• MeSH
• ponoření MeSH
• potápění MeSH
• vojenské lékařství MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH

• MeSH
• hyperbarická oxygenace * MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci mozku MeSH
• poranění mozku MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• zprávy MeSH

Vomiting and aspiration of gastric contents into the airways and lungs is a common and well-known clinicopathological entity. This phenomenon might also occur in underwater diving, where it can lead to life-threatening or fatal situations. This article presents two incidents involving diving-related vomiting with associated aspiration of gastric contents. One case, a 39-year-old commercial diver using a full-face diving mask, was fatal and the other was a 33-year-old, female recreational scuba diver in whom underwater vomiting was complicated by pulmonary aspiration of a solid foreign body (a peanut) into the right lower lobe bronchus. The peanut was successfully removed and, following bronchoscopic pulmonary lavage, the patient made an uneventful recovery. The causes and consequences of nausea and vomiting within the underwater environment are discussed and possible interpretative problems are highlighted.

• MeSH
• aspirace do dýchacích cest etiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• bezvědomí MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fatální výsledek MeSH
• gastrointestinální obsah * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• masky MeSH
• potápění * MeSH
• zvracení komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the arm-leg coordination from different perspectives of motor control during the underwater start sequence to understand whether differences exist between the three competitive breaststroke swimming events. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Forty-one breaststroke races (with race times relative to the world record): 50-meter (n = 14, 87.6%), 100-meter (n = 14, 88.5%) and 200-meter (n = 13, 85.4%) were recorded. A race analysis system tracked the two-dimensional displacement of the head. Key points from the underwater start sequence were obtained from notational analysis in order to compute seven time-gaps and four phases to assess the arm-leg coordination and timing of the dolphin kick. A one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc correction was used to assess differences between the time gaps and phases for the three events. RESULTS: Differences between the three events were found for total underwater glide, and the first (T0) and second (T1) major glide phase. No differences between the events were found in relative duration and distance for the time gaps related to arm-leg coordination (T1-3, T4, T6) and timing of the dolphin kick (T4-5) during the underwater start sequence. CONCLUSIONS: The arm-leg coordination and timing of the dolphin kick showed no difference between the events, but the total underwater glide duration was longer in both the 100- and 200-meter compared with the 50-meter start. This shows that swimmers did not change the complex inter-limb coordination between the competitive events, but only modified the least complex movement, gliding, to adapt to the swimming speed of the respective events.

• MeSH
• bérec * MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• paže * MeSH
• plavání MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This review examines the relationship between the physiological demands of diving and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in divers. In the general population, some individuals have a greater tendency to experience PVCs, often without awareness or a clear understanding of the triggering factors. With the increasing availability and popularity of both scuba and apnoea diving, more people, including those with a predisposition to PVCs, are engaging in these activities. The underwater environment, with its unique stressors, may increase the risk of arrhythmogenic events, particularly PVCs. Here, we review the prevalence, pathophysiology, and aggravating factors of PVCs in divers, emphasising the need for a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment. Evidence suggests a higher prevalence of PVCs in divers compared with the general population, influenced by factors such as age, dive depth, gas bubbles, cold water immersion, pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, and lifestyle factors. The change in environment during diving could potentially trigger an increased frequency of PVCs, especially in individuals with a pre-existing tendency. We discuss diagnostic strategies, management approaches, and preventive measures for divers with PVCs, noting that although guidelines for athletes can be adapted, individual assessment is crucial. Significant knowledge gaps are identified, highlighting the need for future research to develop evidence-based guidelines and understand the long-term significance of PVCs in divers. This work aims to evaluate potential contributing factors to PVCs in divers and identify individuals who may be at higher risk of experiencing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). This work aims to improve diver safety by promoting collaboration between cardiologists and diving medicine specialists and by identifying key areas for future investigation in this field. This work aims to improve the safety and well-being of divers by understanding the cardiovascular challenges they face, including pressure changes, cold water immersion, and hypoxia. We seek to elucidate the relationship between these challenges and the occurrence of PVCs. By synthesising current evidence, identifying knowledge gaps, and proposing preliminary recommendations, we aim to encourage collaboration between cardiologists and diving medicine specialists to optimise the screening, management, and risk stratification of PVCs in the diving population.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• hyperbarická oxygenace MeSH
• podmořské lékařství * MeSH
• potápění MeSH
• tělovýchovné lékařství MeSH
• vojenské lékařství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• fyziologie
• biologie

The anthropometric profile of rowers has been reported to be closely related to the level of sport performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometric, performance and metabolic variables between lightweight and heavyweight Greek rowers. Eighteen national level lightweight (LW; training years 6.8 ± 0.7) and 16 heavyweight (HW; training years 7.4 ± 1.4) male rowers were subjected to two exercise sessions on a rowing ergometer (Concept IIc, Nottingham, UK). An incremental exercise test was performed to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and a 2000 meter “all-out” test to evaluate performance indices. Body fat percentage was measured by underwater weighting (Vacu·Med, Ventura, CA, USA). Anthropometric characteristics were significantly different between LW and HW rowers (Mean ± SEM) (Height 178.81 ± 1.07 vs. 186.78 ± 1.07 cm; Body Weight 72.44 ± 0.90 vs. 88.22 ± 2.2 kg; % Body fat 10.71 ± 0.32 vs. 14.6 ± 0.53%; Lean Body Mass 64.64 ± 0.96 vs. 75.29 ±1.78 kg; Fat Weight 7.79 ± 0.20 vs. 12.93 ± 0.68 kg; p<0.05, p<0.001). Metabolic characteristics were also significantly different between LW and HW rowers (VO2max 4705.09 ± 60.01 vs. 5237 ± 231.68 ml•min-1; VO2max 65.03 ± 1.03 vs. 59.37 ± 2.07 ml•kg-1min-1; VEmax 145.45 ± 5.29 vs. 165.42 ± 9.28 l•min-1; Time Trial 410.96 ± 1.70 vs. 393.05 ± 4.52 sec; Mean Power Output 323.72 ± 3.75 vs. 378.85 ± 2.79 Watt; Mean stroke rhythm 29.90 ± 0.34 vs. 28.45 ± 0.14 strokes• min-1; Maximal Blood Lactate Concentration in Incremental Test 10.35 ± 0.39 vs. 11.81 ± 0.43; Blood Lactate Concentration in 2000m, 13.64 ± 0.68 vs. 14.68 ± 0.62, p<0.05). The results assumed that the anthropometric, performance and metabolic characteristics of LW differ from those of HW rowers.

• Klíčová slova
• veslařská výkonnost, svalová hmotnost, aerobní metabolismus,
• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• energetický metabolismus fyziologie   MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sportovní výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• sporty fyziologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• svalová síla fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• tělovýchovné lékařství metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Řecko MeSH

Although respiratory muscle functions can influence swimming performance, respiratory muscle training (RMT) is not routinely used for improving fin-swimmers´ performance. The aim of our study was to verify the benefit of a one month of RMT in young fin-swimmers. We assessed the effect of this training on respiratory muscles and on maximal underwater swimming distance. 28 fin-swimmers were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). The study finished with 20 fin-swimmers (EG: n = 12; average age 12.0; weight 47.4 kg; height 1.58 m; CG: n = 8; age 11.5; weight 49.6 kg; height 1.53 m). Both group performed regular swimming training, during which the EG used Threshold PEP (positive expiratory pressure) and IMT (inspiratory muscle trainer) for RMT for one month. After one-month washout period, the CG also performed RMT. RMT showed significant improvement of inspiratory muscles in both groups (Z = <1.96; 2.59>; p < 0.05). Significant improvement was observed also in apnoea (AP) max (ZCG = 2.03; p < 0.05; ZEG=2.93; p < 0.01). A long-term effect was observed in the respiratory muscle strength and AP max in the EG (ZEG = 2.52; p < 0.05). RMT in fin-swimmers improves both respiratory muscle strength and the performance in AP max.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH