Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, is considered to be a potential zoonotic pathogen and meat is one of the sources of MAP exposure for humans. MAP has been shown to be relatively resistant to different food processing methods, but there is a lack of information about the effects of ripening and fermentation processes on MAP survival in meat. Our results demonstrate that a short ripening process during teewurst production did not reduce MAP counts and viable mycobacteria were detected even during 4 weeks of storage. Although no viable MAP was recovered during the dry fermented sausage production process, there was no reduction in MAP count detected by real time PCR during production and storage of both sausages. Although the impact of foodborne exposure to viable MAP and/or mycobacterial components has not yet been clearly determined, the consumption of raw fermented meat products may be considered as a possible route of MAP transmission to humans.
- MeSH
- DNA bakterií izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami metody MeSH
- masné výrobky mikrobiologie MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- paratuberkulóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- skladování potravin MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this study was to determine possible differences in the faecal microbiota of dairy cows infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in comparison with noninfected cows from the same herds. Faecal samples from cows in 4 herds were tested for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis by real-time PCR, and faecal bacterial populations were analysed by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The most notable differences between shedding and nonshedding cows were an increase in the genus Psychrobacter and a decrease in the genera Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium in cows infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The present study is the first to report the faecal microbial composition in dairy cows infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
- MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- mlékárenství MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- nemoci skotu mikrobiologie MeSH
- paratuberkulóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA veterinární MeSH
- skot mikrobiologie MeSH
- vylučování bakterií z těla MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot mikrobiologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathologic entity characterized by a variety of hepatic injury patterns without significant alcohol use. It has a close association with obesity, so treatment includes weight loss, control of insulin sensitivity, interventions directed at inflammation and fibrosis. There is a certain relationship between the grade and duration of food restriction and hepatic function. The objective of this work was to describe the relationship between biochemistry, autoantibodies, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and liver morphology in experimental rabbit groups with food restriction as compared to controls with ad libitum food (ADL) income. The experiment was performed on a total of 24 rabbits of a weaning age of 25-81 days. The first group (R1) was restricted between 32 and 39 days of age to 50 g of food per rabbit a day. The second group (R2) was also restricted between 32 and 39 days, but the rabbits received 65 g of food per rabbit a day. At the end of the experiment, the blood and liver samples were collected at necropsy. NAFLD has developed in all three groups. There was any autoantibody positivity in all three groups. IGF-I is moderately higher in R1 and R2 group, as compared to the control group (P > 0.05). IGFBP-3 is without statistical significance in all three groups. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is the only liver biochemical parameter that has significantly increased following food restriction (P > 0.039). Single one-week restriction has any protective effect on NAFLD development.
- MeSH
- autoprotilátky krev MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cytoprotekce MeSH
- hmotnostní přírůstek MeSH
- IGFBP-3 krev MeSH
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor I metabolismus MeSH
- játra imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- kalorická restrikce * MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- nealkoholová steatóza jater krev imunologie patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
It has been suggested that passive shedding of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in faeces may occur, but reliable data are missing. Passive shedding assumes the ingestion of MAP in contaminated feed and passive passage through the gastrointestinal tract without causing infection. In this study the presence of MAP in faeces in a closed herd of Limousin cattle was monitored for 53 months using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and culture. The initial prevalence of MAP in the herd was determined to be 63.4% and 4.9% using qPCR and culture, respectively. After the removal of two culture- and qPCR-positive (>10(4) MAP cells/g) cows, the prevalence of MAP using qPCR decreased to 42.1% and later to 15.6% and 6.7%. The continuous removal of suspected animals from the herd during the monitoring period minimised the presence of MAP in faeces to sporadic, which may have resulted from a decrease in the environmental infectious pressure. The findings suggest that the presence of low numbers of MAP in bovine faeces may not necessarily be caused by real infection, but rather by passive passage of MAP. This phenomenon should therefore be considered when interpreting MAP qPCR data.
- MeSH
- ELISA veterinární MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci skotu epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- paratuberkulóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- skot MeSH
- vylučování bakterií z těla * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Francie MeSH
Práce je výsledkem týmového projektu studentů programu ,,Ochrana obyvatelstva“ na Fakultě biomedicínského inženýrství, ČVUT v Praze. Úkolem týmového projektu bylo zpracování evakuačního plánu města Písek s ohledem na situaci v roce 2002 – tedy rozsáhlých povodní, které v té době postihly město Písek a další 2/3 republiky. Během řešení týmového projektu se došlo k několika důležitým zjištěním, jedním z nich je např. výběr nevhodného místa jako evakuačního centra. Cílem příspěvku je poukázat na tato fakta a navrhnout možná opatření. Dalším cílem je poukázat na využitelnost studentů oborů zaměřených na ochranu obyvatelstva při přípravě na krizové situace.
The teamwork is the result of the team-project of students in the study program ,,Civil Protection” on FBME. The task of the team-project was the evacuation plan of the town Písek with regard to the situation in 2002 - a major flood, which at that time hit the town Písek and other 2/3 of the Czech republic. During solution team project, there were several important facts, first one was for example the selection of inappropriate place such as an evacuation centers. Our primary aim of this work is to point out these facts and suggest possible measures. Second aim is the usefulness of students of study program ,,Population protection” to prepare for disasters.
- MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- písek MeSH
- plánování postupu v případě katastrof * metody organizace a řízení MeSH
- populace MeSH
- řeky MeSH
- záplavy * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Tissues of cattle intended for human consumption can be contaminated by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Although different studies attribute varying roles of MAP in Crohn's disease progression it is thought that the exposure of humans to this bacterium should in any case be minimised. In this study, we have collected samples of intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, muscles of diaphragm (musculus diaphragma) and masseter muscles (musculus masseter) from twenty-five cows in a slaughterhouse. The infectious status of all animals was confirmed by culture of faeces. MAP was found in almost all the intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes examined, including three faecal culture-negative animals indicating intermittent shedding. As intestine is used for the traditional production of sausages, it is alarming that 84.2% of intestine samples were positive for MAP. F57 and IS900 real time PCR revealed MAP in 40 to 68% of diaphragms and 11.1 to 38.9% of masseters. A noticeable dependence of the probability of MAP positivity of faeces versus gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and of GIT and muscles was observed. Due to the changing behaviour of consumers, both of these muscles have started to be widely used in cuisine. Therefore, the results of this paper imply that the processing of cows with paratuberculosis in abattoirs without any precautions (restrictions) and the usage of meat for human consumption should be rethought.
- MeSH
- bránice mikrobiologie MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maso mikrobiologie MeSH
- musculus masseter mikrobiologie MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci skotu mikrobiologie MeSH
- paratuberkulóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This study focused on the development of a reliable and cost-efficient DNA isolation procedure for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in faeces by previously developed IS900 and F57 quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and their comparison with culture. The recovery of MAP DNA from the spiking experiments ranged from 29.1 to 102.4% of the input amount of MAP with median 37.9%. The limit of detection was determined to be 1.03 × 10(4) for F57 qPCR and 6.87 × 10(2)MAP cells per gram of faeces for IS900 qPCR, respectively. The developed technique for DNA isolation was coupled with IS900 qPCR and compared to traditional MAP culture using a cohort of 1906 faecal samples examined from 12 dairy cattle farms in our laboratory. From those 1906 original faecal samples, 875 were positive by IS900 qPCR and 169 by culture. None of the culture positive samples was negative by IS900 qPCR. This data facilitated development of a predictive model capable of estimating the probability of being culture positive by estimating the absolute number of MAP per gram of faeces as determined IS900 qPCR without performing the culture.
- MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- logistické modely MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci skotu diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- paratuberkulóza diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody veterinární MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The possibility that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) plays some role in the development of Crohn's disease in humans is attracting attention to milk and milk products originating from infected animals. In this study, we focused on the detection of MAP in 220 bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from all dairy cattle herds in Cyprus. In total, 63 (28.6%) BTM milk samples were found to be positive for MAP using quantitative real-time PCR assays for IS900 and F57. The presence of MAP in BTM was low, and was assessed to be several tens of MAP cells per one ml of BTM. Milk samples examined by cultivation were found to be negative for MAP in all 220 BTM. In two BTM samples cultivation and subsequent sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed two isolates of M. fortuitum.
- MeSH
- bakteriální RNA analýza MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléko mikrobiologie MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci skotu diagnóza přenos MeSH
- paratuberkulóza diagnóza přenos MeSH
- plošný screening veterinární MeSH
- počet mikrobiálních kolonií veterinární MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S analýza MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zoonózy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
