INTRODUCTION: Late capsular bag distension syndrome (CBS) is a rare complication of the ^lcataract surgery. AIM: The aim is to present 9 cases with delayed presentation and describe their successful management with surgical approach. METHOD: A two-year retrospective review of 9 cases was undertaken. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) was used to confirm this diagnosis. Aspiration of the milky fluid with 26 gauge needle followed by capsular bag lavage was performed and aspirated fluid was examined. RESULTS: Patients showed signs of late CBS 6,56 ± 1,94 years after uncomplicated phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation into the capsular bag. All 9 patients presented with a turbid fluid collection within the distended capsular bag. AS-OCT showed a hyper-reflective material in the space between the IOL and distended posterior capsule. CONCLUSION: Awareness of the manifestations of CBS and choice of the correct imaging modality may lead to regular diagnosis and successful treatment. Management with aspiration of the milky fluid and lavage of the capsular bag is technically safe and effective procedure. It has the advantage of microbial testing of the fluid. AS-OCT is useful tool to differentiate this condition clearly from IOL opacification and posterior capsule opacification.

• MeSH
• fakoemulzifikace * MeSH
• implantace nitrooční čočky * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci oční čočky diagnóza   etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie * MeSH
• pooperační komplikace * MeSH
• pouzdro oční čočky * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• syndrom MeSH
• zraková ostrost fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Human migration is an increasingly common phenomenon and migrants are at risk of disadvantageous treatment. We reasoned that migrants may receive differential treatment by locals based on the closeness of their facial features to the host average. Residents of Türkiye, the country with the largest number of refugees currently, served as participants. Because many of these refugees are of Arabic origin, we created target facial stimuli varying along the axis connecting Turkish and Arabic morphological prototypes (excluding skin colour) computed using geometric morphometrics and available databases. Participants made judgements of two universal dimensions of social perception-warmth and competence-on these faces. We predicted that participants judging faces manipulated towards the Turkish average would provide higher warmth and competence ratings compared to judging the same faces manipulated towards the Arabic average. Bayesian statistical tools were employed to estimate parameter values in multilevel models with intercorrelated varying effects. The findings did not support the prediction and revealed raters (as well as target faces) to be an important source of variation in social judgements. In the absence of simple cues (e.g. skin colour, group labels), the effect of facial morphology on social judgements may be much more complex than previously assumed.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mínění * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obličej anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• rozpoznání obličeje fyziologie   MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• stereotypizace * MeSH
• uprchlíci psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Turecko MeSH

Artists and laypeople differ in their ability to create drawings. Previous research has shown that artists have improved memory performance during drawing; however, it is unclear whether they have better visual memory after the drawing is finished. In this paper, we focused on the question of differences in visual memory between art students and the general population in two studies. In Study 1, both groups studied a set of images and later drew them in a surprise visual recall test. In Study 2, the drawings from Study 1 were evaluated by a different set of raters based on their drawing quality and similarity to the original image to link drawing evaluations with memory performance for both groups. We found that both groups showed comparable visual recognition memory performance; however, the artist group showed increased recall memory performance. Moreover, they produced drawings that were both better quality and more similar to the original image. Individually, participants whose drawings were rated as better showed higher recognition accuracy. Results from Study 2 also have practical implications for the usage of drawing as a tool for measuring free recall - the majority of the drawings were recognizable, and raters showed a high level of consistency during their evaluation of the drawings. Taken together, we found that artists have better visual recall memory than laypeople.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• rozpomínání * fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) * fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpoznávání obrazu * fyziologie   MeSH
• studenti * MeSH
• umění * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Asymmetric or unilateral hearing loss (AHL) may cause irreversible changes in the processing of acoustic signals in the auditory system. We aim to provide a comprehensive view of the auditory processing abilities for subjects with acquired AHL, and to examine the influence of AHL on speech perception under difficult conditions, and on auditory temporal and intensity processing. DESIGN: We examined peripheral and central auditory functions for 25 subjects with AHL resulting from vestibular schwannoma, and compared them to those from 24 normal-hearing controls that were matched with the AHL subjects in mean age and hearing thresholds in the healthy ear. Besides the basic hearing threshold assessment, the tests comprised the detection of tones and gaps in a continuous noise, comprehension of speech in babble noise, binaural interactions, difference limen of intensity, and detection of frequency modulation. For the AHL subjects, the selected tests were performed separately for the healthy and diseased ear. RESULTS: We observed that binaural speech comprehension, gap detection, and frequency modulation detection abilities were dominated by the healthy ear and were comparable for both groups. The AHL subjects were less sensitive to interaural delays, however, they exhibited a higher sensitivity to sound level, as indicated by lower difference limen of intensity and a higher sensitivity to interaural intensity difference. Correlations between the individual test scores indicated that speech comprehension by the AHL subjects was associated with different auditory processing mechanisms than for the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that AHL influences both peripheral and central auditory processing abilities and that speech comprehension under difficult conditions relies on different mechanisms for the AHL subjects than for normal-hearing controls.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• jednostranná nedoslýchavost * patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• percepce řeči * fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sluchová percepce fyziologie   MeSH
• sluchový práh * MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• vestibulární schwannom * patofyziologie   komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background: Activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in the nervous system modulates the processing of acute and chronic pain. CB1R activity is regulated by desensitization and internalization. SH3-containing GRB2-like protein 3-interacting protein 1 (SGIP1) inhibits the internalization of CB1R. This causes increased and prolonged association of the desensitized receptor with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) and beta-arrestin on the cell membrane and results in decreased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway. Genetic deletion of SGIP1 in mice leads to altered CB1R-related functions, such as decreased anxiety-like behaviors, modified cannabinoid tetrad behaviors, reduced acute nociception, and increased sensitivity to analgesics. In this work, we asked if deletion of SGIP1 affects chronic nociception and analgesic effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) in mice. Methods: We measured tactile responses of hind paws to increasing pressure in wild-type and SGIP1 knock-out mice. Inflammation in the paw was induced by local injection of carrageenan. To determine the mechanical sensitivity, the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured using an electronic von Frey instrument with the progression of the applied force. Results: The responses to mechanical stimuli varied depending on the sex, genotype, and treatment. SGIP1 knock-out male mice exhibited lower PWT than wild-type males. On the contrary, the female mice exhibited comparable PWT. Following THC or WIN treatment in male mice, SGIP1 knock-out males exhibited PWT lower than wild-type males. THC treatment in SGIP1 knock-out females resulted in PWT higher than after THC treatment of wild-type females. However, SGIP1 knock-out and wild-type female mice exhibited similar PWT after WIN treatment. Conclusions: We provide evidence that SGIP1, possibly by interacting with CB1R, is involved in processing the responses to chronic pain. The absence of SGIP1 results in enhanced sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in males, but not females. The antinociceptive effect of THC is superior to that of WIN in SGIP1 knock-out mice in the carrageenan-induced model of chronic pain.

• MeSH
• benzoxaziny * farmakologie   MeSH
• hyperalgezie * genetika   MeSH
• morfoliny farmakologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši knockoutované * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• naftaleny MeSH
• nocicepce účinky léků   MeSH
• receptor kanabinoidní CB1 * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• tetrahydrokanabinol * farmakologie   MeSH
• zánět * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Reputational peer nominations are a common method for measuring involvement in aggression-related behaviors, encompassing the roles of aggressor, victim, and defender, but may be influenced by students' affective (dis)liking relationships. This social network study investigated whether dyad- and group-level (dis)liking relationships affect perceptions of classmates' involvement in physical aggression and explored the moderating roles of classroom moral disengagement and defending norms. The study employed a longitudinal design with two time points 6 months apart, encompassing 27 classrooms and 632 early adolescents. Using multiplex stochastic actor-oriented modeling, we found that liking, but not disliking, significantly influenced perceptions. Liking a classmate increased the likelihood of perceiving them as a defender. Moreover, students' own perceptions (aggressor, victim, and defender nominations) were shaped by the perceptions of classmates they liked, while classroom moral disengagement reduced this influence for defender nominations. Results on classroom defending norms were mixed. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for students' liking relationships and classroom-level norms to reduce bias in peer nominations and improve the accuracy of assessments of aggression-related behaviors.

• MeSH
• afekt MeSH
• agrese * psychologie   MeSH
• chování mladistvých psychologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oběti zločinu * psychologie   MeSH
• školy MeSH
• sociální normy MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• studenti psychologie   MeSH
• vyrovnaná skupina * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIMS: Despite increasing prevalence, the general population lacks knowledge regarding diagnosis, implications, and management of cardiac arrhythmias (CA). This study aims to assess public perception of CA and identify knowledge gaps. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 36-item PULSE survey was disseminated via social media to the general population and conducted under the auspices of the European Heart Rhythm Association Scientific Initiatives Committee (EHRA SIC) with EHRA patient committee support. Among 3924 participants (2177 healthy, 1747 with previously diagnosed CA; 59% female, 90% European), 81% reported fear of CA. Females were more likely to be 'very' or 'moderately afraid' than males [odds ratio (OR) 1.159 (1.005, 1.337), P = 0.046]. While most recognized complications of CA-heart failure (82%), stroke (80%), and death (75%)-43% were unaware that CA can be asymptomatic. Those with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in the past 5 years were 2.6 times and 4.7 times more confident identifying sudden cardiac death and initiating CPR (P < 0.001). Confidence was lower in retired participants [OR 0.574 (0.499, 0.660), P < 0.001] and Southern Europeans [OR 0.703 (0.600, 0.824), P < 0.001]. Without CPR training, only 15% felt confident initiating CPR. Among CA participants, 28% reported severe to disabling daily symptoms. Males were more often asymptomatic (20% vs. 9%, P < 0.001). Treatment rates were comparable between sex categories (81% vs. 79%, P = 0.413). Interdisciplinary shared decision-making processes were reported by 4%. Notably, 1 in 10 CA cases was self-diagnosed using a wearable device, and 30% of CA participants used smartwatches for self-monitoring. CONCLUSION: Significant knowledge gaps regarding CA exist in the general population. Targeted educational initiatives could be a viable tool to enhance public knowledge, confidence in detecting and managing arrhythmias, particularly for women, who experience greater fear and symptom severity despite similar treatment rates.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiopulmonální resuscitace MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• percepce MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční arytmie * terapie   diagnóza   psychologie   MeSH
• strach MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Sexualita ženy je komplexním jevem, na kterém se podílí řada faktorů. Mezi nejdůležitější z nich patří věk a zdravotní stav, nicméně nezanedbatelný vliv mají i další aspekty. Vzhledem k tomu, že udávaná prevalence sestupu pánevních orgánů v ženské populaci přesahuje 50 %, nelze jeho dopad na sexuální funkce opomenout. Předložený článek prezentuje systematický přehled prací týkajících se problematiky vlivu sestupu pánevních orgánů na sexuální funkce žen. Poruchy sexuálních funkcí jsou u žen se sestupem časté, bez ohledu na jeho stadium či postižený kompartment. Terapie estrogeny nemá na sexualitu žen se sestupem žádný vliv, naopak rehabilitace může přinést určité zlepšení. Nebyl prokázán negativní vliv pesaroterapie na sexuální funkce. Chirurgická terapie s použitím nativní tkáně sexuální funkce obecně spíše zlepšuje. Výjimkou je však zadní poševní plastika, která je často spojována s dyspareunií. Nebyla nalezena korelace mezi pooperační délkou pochvy a změnou sexuálních funkcí. Dopad použití vaginálních implantátů v řešení sestupu na sexualitu žen zůstává nejednoznačný. Naopak sakrokolpopexe jednoznačně sexuální funkce zlepšuje.

A woman's sexuality is a complex phenomenon involving several factors, among which age and health are the most important. However, other aspects are not negligible. The impact of pelvic organ prolapse on sexual function cannot be ignored, as the reported prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse in female population exceeds 50%. This article presents a systematic review of articles dealing with the impact of pelvic organ prolapse on female sexual function. Sexual dysfunction is common in women with pelvic organ prolapse, regardless of prolapse stage or the compartment affected. Estrogen therapy has no effect on sexuality in women with prolapse, while pelvic floor muscle training may provide some improvement. There is no evidence that conservative therapy using a pessary is associated with negative impact on sexual function. Native tissue repair tends to improve sexual function in general, except for posterior colporrhaphy, which was frequently associated with dyspareunia. No correlation between postoperative vaginal length and change in sexual function was identified. The impact of transvaginal mesh repair on sexuality remains unclear. In contrast, there is enough evidence proving that sacrocolpopexy significantly improves sexual function in women.

• Klíčová slova
• sakrokolpopexe, vaginální implantát, sexuální funkce,
• MeSH
• gynekologické chirurgické výkony MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• představa o vlastním těle MeSH
• prolaps pánevních orgánů * MeSH
• rehabilitace MeSH
• sexualita * MeSH
• vagina chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal investigation of the association between mobile health (mHealth) app use and attitudes toward one's body during adolescence is scarce. mHealth apps might shape adolescents' body image perceptions by influencing their attitudes toward their bodies. Adolescents might also use mHealth apps based on how they feel and think about their bodies. OBJECTIVE: This prospective study examined the longitudinal within-person associations between mHealth app use, body dissatisfaction, and physical self-worth during adolescence. METHODS: The data were gathered from a nationally representative sample of Czech adolescents aged between 11 and 16 years (N=2500; n=1250, 50% girls; mean age 13.43, SD 1.69 years) in 3 waves with 6-month intervals. Participants completed online questionnaires assessing their mHealth app use, physical self-worth, and body dissatisfaction at each wave. The mHealth app use was determined by the frequency of using sports, weight management, and nutritional intake apps. Physical self-worth was assessed using the physical self-worth subscale of the Physical Self Inventory-Short Form. Body dissatisfaction was measured with the items from the body dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory-3. The random intercept cross-lagged panel model examined longitudinal within-person associations between the variables. A multigroup design was used to compare genders. Due to the missing values, the final analyses used data from 2232 adolescents (n=1089, 48.8% girls; mean age 13.43, SD 1.69 years). RESULTS: The results revealed a positive within-person effect of mHealth app use on the physical self-worth of girls: increased mHealth app use predicted higher physical self-worth 6 months later (β=.199, P=.04). However, this effect was not consistent from the 6th to the 12th month: a within-person increase in using apps in the 6th month did not predict changes in girls' physical self-worth in the 12th month (β=.161, P=.07). Regardless of gender, the within-person changes in the frequency of using apps did not influence adolescents' body dissatisfaction. In addition, neither body dissatisfaction nor physical self-worth predicted app use frequency at the within-person level. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlighted that within-person changes in using mHealth apps were differentially associated with adolescents' body-related attitudes. While increased use of mHealth apps did not influence body dissatisfaction across genders, it significantly predicted higher physical self-worth in adolescent girls 6 months later. A similar association was not observed among boys after 6 months. These findings indicate that using mHealth apps is unlikely to have a detrimental impact on adolescents' body dissatisfaction and physical self-worth; instead, they may have a positive influence, particularly in boosting the physical self-worth of adolescent girls.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mobilní aplikace * MeSH
• nespokojenost s tělem * psychologie   MeSH
• osobní uspokojení MeSH
• představa o vlastním těle psychologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sebepojetí * MeSH
• telemedicína * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Space and time are fundamental attributes of the external world. Deciphering the brain mechanisms involved in processing the surrounding environment is one of the main challenges in neuroscience. This is particularly defiant when situations change rapidly over time because of the intertwining of spatial and temporal information. However, understanding the cognitive processes that allow coping with dynamic environments is critical, as the nervous system evolved in them due to the pressure for survival. Recent experiments have revealed a new cognitive mechanism called time compaction. According to it, a dynamic situation is represented internally by a static map of the future interactions between the perceived elements (including the subject itself). The salience of predicted interactions (e.g. collisions) over other spatiotemporal and dynamic attributes during the processing of time-changing situations has been shown in humans, rats, and bats. Motivated by this ubiquity, we study an artificial neural network to explore its minimal conditions necessary to represent a dynamic stimulus through the future interactions present in it. We show that, under general and simple conditions, the neural activity linked to the predicted interactions emerges to encode the perceived dynamic stimulus. Our results show that this encoding improves learning, memorization and decision making when dealing with stimuli with impending interactions compared to no-interaction stimuli. These findings are in agreement with theoretical and experimental results that have supported time compaction as a novel and ubiquitous cognitive process.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• neuronové sítě * MeSH
• paměť fyziologie   MeSH
• rozhodování fyziologie   MeSH
• učení fyziologie   MeSH
• vnímání času fyziologie   MeSH
• vnímání prostoru fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH