Stereotypie jsou opakující se, rytmické, zdánlivě neúčelné pohybové vzorce. Primární stereotypie jsou typicky popisovány u zdravých dětí s normálním vývojem, stereo­typie se spouštěčem v dospělosti jsou výrazně vzácnější. Prevalence primárních stereotypií se udává mezi 3 až 8 %. Sekundární stereotypie se objevují buď v důsledku senzorické deprivace, sociální izolace, nebo jako součást širší symptomatiky u mnoha, především neurovývojových, onemocnění, u psychiatrických onemocnění nebo jako součást polékových syndromů. V genezi stereotypií se zvažují jak neurobiologické mechanismy včetně genetické dispozice, tak vlivy zevního prostředí a sociálních interakcí. Základním terapeutickým postupem je edukace a behaviorální terapie, u farmakologických postupů bohužel scházejí randomizované, dvojitě zaslepené studie.

Stereotypies are repetitive, rhythmic, seemingly purposeless movement patterns. Primary stereotypies are typically described in healthy children with normal development, stereotypies with a trigger in adulthood are significantly rarer. The prevalence of primary stereotypies is reported between 3 and 8 %. Secondary stereotypies appear either as a result of sensory deprivation, social isolation or as part of broader syndroms in many, especially neurodevelopmental diseases, in psychiatric diseases or drug-induced syndromes. In the genesis of stereotypies, both neurobiological mechanisms, including genetic disposition, and the effects of the external environment and social interactions are considered. The basic therapeutic procedure are education and behavioral therapy, unfortunately there are no randomized, double-blind studies for pharmacological procedures.

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurobiologie MeSH
• porucha se stereotypními pohyby * etiologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• senzorická deprivace MeSH
• sociální izolace MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• Romové * MeSH
• sociální izolace MeSH
• zdravotní gramotnost * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Publikace se zaměřuje na psychosociální a holistické pojetí smrti a umírání v kontextu paliativní péče. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• eutanazie MeSH
• holistické zdraví MeSH
• osamocení MeSH
• paliativní péče MeSH
• péče v hospici MeSH
• postoj ke smrti MeSH
• smrt MeSH
• strach MeSH
• umírající MeSH
• ztráta blízké osoby MeSH

• Konspekt
• Druhy sociální pomoci a služeb
• NLK Obory
• sociologie
• psychologie, klinická psychologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

INTRODUCTION: Loneliness has a rising public health impact, but research involving neuropathology and representative cohorts has been limited. METHODS: Inverse odds of selection weights were generalized from the autopsy sample of Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center cohorts (N = 680; 89 ± 9 years old; 25% dementia) to the US-representative Health and Retirement Study (N = 8469; 76 ± 7 years old; 5% dementia) to extend external validity. Regressions tested cross-sectional associations between loneliness and (1) Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular pathology; (2) five cognitive domains; and (3) relationships between pathology and cognition, adjusting for depression. RESULTS: In weighted models, greater loneliness was associated with microinfarcts, lower episodic and working memory in the absence of AD pathology, lower working memory in the absence of infarcts, a stronger association of infarcts with lower episodic memory, and a stronger association of microinfarcts with lower working and semantic memory. DISCUSSION: Loneliness may relate to AD through multiple pathways involving cerebrovascular pathology and cognitive reserve. HIGHLIGHTS: Loneliness was associated with worse cognition in five domains. Loneliness was associated with the presence of microinfarcts. Loneliness moderated cognition-neuropathology associations. Transportability methods can provide insight into selection bias.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * psychologie   patologie   MeSH
• cerebrovaskulární poruchy * psychologie   patologie   MeSH
• kognice * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• osamocení * psychologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Raising a child with hydrocephalus can be very challenging, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In Pakistan, mothers being the primary caregivers for their hydrocephalic children are under tremendous stress. METHODS: This study explores the challenges faced by Pakistani mothers raising children with hydrocephalus, employing a qualitative methodology through focus group discussions comprising ten mothers of hydrocephalic babies at Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. RESULTS: The findings highlight three main themes: emotional toll, social isolation, and financial strain. Mothers experience significant emotional stress due to societal stigma and a lack of support, particularly from their husbands and family. Social isolation is prevalent, as mothers fear sharing their burdens and face physical confinement due to their children's needs. Financial strain is another major issue, with high medical costs adding to their economic difficulties. CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes improved access to specialized care, awareness campaigns to reduce stigma, financial assistance, and stronger community support networks to support these mothers better. Addressing these unmet needs is crucial for empowering Pakistani mothers in their caregiving roles and improving the quality of life for their children with hydrocephalus.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hydrocefalus * psychologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matky * psychologie   MeSH
• osoby pečující o pacienty psychologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• psychický stres psychologie   MeSH
• sociální izolace psychologie   MeSH
• sociální opora MeSH
• společenské stigma MeSH
• zjišťování skupinových postojů MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Pákistán MeSH

Background and objective: Nursing homes are threatened by external and internal threats, effect of which may result in a crisis situation (state of emergency). While managing an already existing emergency, it is necessary to create conditions allowing the elderly to maintain their fundamental human and civil rights. Any interference with human and civil rights is acceptable only in a state of emergency when crisis measures are applied. Social isolation was one of the emergency measures within the Covid-19 pandemics and involuntary social isolation may result in one ́s state of depression. To eliminate this prediction, it is necessary to create such conditions that enable the elderly to maintain their basic human needs as well as civil rights. The authors therefore aim to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of possible alternative communication tools and strategies in the nursing homes along with the ways of a potential reduction of negative effects of social contacts restrictions.Methods: On the basis of an online questionnaire, a community of experts evaluated alternative communication tools on a scale from 1 to 5, considering three factors: 1. benefit for the elderly; 2. financial requirements for purchasing/provision for a nursing home; 3. organization requirements for a nursing home. A cost-benefit evaluation was performed to determine a ranking of individual alternative tools.Results: The acquired results of questionnaire survey served as a tool to determine the ranking of importance of individual alternative communication tools that are feasible depending on specific conditions of a nursing home.Conclusion: The research identified useful tools that may help in the nursing homes to mitigate the impacts resulting from restrictions applied in the state of emergency and associated initiatives in the field of mental health.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 psychologie   MeSH
• duševní zdraví MeSH
• komunikace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pečovatelské domovy organizace a řízení   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sociální izolace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Introduction: The main objective of our research was to measure the impact on health of isolation and online education due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and particularly risk behaviours and mental health in adolescents with low socioeconomic status. Methods: We used an online questionnaire before (Q1) and after (Q2) the introduction of digital education, which was completed by a total of 212 Hungarian secondary school students. We measured the prevalence of risk behaviours and psychosomatic symptoms: subjective well-being, life satisfaction, self-esteem, sense of coherence, and changes in coping mechanisms among the students. Results: Stable smoking (p = 0.316), alcohol consumption habits (p = 0.573), and cannabis use (p = 0.607) did not change significantly between the two data sets. Psychosomatic symptoms (p = 0.111), life satisfaction (p = 0.727), self-esteem (p = 0.053) and sense of coherence (p = 0.602) also showed no significant change. However, there was an increase in the level of subjective well-being (p = 0.017) and in the proportion of those who used cognitive restructuring (p = 0.035) or problem-focused coping (p = 0.012) as coping mechanisms. Conclusion: Digital education had no negative impact on the health indicators of the students with low socioeconomic status. There were no significant changes in risk behaviours between the two surveys, while the students' mental health changed in a positive direction in several aspects.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * psychologie   MeSH
• distanční studium MeSH
• duševní zdraví statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• korelace dat MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nízký socioekonomický status MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychologie adolescentů MeSH
• psychosomatické poruchy epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• sociální izolace * psychologie   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• zdravotně rizikové chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

Introduction: Objective of this study is to describe impact of gender, age, social status, and geographic location on mobility changes during the COVID-19 pandemic within the Czechia, Hradec Kralove region, and Ostrava region.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two regions in the Czechia: the Hradec Kralove region and the Ostrava region.Results: The age group of seniors 85 and older was more vulnerable to these alterations than other age groups. Age had a statistically significant impact on both the frequency of trips and the mode of transportation used. Seniors' shifts in mobility were more frequently impacted by urbanization, whereas the region's impact was seen in as many as five components. Transport, Route, and Time all showed the impact of urbanization. However, the region had the largest impact.Conclusion: There has been little evidence of the influence of age, gender, or social class on perceptions of changes during COVID-19. Research found conflicting evidence about older adults' physical activity throughout the epidemic.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• doprava MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• omezení pohyblivosti MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sociální izolace * MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• asistovaná reprodukce MeSH
• duševní poruchy etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• duševní zdraví * MeSH
• epilepsie * farmakoterapie   psychologie   MeSH
• hormonální antikoncepce MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• kyselina listová farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• menstruační cyklus MeSH
• nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
• posuzování zdravotní způsobilosti MeSH
• sexuální dysfunkce fyziologická etiologie   MeSH
• sexuální faktory * MeSH
• sociální izolace psychologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vrozené vady etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: The negative effects of loneliness on population health and wellbeing requires interventions that transcend the medical system and leverage social, cultural, and public health system resources. Group-based social interventions are a potential method to alleviate loneliness. Moreover, nature, as part of our social and health infrastructure, may be an important part of the solutions that are needed to address loneliness. The RECETAS European project H2020 (Re-imagining Environments for Connection and Engagement: Testing Actions for Social Prescribing in Natural Spaces) is an international research project aiming to develop and test the effectiveness of nature-based social interventions to reduce loneliness and increase health-related quality of life. METHODS: This article describes the three related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that will be implemented: the RECETAS-BCN Trial in Barcelona (Spain) is targeting people 18+ from low socio-economic urban areas; the RECETAS-PRG Trial in Prague (Czech Republic) is addressing community-dwelling older adults over 60 years of age, and the RECETAS-HLSNK trial is reaching older people in assisted living facilities. Each trial will recruit 316 adults suffering from loneliness at least sometimes and randomize them to nature-based social interventions called "Friends in Nature" or to the control group. "Friends in Nature" uses modifications of the "Circle of Friends" methodology based on group processes of peer support and empowerment but including activities in nature. Participants will be assessed at baseline, at post-intervention (3 months), and at 6- and 12-month follow-up after baseline. Primary outcomes are the health-related quality-of-life according to 15D measure and The De Jong Gierveld 11-item loneliness scale. Secondary outcomes are health and psychosocial variables tailored to the specific target population. Nature exposure will be collected throughout the intervention period. Process evaluation will explore context, implementation, and mechanism of impact. Additionally, health economic evaluations will be performed. DISCUSSION: The three RECETAS trials will explore the effectiveness of nature-based social interventions among lonely people from various ages, social, economic, and cultural backgrounds. RECETAS meets the growing need of solid evidence for programs addressing loneliness by harnessing the beneficial impact of nature on enhancing wellbeing and social connections. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Barcelona (Spain) trial: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT05488496. Registered 29 July 2022. Prague (Czech Republic) trial: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT05522140. Registered August 25, 2022. Helsinki (Finland) trial: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT05507684. Registered August 12, 2022.

• MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osamocení * psychologie   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sociální práce MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• protokol klinické studie MeSH