Combining proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to study the oxidative and glycolytic components of metabolism in working muscle. This paper presents a 7 T proton calf coil design that combines dipole and loop elements to achieve the high performance necessary for detecting metabolites with low abundance and restricted visibility, specifically lactate, while including the option of adding a phosphorus array. We investigated the transmit, receive, and parallel imaging performance of three transceiver dipoles with six pair-wise overlap-decoupled standard or twisted pair receive-only coils. With a higher SNR and more efficient transmission decoupling, standard loops outperformed twisted pair coils. The dipoles with standard loops provided a four-fold-higher image SNR than a multinuclear reference coil comprising two proton channels and 32% more than a commercially available 28-channel proton knee coil. The setup enabled up to three-fold acceleration in the right-left direction, with acceptable g-factors and no visible aliasing artefacts. Spectroscopic phantom measurements revealed a higher spectral SNR for lactate with the developed setup than with either reference coil and fewer restrictions in voxel placement due to improved transmit homogeneity. This paper presents a new use case for dipoles and highlights their advantages for the integration in multinuclear calf coils.

• MeSH
• fantomy radiodiagnostické * MeSH
• kosterní svaly * diagnostické zobrazování   chemie   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody   MeSH
• poměr signál - šum MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In obesity, the skeletal muscle capillary network regresses and the insulin-mediated capillary recruitment is impaired. However, it has been shown that in the early stage of advanced obesity, an increased functional vascular response can partially compensate for other mechanisms of insulin resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the changes in the capillary network around individual muscle fibres during the early stage of obesity and insulin resistance in mice using 3D analysis. Capillaries and muscle fibres of the gluteus maximus muscles of seven high-fat-diet-induced obese and insulin-resistant mice and seven age-matched lean healthy mice were immunofluorescently labelled in thick transverse muscle sections. Stacks of images were acquired using confocal microscope. Capillary network characteristics were estimated by methods of quantitative image analysis. Muscle fibre typing was performed by histochemical analysis of myosin heavy chain isoforms on thin serial sections of skeletal muscle. Capillary length per muscle fibre length and capillary length per muscle fibre surface were increased by 27% and 23%, respectively, around small muscle fibres in obese mice, while there were no significant comparative differences around large fibres of obese and lean mice. Furthermore, the capillarization was larger around small compared to large fibres and there was a shift toward fast type myosin heavy chain isoforms, with no significant changes in muscle fibre diameters, tortuosity and anisotropy in obese mice. Overall, the results show that obese insulin-resistant mice have selective increase in capillarization around small predominantly intermediate muscle fibres, which is most likely related to the impaired glucose metabolism characteristic of type 2 diabetes.

• MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• kapiláry chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kosterní svaly chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• obezita metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• těžké řetězce myosinu analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

To investigate the potential of eland for meat production, the yield, physical quality and chemical composition of seven muscles were characterized from both male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) carcasses. Although carcass weights did not differ, cows had greater biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST) and supraspinatus (SS) muscle yields. The semimembranosus (SM) from cows had the greatest drip loss and were more yellow (b*) than all muscles evaluated from both sexes. Shear force measurements showed no effect of sex but large variations between muscles existed (65.5 to 97.6 N). Moisture content was greater within the BF, SS, ST and infraspinatus (IS) than the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and SM. The LTL and IS had the lowest intramuscular fat content, while the LTL and SM muscle had the highest crude protein content. Sex had little effect on eland meat composition, showing potential for the meat of both sexes to be marketed as a lean meat source.

• MeSH
• antilopy * MeSH
• barva MeSH
• kosterní svaly anatomie a histologie   chemie   MeSH
• lipidy analýza   MeSH
• maso analýza   MeSH
• pevnost ve smyku MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• svalové proteiny analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Meat as a rich source of protein is sought after by people from all over the world. It is also very susceptible to decay because of many internal and external processes affecting it. In this work an easy and quick method of detection of structural damage caused by decay or mishandling the meat is attempted by the method of angular absorption of light. The difference between structural changes due to aging, drying and freezing is explored and the resulting changes in light absorption in meat samples are presented. This work demonstrates that the measurement of optical angular dependency of absorption in relation to the muscle fibers in muscle tissue has the potential of detecting structural damage to the sample for meat quality control purposes.

• MeSH
• červené maso * MeSH
• kosterní svaly chemie   MeSH
• kvalita jídla MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami * MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• vysoušení MeSH
• zmrazování MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Purpose Investigation of the effect of exercise and zinc (Zn) supplementation on trace element status in rats. Methods 24 male Wistar were divided into four groups: control, exercised, Zn-supplemented (15 mg/kg weight Zn asparaginate), exercised Zn-supplemented. Zn was supplemented as Zn asparaginate. Serum lactate and creatinine levels, and creatine kinase activity were assessed. Tissue trace elements were estimated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results Exercise significantly increased lactate, and creatinine levels. Exercise significantly decreased muscle, kidney, and hair Zn; liver, muscle and serum Co; serum Fe; myocardial and hair Cu; liver, heart, skeletal muscle and kidney Se levels. Oppositely, exercise results in elevation of liver Zn; heart and skeletal muscle, kidney and hair Fe; kidney Cu; liver and hair Mn; serum and hair Se content. Zn supplementation reduced exercise-induced increase in lactate and creatinine levels, and elevated liver, kidney, heart, and hair Zn content in exercised rats. Supplementation with Zn reversed exercise-induced decrease in Co levels and increased Fe and Se stores in animals with high physical activity. Conclusions Beneficial effect of zinc supplementation in exercised organism may be associated not only with modulation of zinc status but regulation of other essential trace elements status and their biological effects.

• MeSH
• běh fyziologie   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• játra anatomie a histologie   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kobalt metabolismus   MeSH
• kosterní svaly anatomie a histologie   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kreatinin krev   MeSH
• kreatinkinasa krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• laktáty krev   MeSH
• ledviny anatomie a histologie   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• myokard chemie   metabolismus   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita fyziologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• selen metabolismus   MeSH
• stopové prvky * metabolismus   MeSH
• vlasy, chlupy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• železo metabolismus   MeSH
• zinek aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of visfatin in anti-Jo-1-positive myositis patients, its expression in muscle tissue and to investigate potential relationships between visfatin, B-cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), disease activity and anti-Jo-1 autoantibody levels. METHODS: Serum levels of visfatin and BAFF were measured in 38 anti-Jo-1 positive myositis patients and 35 healthy subjects. Disease activity was evaluated by myositis disease activity assessment tool (MYOACT) using visual analogue scales (VAS) and by serum muscle enzymes. Visfatin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in muscle tissue of myositis patients (n=10) and compared with non-inflammatory control muscle tissue samples from patients with myasthenia gravis (n=5). RESULTS: Serum visfatin and BAFF levels were significantly higher in myositis patients compared to healthy subjects and were associated with clinical muscle activity assessed by VAS. Only serum BAFF levels, but not visfatin levels, positively correlated with muscle enzyme concentrations and anti-Jo1 antibody levels. There was a positive correlation between visfatin and BAFF serum levels in myositis patients but a negative correlation was observed in healthy subjects. Visfatin expression was up-regulated in endomysial and perimysial inflammatory infiltrates of muscle tissue from myositis patients. CONCLUSIONS: Up-regulation of visfatin in myositis muscle tissue and an association between increased visfatin levels and muscle disease activity evaluated by MYOACT in anti-Jo-1 positive myositis patients could support possible role of visfatin in the pathogenesis of myositis.

• MeSH
• antinukleární protilátky krev   MeSH
• cytokiny analýza   krev   fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• faktor aktivující B-buňky analýza   MeSH
• kosterní svaly chemie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myozitida etiologie   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nikotinamidfosforibosyltransferasa analýza   krev   fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vizuální analogová stupnice MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The monitoring survey to assess the environmental pollution status of the river Morava--was carried out in 2014. DESIGN: This study presents the concentrations of heavy metals (Hg, Cr, Zn, Pb and Cd) in the water, sediment and muscle tissue of fish from the middle and lower reaches of the Morava river basin (Bečva, Dřevnice, Haná, Kyjovka and Morava rivers), in the Czech Republic. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used for the analysis of toxic metals. European chub (Squalius cephalus) was chosen as a reference fish species for the comparison of monitored localities. RESULTS: Results showed a positive significant correlation between concentration of Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn in muscles and age of fishes (p<0.05). The contents of the analyzed metals in European chub muscles were low Hg 0.049-0.402, Pb 0.005-0.035, Cd 0.006-0.026, Cr 0.016-0.042 and Zn 5.59-64.31 mg.kg(-1) wet weight basis and did not exceed the values of limits admissible in the Czech Republic. CONCLUSIONS: The contents of the analyzed metals in European chub muscles were low at monitoring sites and did not exceed the values of limits admissible in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• chrom analýza   MeSH
• geologické sedimenty chemie   MeSH
• kadmium analýza   MeSH
• kosterní svaly chemie   MeSH
• olovo analýza   MeSH
• otrava těžkými kovy MeSH
• otrava MeSH
• řeky * MeSH
• rtuť analýza   MeSH
• ryby * MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   MeSH
• zinek analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of meat were compared between non-domestic eland (Taurotragus oryx) bulls (n=6) and domestic Fleckvieh (Bos taurus) bulls (n=6) which were finished under controlled conditions of feeding and management. Musculus longissimus lumborum from eland were darker and less yellow in colour, with a higher pH24 and lower contents of intramuscular fat and total collagen, compared to cattle. Contents (mg/100 g muscle tissue) and proportions (g/100 g of FA determined) of SFA and MUFA were higher (P<0.01) in cattle. Although the proportion of total PUFA were higher (P<0.001) in eland, contents of PUFA were similar between species. Meat from cattle was consistently scored higher (P<0.05) for sensory texture characteristics, juiciness, flavour, and overall acceptance. We concluded that bulls of eland provided low-fat meat with a beneficial fatty acid composition from a human nutrition perspective, but with lower sensory scores, compared to bull beef.

• MeSH
• barva MeSH
• chemické jevy MeSH
• chuť MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kosterní svaly chemie   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
• kvalita jídla * MeSH
• kyseliny mastné mononenasycené analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami metody   MeSH
• maso analýza   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• přežvýkavci MeSH
• skot MeSH
• tuková tkáň chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Ambient mass spectrometry employing a direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source coupled to a medium high-resolution/accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) was used as a rapid tool for metabolomic fingerprinting to study the effects of supplemental feeding with cereals (triticale) on the composition of muscle metabolites of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). First, the sample extraction and DART-TOFMS instrumental conditions were optimized to obtain the broadest possible representation of ionizable compounds occurring in the extracts obtained from common carp muscle. To this end, a simultaneous (all-in-one) extraction procedure was developed employing water and cyclohexane mixture as the extraction solvents. Under these conditions both polar as well as non-polar metabolites were isolated within a single extraction step. Next, the metabolomic fingerprints (mass spectra) of a large set of common carp muscle extracts were acquired. Finally, the experimental data were statistically evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Using this approach, differentiation of common carp muscle in response to dietary supplementation (feeding with and without cereals) was feasible. Correct classification was obtained based on the assessment of polar and as well as non-polar extracts fingerprints. The current study showed that DART-TOFMS metabolomic fingerprinting represents a rapid and powerful analytical strategy enabling differentiation of common carp muscles according to feeding history by recording metabolomic fingerprints of ionizable components under the conditions of ambient MS.

• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• cyklohexany MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• extrakce kapalina-kapalina MeSH
• jedlá semena * MeSH
• kapři růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• kosterní svaly chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolom * MeSH
• metoda nejmenších čtverců MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice metody   MeSH
• voda MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The occurrence of organohalogenated compounds including major persistent chlorinated pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT and its metabolites, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), represented by polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), together with currently widely discussed perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), mainly perfluorooctane sulfonic acid was monitored in several fish species collected from Czech rivers. Eleven sampling locations in highly industrialized areas were chosen. In addition, wild species of 14 farmed fish (grown in dedicated ponds) were also analysed. With respect to the contamination in different areas, chlorinated chemicals were dominant. PCBs and DDTs ranged from 4.8 to 211 and 2 to 791 μg/kg wet weight, respectively. Concentrations of BFRs and PFCs were significantly lower and ranged from 0.6 to 10.2 and 0.9 to 62 μg/kg wet weight, respectively. The highest levels of target analyte groups were found in fish muscle tissue in localities situated on the lower part of the Elbe River: Levels of DDT, HCB, PBDEs, and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were as high as 791, 77.6, 14.4 and 193 μg/kg wet weight, respectively, in Usti nad Labem and in the sample originated from the confluence of Elbe with Bilina River; a sum of PCBs at a level of 211 μg/kg was detected.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• chemické znečištění vody analýza   MeSH
• halogenované uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• kosterní svaly chemie   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• rybníky MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• vodní hospodářství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH