Piglets from 4 to 8 weeks of age originated from a Cryptosporidium-free research breed were orally inoculated with 1 × 10(6) infectious oocysts of Cryptosporidium scrofarum. The number of shed oocysts per gram of faeces served to describe the infection intensity and prepatent period. In addition, faecal samples collected daily and tissue samples of the small and large intestine collected at 30 days post-inoculation were examined for the C. scrofarum small subunit ribosomal RNA gene using PCR. The piglets inoculated at 4-weeks of age remained uninfected, whereas 5-week-old and older animals were fully susceptible with a prepatent period ranging from 4 to 8 days. Susceptible pigs shed oocysts intermittently, and shedding intensity, reaching a mean maximum of 6000 oocysts per gram, did not differ significantly among infected animals. This study demonstrates that pigs become susceptible to C. scrofarum infection as late as 5-weeks of age. The mechanisms of age related susceptibility remain unknown.
- MeSH
- Cryptosporidium genetika MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- geny rRNA genetika MeSH
- kryptosporidióza imunologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci prasat imunologie patologie MeSH
- počet parazitárních vajíček MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Pigs represent an important source of food in many countries, and undercooked pork containing tissue cysts is one of the most common sources of Toxoplasma gondii infection for humans. A magnetic capture method for the isolation of T. gondii DNA and quantitative real-time PCR targeting the 529 bp TOXO repeat element were used to estimate the parasite burden in different tissues of pigs experimentally infected with T. gondii oocysts, and to determine the predilection sites of T. gondii in this host species. The highest concentration of T. gondii DNA was found in brain tissues, equivalent to [median] 553.7 (range 3857.7-121.9) parasites per gram, followed by lungs, heart and dorsal muscles with median values corresponding to 0.3 (range 61.3-0.02); 2.6 (range 7.34-0.37) and 0.6 (range 2.81-0.31) parasites per gram of tissue, respectively. Skeletal muscles from fore and hindlimb, liver and kidney presented very low infection burdens equivalent to [median] ≤0.2 parasites per gram of tissues, and no parasite DNA could be detected in the spleen. This study contributes to understanding the value of different pig tissues as a source of T. gondii infection for humans and shows that the brain, while not being of major importance as human food source, may represent a first-line selection tissue when performing non-serological surveys (e.g. bioassays, histopathological, immunohistochemical or molecular studies) to detect T. gondii infections in pigs.
- MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- magnetismus metody MeSH
- mozek parazitologie patologie MeSH
- nemoci prasat parazitologie patologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- Toxoplasma chemie genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- toxoplazmóza zvířat parazitologie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of study was to determine the influence of zinc chelate, valnemulin and it's combination on Brachyspira hyodysenteriae shedding and morphological changes of colonic mucosa in an experimental model of swine dysentery (SD). The study was performed on pigs coming from a dysentery-free herd. Animals were inoculated by B. hyodysenteriae strain B204. When the clinical signs of SD and B. hyodysenteriae shedding developed, the pigs were divided into four treatment groups. The first group was treated with zinc chelate (250 ml/1000 L in water), second group was given valnemulin in feed at 75 ppm; the third group was given a combination of both and the fourth group was control. The results demonstrated therapeutic effect of valnemulin in pigs with serious SD and did not show therapeutic effect of chelated zinc.
- MeSH
- Brachyspira hyodysenteriae růst a vývoj MeSH
- diterpeny terapeutické užití MeSH
- dyzenterie mikrobiologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- gramnegativní bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie mikrobiologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- imunohistochemie veterinární MeSH
- kolon patologie MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci prasat farmakoterapie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- sefarosa analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- střevní sliznice patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This study was performed on 40 finished pigs from one herd naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. The aim was to investigate the presence and amount of M. a. avium in samples of lymph nodes and diaphragm tissues collected during routine postmortem inspection using the triplex quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) method. We collected, in total, 107 samples: various lymph nodes affected by gross tuberculosis (TB)-like lesions from 17 pig carcasses, as well as samples of head and mesenteric lymph nodes from 23 carcasses without TB-like lesions. Samples of diaphragm tissues were collected from all carcasses. M. a. avium was detected in one or more tissue samples collected from half of the slaughtered pigs tested. Samples of diaphragm tissues of three pigs with detected TB-like lesions contained M. a. avium (10(2) to 10(3) cells per g of sample); the organism was not detected in diaphragm tissues from pigs without TB-like lesions. The qPCR method may be useful for quantification of M. a. avium in pigs for the purposes of foodborne risk assessment.
- MeSH
- bezpečnost potravin MeSH
- bránice mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci prasat mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- tuberkulóza mikrobiologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
We describe the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium pig genotype II and propose the species name Cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp. to reflect its prevalence in adult pigs worldwide. Oocysts of C. scrofarum are morphologically indistinguishable from C. parvum, measuring 4.81-5.96 μm (mean=5.16)×4.23-5.29 μm (mean=4.83) with a length to width ratio of 1.07±0.06 (n=400). Oocysts of C. scrofarum obtained from a naturally infected pig were infectious for 8-week-old pigs but not 4-week-old pigs. The prepatent period in 8-week-old Cryptosporidium-naive pigs was 4-6 days and the patent period was longer than 30 days. The infection intensity of C. scrofarum in pigs was generally low, in the range 250-4000 oocysts per gram of feces. Infected pigs showed no clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis and no pathology was detected. Cryptosporidium scrofarum was not infectious for adult SCID mice, adult BALB/c mice, Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), southern multimammate mice (Mastomys coucha), yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis), or guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit rRNA, actin, and heat shock protein 70 gene sequences revealed that C. scrofarum is genetically distinct from all known Cryptosporidium species.
- MeSH
- Cryptosporidium klasifikace cytologie genetika MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- Gerbillinae MeSH
- kryptosporidióza patologie veterinární MeSH
- morčata MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši SCID MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nemoci prasat parazitologie patologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- protozoální geny genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- morčata MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
In this study, we were interested in the association of attenuated mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis with subpopulations of porcine white blood cells (WBC). The mutants included those with inactivated aroA, phoP, rfaL, rfaG, rfaC and fliC genes and a mutant with five major pathogenicity islands removed (ΔSPI1-5 mutant). Using flow cytometry, we did not observe any difference in the interactions of the wild-type S. Enteritidis, aroA and phoP mutants with WBC. ΔSPI1-5 and fliC mutants had a minor defect in their association with granulocytes and monocytes, but not with T- or B-lymphocytes. All three rfa mutants associated with granulocytes, monocytes and B-lymphocytes more than the wild-type S. Enteritidis did. Electron microscopy confirmed that the association correlated with the intracellular presence of S. Enteritidis and that the Salmonella-containing vacuole in the WBC infected with the rfa mutants, unlike all other strains, did not develop into a spacious phagosome. Intact lipopolysaccharide, but not the type III secretion system encoded by SPI-1, SPI-2 or the flagellar operon, is important for the initial interaction of S. Enteritidis with porcine leukocytes. This information can be used for the design of live Salmonella vaccines preferentially targeting particular cell types including cancer or tumor cells.
- MeSH
- bakteriální geny genetika MeSH
- glykosyltransferasy genetika MeSH
- leukocyty mikrobiologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- nemoci prasat imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis enzymologie genetika imunologie MeSH
- salmonelová infekce u zvířat imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- salmonelové vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Mononuclear phagocytes (MP) are cells of nonspecific immunity, playing an essential role in defense against bacterial pathogens. Although various MP subpopulations have been described in the pig, relations among these populations in vivo are unknown to date. The present study was aimed at describing porcine MP subpopulations infiltrating inflamed tissue of pigs under in vivo conditions. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) infection was used to induce an inflammatory response. CD172alpha, CD14, CD163, MHCII and CD203alpha cell surface molecules were used to identify MP by flow cytometry. Changes in MP subpopulations in the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) compartments along with the analysis of MP appearing in the inflamed lungs were assessed to elucidate the possible origin and maturation stages of the infiltrating MP. The MP population migrating to the inflamed lungs was phenotype CD14+ CD163+ CD203alpha+/- MHCII+/-. Concomitantly, after APP infection there was an increase in the PB MP CD14+ CD163+ CD203alpha- MHC II- population, suggesting that these cells give rise to inflammatory monocytes/macrophages. The CD203alpha and MHCII molecules appear on these cells after leaving the PB. In healthy animals, the BM MP precursors were represented by CD14- CD163- cells maturing directly into CD14+ CD163- that were then released into the PB. After infection, an altered maturation pathway of MP precursors appeared, represented by CD14- CD163- CD203alpha- MHCII- MP directly switching into CD14+ CD163+ CD203alpha- MHCII- MP. In conclusion, two different MP maturation pathways were suggested in pigs. The use of these pathways differs under inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions.
- MeSH
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae MeSH
- buňky kostní dřeně fyziologie MeSH
- CD antigeny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fagocyty cytologie fyziologie MeSH
- geny MHC třídy II genetika fyziologie MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Actinobacillus krev mikrobiologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci prasat mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- plíce cytologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The intensity of antibody responses and level of protection against challenge infection induced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) were compared in piglets vaccinated intramuscularly with different vaccination doses of a subunit vaccine. Secondary antibody responses to APP exotoxins induced by the intradermally administered diluted vaccines did not differ from those induced by undiluted vaccines administered either intradermally or intramuscularly. The level of protection measured by the clinical course of challenge infection to the extent of lung lesions was significantly higher in animals vaccinated with a three-time diluted vaccine in comparison with animals that were administered intramuscularly or intradermally with the most concentrated or the most diluted vaccines.
- MeSH
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae imunologie patogenita MeSH
- bakteriální vakcíny aplikace a dávkování imunologie MeSH
- imunologická odpověď na dávku MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Actinobacillus imunologie mikrobiologie patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- injekce intradermální MeSH
- nemoci prasat imunologie mikrobiologie patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- plíce mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální krev MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae MeSH
- bakteriální pneumonie imunologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- bronchoalveolární lavážní tekutina cytologie imunologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Actinobacillus imunologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci prasat imunologie patologie MeSH
- podskupiny lymfocytů imunologie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- adenylátkinasa analýza MeSH
- DNA helmintů genetika chemie MeSH
- histocytochemie MeSH
- nemoci prasat epidemiologie parazitologie patologie MeSH
- protilátky helmintové krev MeSH
- Trichinella genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- trichinelóza epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
