Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland, which could be the result of allergy, physical trauma, or invasion by pathogens as Streptococcus uberis. This pathogen is an environmental pathogen associated with subclinical and clinical intramammary infection (IMI) in both lactating and non-lactating cows, which can persist in the udder and cause a chronic infection in the mammary gland. In spite of the important economic losses and increased prevalence caused by S. uberis mastitis, virulence factors involved in bacterial colonization of mammary glands and the pathogenic mechanisms are not yet clear. In the last 30 years, several studies have defined adherence and internalization of S. uberis as the early stages in IMI. S. uberis adheres to and invades into mammary gland cells, and this ability has been observed in in vitro assays. Until now, these abilities have not been determined in vivo challenges since they have been difficult to study. Bacterial surface proteins are able to bind to extracellular matrix protein components such as fibronectin, collagen and laminin, as well as proteins in milk. These proteins play a role in adhesion to host cells and have been denominated microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs). This article aims to summarize our current knowledge on the most relevant properties of the potential factors involved in the early pathogenesis of S. uberis mastitis.
- MeSH
- mastitida skotu * patologie MeSH
- mléčné žlázy zvířat mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- mléko chemie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- skot MeSH
- Streptococcus fyziologie MeSH
- streptokokové infekce * patologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The aim was to evaluate in vitro possible interactions, gene expression, and biofilm formation in species of Candida albicans, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus sanguinis and their in vivo pathogenicity. The in vitro analysis evaluated the effects of S. mitis and S. sanguinis on C. albicans's biofilm formation by CFU count, filamentation capacity, and adhesion (ALS1, ALS3, HWP1) and transcriptional regulatory gene (BCR1, CPH1, EFG1) expression. In vivo studies evaluated the pathogenicity of the interaction of the microorganisms on Galleria mellonella, with analyses of the CFU per milliliter count and filamentation. In vitro results indicated that there was an observed decrease in CFU (79.4-71.5%) in multi-species biofilms. The interaction with S. mitis inhibited filamentation, which seems to increase its virulence factor with over-expression of genes ALS1, ALS3, and HWP1 as well the interaction with S. sanguinis as ALS3 and HWP1. S. mitis upregulated BRC1, CPH1, and EFG1. The histological images of in vivo study indicate an increase in the filamentation of C. albicans when in interaction with the other species. It was concluded that S. mitis interaction suggests increased virulence factors of C. albicans, with periods of lower virulence and proto-cooperation in the interaction with S. sanguinis.
- MeSH
- biofilmy růst a vývoj MeSH
- Candida albicans genetika růst a vývoj patogenita MeSH
- fungální proteiny genetika MeSH
- hyfy růst a vývoj MeSH
- kokultivační techniky MeSH
- larva mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiální interakce fyziologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- můry mikrobiologie MeSH
- počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u hub MeSH
- Streptococcus mitis fyziologie MeSH
- Streptococcus fyziologie MeSH
- virulence genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The modification of implant surface situated in the area of peri-implant sulcus has important role in bacterial and cell adhesion. Six different chemically and physically modified titanium discs were prepared: glazed (Tis-MALP), unglazed (Tis-O), unglazed and alkali-etched (Tis-OA), unglazed and coated with ZrN (Tis-OZ), unglazed, sand blasted, and acid etched (Tis-OPAE), and unglazed, sand blasted, acid, and alkali etched (Tis-OPAAE). Analysis of surface topography was determined using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Biocompatibility of gingival fibroblasts was characterized by the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, collagen I, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) after 24 and 72 h and expression of α3 β1 integrin and vinculin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or modified ELISA after 6 and 24 h. Microorganism adhesion (five bacterial strains) and biofilm formation was also evaluated. The adhesion of bacteria and gingival fibroblasts was significantly higher on titanium disc Tis-OPAAE and biofilm formation on the same surface for Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus intermedius. The gingival fibroblasts on Tis-OPAAE disc had also significantly lower production of MMP-2. The collagen production was significantly lower on all surfaces with roughness higher than 0.2 μm. This study confirmed that the titanium disc with the surface roughness 3.39 μm (Tis-OPAAE) supported the adhesion of bacterial strains as well as gingival fibroblasts.
- MeSH
- bakteriální adheze účinky léků MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály farmakologie MeSH
- buněčná adheze účinky léků MeSH
- fibroblasty cytologie účinky léků mikrobiologie MeSH
- fokální adheze účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- gingiva cytologie MeSH
- integrin alfa3beta1 metabolismus MeSH
- kolagen typu I biosyntéza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matrixová metaloproteinasa 2 biosyntéza MeSH
- mikroskopie atomárních sil MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- spektrometrie rentgenová emisní MeSH
- Streptococcus cytologie účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- testování materiálů * MeSH
- titan farmakologie MeSH
- TNF-alfa biosyntéza MeSH
- vinkulin metabolismus MeSH
- zubní implantáty mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Early childhood caries (ECC) has become a serious medical problem worldwide in the last decade. Bacterial microflora of the dental plaque and oral cavity is considered an important factor in the formation and progression of dental caries. The aim of this study was strain typing and comparison of bacterial isolates retrieved from caries lesions and root canal contents of the same teeth. In total, 18 pairs of presumptive streptococci and lactobacilli retrieved from dental caries and root canals isolated from ECC-affected children, were selected on the basis of biotyping results and rep-PCR fingerprinting with (GTG)5 primer. Strain typing was further done using the RiboPrinter microbial characterization system (DuPont Qualicon). The automated ribotyping determined 14 pairs of the strains (77.8 %) to be identical. The results obtained confirmed that identical bacterial strains colonized both the decayed dental surface and the necrotic content of the dental pulp cavity during the cariogenesis. Our finding supports the assumption that bacteria could penetrate through the damaged dental surface to the inner parts of the teeth.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- DNA fingerprinting MeSH
- kavita zubní dřeně mikrobiologie MeSH
- Lactococcus klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ribotypizace MeSH
- Streptococcus klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- zubní kaz mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- Streptococcus fyziologie genetika MeSH
- transformace genetická MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- MeSH
- Streptococcus fyziologie MeSH
