A complex epidemiological situation marked the health system at the time of the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic. Reducing the number of infectious diseases was an essential task of the State Administration of Health. It required new legislation and various steps directed at reducing infectious diseases. Serious infectious diseases, such as scarlet fever, diphtheria, typhoid, dysentery, smallpox, and malaria, were among the most significant health problems in Czechoslovakia. In 1920, Act No. 412 Coll. regarding compulsory smallpox vaccination was issued, as well as government Regulation No. 298, which describes vaccination obligations and stipulated proper isolation of patients with infectious diseases. Other steps that led to improvements included establishing the National Institute of Health and mobile disinfectant units. Conclusion: The systematic development of new legislation contributed to the new Republic's proficiency at the task and the gradual reduction in the number of infectious diseases.
- MeSH
- 1. světová válka MeSH
- akademie a ústavy MeSH
- břišní tyfus * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pravé neštovice * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Salmonella spp. is a common zoonotic pathogen, causing gastrointestinal infections in people. Pigs and pig meat are a major source of infection. Although farm biosecurity is believed to be important for controlling Salmonella transmission, robust evidence is lacking on which measures are most effective. This study enrolled 250 pig farms across nine European countries. From each farm, 20 pooled faecal samples (or similar information) were collected and analysed for Salmonella presence. Based on the proportion of positive results, farms were categorised as at higher or lower Salmonella risk, and associations with variables from a comprehensive questionnaire investigated. Multivariable analysis indicated that farms were less likely to be in the higher-risk category if they had '<400 sows'; used rodent baits close to pig enclosures; isolated stay-behind (sick) pigs; did not answer that the hygiene lock/ anteroom was easy to clean; did not have a full perimeter fence; did apply downtime of at least 3 days between farrowing batches; and had fully slatted flooring in all fattener buildings. A principal components analysis assessed the sources of variation between farms, and correlation between variables. The study results suggest simple control measures that could be prioritised on European pig farms to control Salmonella.
- MeSH
- biologická bezpečnost MeSH
- chov zvířat metody MeSH
- farmy MeSH
- nemoci prasat * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- Salmonella MeSH
- salmonelová infekce u zvířat * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování klasifikace MeSH
- bakteriální infekce diagnóza farmakoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- břišní tyfus diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- exantém etiologie MeSH
- gastroenteritida diagnóza klasifikace terapie MeSH
- hemoragické horečky virové klasifikace MeSH
- hepatitida A diagnóza přenos terapie MeSH
- infekce virem varicella zoster diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- infekční nemoci * diagnóza farmakoterapie klasifikace komplikace patofyziologie přenos MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymeská nemoc diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie přenos MeSH
- meningoencefalitida diagnóza etiologie klasifikace mozkomíšní mok přenos MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- parazitární nemoci klasifikace MeSH
- pertuse diagnóza MeSH
- rabies diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- syfilis patofyziologie MeSH
- virové nemoci diagnóza farmakoterapie klasifikace komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Ubiquitination is an important protein modification that regulates various essential cellular processes, including the functions of innate immune cells. Deubiquitinases are enzymes responsible for removing ubiquitin modification from substrates, and the regulation of deubiquitinases in macrophages during infection with Salmonella Typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica remains unknown. METHODS: To identify deubiquitinases regulated in human macrophages during bacterial infection, an activity-based proteomics screen was conducted. The effects of pharmacological inhibition of the identified deubiquitinase, USP8, were examined, including its impact on bacterial survival within macrophages and its role in autophagy regulation during Salmonella infection. RESULTS: Several deubiquiitnases were differentially regulated in infected macrophages. One of the deubiquitinases identified was USP8, which was downregulated upon Salmonella infection. Inhibition of USP8 was associated with a decrease in bacterial survival within macrophages, and it was found to play a distinct role in regulating autophagy during Salmonella infection. The inhibition of USP8 led to the downregulation of the p62 autophagy adaptor. DISCUSSION: The findings of this study suggest a novel role of USP8 in regulating autophagy flux, which restricts intracellular bacteria, particularly during Salmonella infection.
- MeSH
- autofagie MeSH
- deubikvitinasy metabolismus MeSH
- endopeptidasy genetika MeSH
- endozomální třídící komplexy pro transport genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium metabolismus MeSH
- salmonelóza * MeSH
- thiolesterasa ubikvitinu genetika metabolismus MeSH
- ubikvitinace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
Byla provedena deskriptivní analýza případů salmonelóz a kontrola kvality dat v elektronickém Informačním systému infekční nemoci v ČR (ISIN) za jednotlivé roky 2018–2021 a byla porovnána období před pandemií (2018–2019) a v průběhu pandemie covid-19 (2020–2021). V ČR bylo ve sledovaném období hlášeno 45 100 salmonelóz (průměrná incidence 105,7 /100 000 obyv.). Ženy tvořily 52,3 % zaznamenaných případů. Nejvyšší věkově specifická incidence byla zjištěna ve věkových skupinách 1–4 roky a u kojenců (564,0 a 456,8 /100 000 obyv.). Ve výskytu onemocnění podle krajů existují v jednotlivých letech statisticky významné rozdíly (p<0,001). Pravděpodobnost hospitalizace i úmrtí byla statisticky významně vyšší s přibývajícím věkem. Při srovnání výskytu salmonelóz před pandemií covid-19 a v jejím průběhu nebyly zjištěny žádné významné rozdíly v hlášených datech. Výskyt salmonelóz v ČR je v posledních letech stabilní, ale incidence je stále násobně vyšší, než je průměr Evropské unie (13,7 /100 000 obyv. v roce 2020). Výskyt onemocnění v ČR zůstal stabilní i v průběhu pandemie covid-19. I přes průběžné kontroly kvality dat na všech úrovních systému zůstávají v ISIN nahlášeny věcné chyby, navrhujeme, aby byla kontrola kvality dat alespoň částečně automatizována.
A descriptive analysis of salmonellosis cases and electronic Infectious Disease Information System (ISIN) data quality control were performed for individual years 2018–2021, and the pre-pandemic (2018–2019) and pandemic (2020–2021) data in the Czech Republic (CR) were compared. In the study period, 45 000 salmonellosis cases were reported in the CR (average incidence of 105.7 per 100000 population). Females accounted for 52.3% of reported cases. The highest age-specific incidence was found in the age groups 1–4 years and infants (564.0 and 456.8 /100000, respectively). Distribution of cases by administrative region differed significantly between years (p<0.001). The probability of hospital admission and death statistically significantly increased with age. When comparing the pre-pandemic and pandemic data, no significant differences were found in reported cases of salmonellosis. Although stable over the recent years, the incidence of salmonellosis in the CR is still many times higher than the European Union average (13.7 /100000 in 2020). Salmonellosis cases remained stable even during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite continuous data quality controls at all levels of the system, factual errors remain in the ISIN, and we suggest that data quality control should be at least partially automated.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- salmonelóza * epidemiologie přenos MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Článek se zabývá kazuistikou smíšené importované bakteriální nákazy vyvolané Salmonella Paratyphi A a Campylobacter jejuni, která byla uznána jako nemoc z povolání u mladého muže po návratu z pracovní cesty v Malajsii. Cílem sdělení je přiblížit původce nákaz s prezentací klinického obrazu, diagnostiky a léčby uvedených nemocí. Zvláštní důraz je kladen na možnosti prevence, které zahrnují vyšetření zdravotního stavu pracovníků před a po návratu ze zahraniční pracovní cesty, včetně provedení očkování a poradenství týkající se dodržování hygienických a protiepidemických opatření během cesty a v průběhu celého pobytu.
The article deals with a case report of a mixed imported bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Paratyphi A and Campylobacter jejuni, which was recognized as an occupational disease in a young man after returning from a business trip in Malaysia. The aim of the communication is to introduce the causative agent of diseases with the presentation of the clinical picture, options of diagnostics and treatment of these diseases. Special emphasis is placed on prevention options, which include examining the health status of workers before a trip and after returning from a business trip abroad, including vaccinations and counseling on compliance with hygiene and anti-epidemic measures during the trip and throughout the stay.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kampylobakterové infekce * diagnóza přenos terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci z povolání MeSH
- paratyfus * diagnóza přenos terapie MeSH
- posudkové řízení MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
In our study we present an overview of the use of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing technology on the background of Enteric fever. Unlike traditional methods (e.g., qPCR, serological tests), the nanopore sequencing technology enables virtually real-time data generation and highly accurate pathogen identification and characterization. Blood cultures were obtained from a 48-year-old female patient suffering from a high fever, headache and diarrhea. Nevertheless, both the initial serological tests and stool culture appeared to be negative. Therefore, the bacterial isolate from blood culture was used for nanopore sequencing (ONT). This technique in combination with subsequent bioinformatic analyses allowed for prompt identification of the disease-causative agent as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A. The National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella (NIPH) independently reported this isolate also as serovar Paratyphi A on the basis of results of biochemical and agglutination tests. Therefore, our results are in concordance with certified standards. Furthermore, the data enabled us to assess some basic questions concerning the comparative genomics, i.e., to describe whether the isolated strain differs from the formerly published ones or not. Quite surprisingly, these results indicate that we have detected a novel and so far, unknown variety of this bacteria.
Acute appendicitis is the most frequent and challenging condition requiring emergent intrabdominal surgery in children. The diagnosis of appendicitis becomes more difficult and challenging in children, especially with other medical problems. Computed tomography is the primary tool for diagnosing or excluding appendicitis in cases with atypical presentation. Salmonella infections may present as acute abdominal problems in children. We present a clinical combination that has never been previously reported, of a diabetic girl with non-typhoid Salmonella infection, diagnosed with acute appendicitis. We wonder about the causal correlation of these diseases, versus their simple coexistence.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- apendicitida * diagnóza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- diabetes mellitus * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- salmonelóza * komplikace diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Přestože nejčastějším projevem netyfoidní salmonelózy bývá průjem, může mít onemocnění výjimečně komplikovaný průběh se sepsí nebo formou extraintestinálních lokalizovaných procesů, např. artritidy. Komplikace se přitom projevují zpravidla u imunokompromitovaných osob. Ve sdělení jsou uvedeny kazuistiky dvou pacientů s komplikovaným průběhem salmonelózy.
Although diarrhea is the most common manifestation of non-typhoid salmonellosis, the disease can have an exceptionally complicated course with sepsis or as various extraintestinal localized processes, such as arthritis. Complications usually occur in immunocompromised individuals. The report presents case reports of two patients with a complicated course of salmonellosis.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- artróza kolenních kloubů MeSH
- hostitel s imunodeficiencí MeSH
- intravenózní podání MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- salmonelóza * farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sepse MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to analyse the influence of air temperature and implemented veterinary measures on salmonellosis incidence in the Czech Republic (CZ). METHODS: We conducted a descriptive analysis of salmonellosis as reported to the Czech national surveillance system during 1998-2017 and evaluated the influence of applied veterinary measures (started in January 2008) on salmonellosis incidence by comparing two 9-year periods (1998-2006, 2009-2017). Using a generalized additive model, we analysed association between monthly mean air temperature and log-transformed salmonellosis incidence over the entire twenty-year period. RESULTS: A total of 410,533 salmonellosis cases were reported during the study period in the CZ. Annual mean incidences of salmonellosis were 313.0/100,000 inhabitants before and 99.0/100,000 inhabitants after implementation of the veterinary measures. The time course of incidence was non-linear, with a sharp decline during 2006-2010. Significant association was found between disease incidence and air temperature. On average, the data indicated that within a common temperature range every 1 °C rise in air temperature contributed to a significant 6.2% increase in salmonellosis cases. CONCLUSIONS: Significant non-linear effects of annual trend, within-year seasonality, and air temperature on the incidence of salmonellosis during 1998-2017 were found. Our study also demonstrates significant direct effect of preventive veterinary measures taken in poultry in reducing incidence of human salmonellosis in the CZ. The annual mean number of salmonellosis cases in the period after introducing the veterinary measures was only 32.5% of what it had been in the previous period.
- MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- salmonelóza * epidemiologie MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
