Tento přehledový článek se zaměřuje na základní principy technologií umělé inteligence (AI), možnosti jejich využití v medicíně a na příklady aplikací, které již byly začleněny do klinické praxe. Diskutuje také klíčové výzvy včetně etických otázek, jako je ochrana soukromí pacientů, algoritmická bias a problém transparentnosti modelů AI. Článek zdůrazňuje nutnost integrace AI do medicíny způsobem, který zajistí bezpečnost a důvěryhodnost, a současně vyzdvihuje význam vzdělávání zdravotnických profesionálů v oblasti AI. Umělá inteligence nabízí potenciál ke zlepšení přesnosti diagnostiky, efektivity péče a podpory při klinickém rozhodování, přičemž optimálních výsledků lze dosáhnout spoluprací mezi lékaři a systémy AI.

This review article focuses on the fundamental principles of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, their utilisation in medicine, and examples of applications that have already been incorporated into clinical practice. It also discusses key challenges, including ethical issues such as patient data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the transparency problem of AI models. The article emphasizes the necessity of integrating AI into medicine in a manner that ensures safety and trustworthiness, while underscoring the importance of educating healthcare professionals about AI. Artificial intelligence offers the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, the efficiency of care, and support for clinical decision-making, with optimal outcomes being achieved through collaboration between physicians and AI systems.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• lékařství * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nefrologie MeSH
• umělá inteligence * etika   MeSH
• velké jazykové modely MeSH
• zabezpečení počítačových systémů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved significantly over the past decades, from its early concepts in the 1950s to the present era of deep learning and natural language processing. Advanced large language models (LLMs), such as Chatbot Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is trained to generate human-like text responses. This technology has the potential to revolutionize various aspects of gastroenterology, including diagnosis, treatment, education, and decision-making support. The benefits of using LLMs in gastroenterology could include accelerating diagnosis and treatment, providing personalized care, enhancing education and training, assisting in decision-making, and improving communication with patients. However, drawbacks and challenges such as limited AI capability, training on possibly biased data, data errors, security and privacy concerns, and implementation costs must be addressed to ensure the responsible and effective use of this technology. The future of LLMs in gastroenterology relies on the ability to process and analyse large amounts of data, identify patterns, and summarize information and thus assist physicians in creating personalized treatment plans. As AI advances, LLMs will become more accurate and efficient, allowing for faster diagnosis and treatment of gastroenterological conditions. Ensuring effective collaboration between AI developers, healthcare professionals, and regulatory bodies is essential for the responsible and effective use of this technology. By finding the right balance between AI and human expertise and addressing the limitations and risks associated with its use, LLMs can play an increasingly significant role in gastroenterology, contributing to better patient care and supporting doctors in their work.

• MeSH
• deep learning MeSH
• gastroenterologie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• umělá inteligence * MeSH
• zpracování přirozeného jazyka * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

In the evolving landscape of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), adopting digital technologies, including synchronous/real-time digital interventions and smart applications, has emerged as a transformative approach. These technologies offer real-time health data access, continuous vital sign monitoring, and personalized educational enhanced patient self-management and engagement. Despite their potential benefits, challenges and limitations exist, necessitating careful consideration. Synchronous/real-time digital CR involves remote, two-way audiovisual communication, addressing issues of accessibility and promoting home-based interventions. Smart applications extend beyond traditional healthcare, providing real-time health data and fostering patient empowerment. Wearable devices and mobile apps enable continuous monitoring, tracking of rehabilitation outcomes, and facilitate lifestyle modifications crucial for cardiac health maintenance. As digital CR progresses, ensuring patient access, equitable implementation, and addressing the digital divide becomes paramount. Artificial intelligence holds promise in the early detection of cardiac events and tailoring patient-specific CR programs. However, challenges such as digital literacy, data privacy, and security must be addressed to ensure inclusive implementation. Moreover, the shift toward digital CR raises concerns about cost, safety, and potential depersonalization of therapeutic relationships. A transformative shift towards technologically enabled CR necessitates further research, focusing not only on technological advancements but also on customization to meet diverse patient needs. Overcoming challenges related to cost, safety, data security, and potential depersonalization is crucial for the widespread adoption of digital CR. Future studies should explore integrating moral values into digital therapeutic relationships and ensure that digital CR is accessible, equitable, and seamlessly integrated into routine cardiac care. Theoretical frameworks that accommodate the dynamic quality of real-time monitoring and feedback feature of digital CR interventions should be considered to guide intervention development.

• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

Introduction: The COVID-19 crisis provides an opportunity to reflect on what worked during the pandemic, what could have been done differently, and what innovations should become part of an enhanced health information system in the future. Methods: An online qualitative survey was designed and administered online in November 2020 to all the 37 Member States that are part of the WHO European Health Information Initiative and the WHO Central Asian Republics Information Network. Results: Nineteen countries responded to the survey (Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, and Uzbekistan). The COVID-19 pandemic required health information systems (HIS) to rapidly adapt to identify, collect, store, manage, and transmit accurate and timely COVID-19 related data. HIS stakeholders have been put to the test, and valuable experience has been gained. Despite critical gaps such as under-resourced public health services, obsolete health information technologies, and lack of interoperability, most countries believed that their information systems had worked reasonably well in addressing the needs arising during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Strong enabling environments and advanced and digitized health information systems are vital to controlling epidemics. Sustainable finance and government support are required for the continued implementation and enhancement of HIS. It is important to promote digital solutions beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Now is the time to discuss potential solutions to obtain timely, accurate, and reliable health information and steer policy-making while protecting privacy rights and meeting the highest ethical standards.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• zdravotnické informační systémy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Background: Obtaining informed consent from research study participants continues to meet difficulties. New ways to connect with potential participants are necessary to address barriers, expand enrollment and offer more services to underserved populations. Objectives: Electronic consent is designed to complete consenting sessions remotely and may help combat the obstacles inherent in the traditional informed consent process. We investigate the implementation of an electronic consent platform, Teleconsent, to broaden and diversify recruitment for clinical research. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with community members to assess their perceptions regarding the acceptability and usability of Teleconsent, a form of electronic consent. Interviews were structured to determine the main benefits, challenges and concerns as detailed by each participant. Participants were divided into rural and urban groupings. Results: We interviewed 40 participants to gather firsttime perceptions of Teleconsent. We found overall positive results. Predominately in urban communities, participants possessed the technological skills and amenities to support smooth implementation of this technology. However, many participants reflect on the challenges regarding logistics, privacy and reliability of utilizing Teleconsent in underserved, rural areas. 5 of 19 participants, more than a quarter for the rural group, experienced Teleconsent software problems. During these sessions, an alternative process with paper templates was employed to complete interviews. Conclusion: Perceptions regarding Teleconsent demonstrate current challenges along with potential acceptance within different communities. This is despite the fact that on its own it will not be able to overcome the barriers currently found in the informed consent process. Still, investment in electronic consent, including the development of enhanced and interactive content, can potentially revolutionize this process. Our findings offer a preliminary step towards determining the feasibility and acceptance of Teleconsent, a form of electronic consent, in different communities. More research surrounding the logistics of adoption is necessary in order to determine success.

• Klíčová slova
• Teleconsent,
• MeSH
• informovaný souhlas pacienta * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• percepce MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• telekomunikace * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The objective of this study is to provide an overview over the ethical issues relevant to the assessment, implementation, and use of smart-glasses. The purpose of the overview is to facilitate deliberation, decision making, and the formation of knowledge and norms for this emerging technology. An axiological question-based method for human cognitive enhancement including an extensive literature search on smart-glasses is used to identify relevant ethical issues. The search is supplemented with relevant ethical issues identified in the literature on human cognitive enhancement (in general) and in the study of the technical aspects of smart-glasses. Identified papers were subject to traditional content analysis: 739 references were identified of which 247 were regarded as relevant for full text examinations, and 155 were included in the study. A wide variety of ethical issues with smart-glasses have been identified, such as issues related to privacy, safety, justice, change in human agency, accountability, responsibility, social interaction, power and ideology. Smart-glasses are envisioned to change individual human identity and behavior as well as social interaction. Taking these issues into account appears to be relevant when developing, deliberating, deciding on, implementing, and using smart-glasses.

• MeSH
• brýle etika   normy   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikropočítače etika   trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• informační gramotnost MeSH
• šíření informací MeSH
• zdravotnická komunikace MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Výchova a vzdělávání
• NLK Obory
• knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie

Background: We are observing a silent and disrupting revolution in the hearing health care practice due to the pervasive use of eHealth methods and technologies, in particular mobile apps. This situation is very new, e.g., in the novel interactions and relationship between actors, in the implicit knowledge relevant to actors, and in the acquisition and comprehension of health messages and fragmented, e.g., in knowledge, standardization, regulation, and in methods for quality evaluation, so here we propose a new paradigm. Objectives: We want to contribute to the definition of the boundaries and rules of the new ’eHealth4Hearing’ paradigm. Methods: Starting from the needs perceived by people with hearing disabilities, we formulated a new ’eHealth4Hearing’ paradigm and gave practical examples on its application. Results: The ’eHealth4Hearing’ paradigm is delivering a new patient-centered model where people have (1) tools for at-home checking of hearing status to monitor or to detect early hearing disabilities; (2) tools to acquire meaningful, accurate and personalized information on how their hearing condition may affect their lives and to simulate how different rehabilitation solutions will work for them; (3) tools for self fitting/control of hearing systems; (4) personalized solutions for sound enhancement through smartphones for people that do not require traditional hearing aids; (5) at-home interactive rehabilitation programs adapting to their speech and communication skills. Conclusions: Researches have to be devoted to further boost the potential of ’eHealth4Hearing’ and must address issues concerning safety, privacy, legal regulations, reliability and quality of the apps.

• MeSH
• diagnostické sebehodnocení MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mobilní aplikace * MeSH
• nedoslýchavost diagnóza   rehabilitace   MeSH
• péče orientovaná na pacienta MeSH
• pomůcky pro komunikaci postižených MeSH
• poruchy sluchu MeSH
• sluchové pomůcky * MeSH
• sluchové testy přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• telemedicína * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• lékařská informatika MeSH
• výpočetní biologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Informační věda
• NLK Obory
• lékařská informatika

• MeSH
• lékařská informatika MeSH
• nemocniční informační systémy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• lékařská informatika