in which lettuce and chard were cultivated. RESULTS: By using the physiologically based extraction test simulating in vitro human digestive processes in the stomach and small intestine, the bioavailable portions of toxic elements from PM-amended plant biomass were extracted. Extractable portions of elements by a simulated gastric solution from biomass decreased for lettuce in the order Zn > Cd > As > Fe; while for chard, the order was As > Zn > Cd > Fe. No significant effects of PM physical fractions or soil were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although the bioavailable element portions in the PM samples were lower compared to plants, the bioavailable element contents in foliar PM-amended plant leaves exceeded the control and soil PM amendment levels, even after biomass washing.
- MeSH
- arsen analýza MeSH
- Beta vulgaris chemie MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- kadmium analýza MeSH
- kořeny rostlin MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- listy rostlin * MeSH
- pevné částice analýza MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- salát (hlávkový) chemie MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza toxicita MeSH
- tenké střevo MeSH
- žaludek MeSH
- železo analýza MeSH
- zinek analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Physiologicaly Based Bioavailability Extraction Test (PBET) was tested at eight soils differing in their physicochemical properties to assess the potential bioavailability of risk elements (As, Cd, Pb) via ingestion of the soil. The results showed that the simulated human gastrointestinal tract fluid is able to extract heavy metals fixed in soil matrix in considerable portion of the total element content. Significant differences were observed between the extractable element contents with simulated gastric fluid and simulated duodenal fluid. Comparison of PBET method and soil extraction with 0,01 mol l?1 solution of CaCl2, the extraction method simulating approximately the plantavailable portions of risk elements showed higher mobility of soil elements by using the PBET test, especially in the case of As and Pb. For instance, arsenic belongs to the elements characterized by limited plant-availability and its extractability with 0,01 mol l?1 solution of CaCl2 did not exceed 1 % of total content whereas the soil extraction with simulated gastric solution reached up to 4 % of total arsenic content. Therefore, potential risk of direct soil ingestion in contaminated areas should be taken into account and investigated in further research.
The potential environmental hazards of risk elements in the area affected by the opencast coal mine and/or coal combustion for plants and animals was assessed by using a suite of laboratory bioaccessibility tests. The chosen sampling area was in the vicinity of the largest coal mine spoil in the Sokolov coal basin (Czech Republic). For an estimation of the oral bioaccessibility of the risk elements in soils, the physiologically based extraction tests were applied. Among the available methods for estimating the pulmonary bioaccessibility of elements, the Gamble's and Hatch's tests were chosen. The results showed elevated pseudo-total soil contents of As, Be, Cd, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn. Among these elements, only Cd showed substantial bioaccessibility for plants, as documented by the high Risk Assessment Code, reaching up to 47%, and the highest plant-availability, where the maximum Bioaccumulation Factor in plants reached up to 4.5. The simulated body fluids showed the highest bioaccessibility of Cd, but also substantial bioaccessible pools of As and Be, the elements frequently found at the brown coal mining and processing areas. For better understanding of the risk element bioaccessibility under the specific conditions, the released element pools should be related to the particular soil physicochemical parameters.
- MeSH
- arsen analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- kovy analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus MeSH
- těžba uhlí * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
