The effect of microgravity on functional development of the small intestine of Japanese quails incubated for 2-3 d and hatched on the orbital station MIR was examined. After 5 d of space flight duodenal and jejunal alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity of the experimental group was compared with the AP activity in quails of the same age hatched on the Earth (laboratory controls). Short-term microgravity leading to decreased food intake resulted in significant increase of AP activity in both duodenal and jejunal enterocytes (P<0.001) of the experimental quails. The results suggest that increased AP activity probably reflects the delayed functional development of the small intestine as a consequence of inappropriate food intake during non-physiological conditions of space flight.
- MeSH
- alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus MeSH
- Coturnix růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- duodenum enzymologie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- enterocyty enzymologie metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- jejunum enzymologie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- kosmický let * MeSH
- novorozená zvířata MeSH
- přijímání potravy MeSH
- stav beztíže * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkalická fosfatasa MeSH
Insecticidal and repellent properties and residual action of permethrin and deltamethrin and two commercial preparations Peripel 55 and Permanone were investigated under laboratory and field conditions. The tests were conducted on ticks, mosquitoes and houseflies. Permethrin in concentrations of 0.036-2.276 mg.m-2 caused 90-100% mortality and deltamethrin in concentrations of 0.012-0.75 mg.m-2 induced 78-100% mortality in ticks after 24 hrs exposure (Table 1). Good repellent properties of the preparation Peripel 55 were confirmed in experiments on mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Table 2 and Fig. 1). Experiments confirmed good residual effects (Fig. 3 and 4) of the preparations tested. Peripel 55 retained 100% effectiveness up to 4 months and following two washings. The preparation Permanone exhibited 100% effectiveness for 1 month and a decrease in effectiveness to 52% after the first washing. In the period from June to September, the repellent properties of Permanone were observed in a group of 17 forestry women workers in a field trial. The index of repellency ranged from 57 to 80 (average 71) in June and July and from 40 to 100 (average 74) in August and September. The difference in the number of ticks that clung to the workers in the experimental group who had their clothes treated with the preparation tested was significant in comparison with the control group at p < 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01.
- MeSH
- Aedes MeSH
- Diptera MeSH
- klíště MeSH
- kousnutí a bodnutí hmyzem prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nitrily MeSH
- ochranné oděvy * MeSH
- permethrin MeSH
- pyrethriny * MeSH
- repelenty proti hmyzu * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- decamethrin MeSH Prohlížeč
- nitrily MeSH
- permethrin MeSH
- pyrethriny * MeSH
- repelenty proti hmyzu * MeSH
Serine proteases are involved in a number of biological processes requiring degradation of intracellular matrices in tissue growing and its rebuilding. These are situations during the growth and maturing of ovarian follicles and their conversion into corpus luteum. Trypsin activity of similar serine proteases are controlled by their inhibitors whose synthesis and secretion is regulated by endocrine, paracrine as well as autocrine mechanisms. The fertility in natural ovarian cycle is ensured by the balance between a number of factors. After superovulatory stimulations this balance is impaired to a different degree. The presented study has been aimed at the investigations of the effect of various combinations of serum gonadotropins (PMSG, Antex Leo, Denmark), choriongonadotropins (hCG, Praedyn, Léciva Praha, CR), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, Foliocotropin, Spofa, Léciva Praha, CR) and anti-PMSG (goats antiserum against PMSG, Bioveta Ivanovice, CR) administered in the oestrum period after synchronization (12 days) by Agelin vaginal sponges (20 mg of chlorosuperlutine per animal; Galena Komárov, SR) on changes of some reproduction characteristics in ovaries and levels of catecholamines in follicular fluid. Changes in the ovarian weight were statistically significant in groups after administration of combined PMSG + hCG (750 + 750 IU; p < 0.01), PMSG + hCG + anti-PMSG (750 + 750 + 5 ml; p < 0.02) doses of hormones and FSH (2 x 80 + 2 x 80 + 1 x 40 + 1 x 40 IU; p < 0.01) during 4 days. Average numbers of prominating follicles and trypsin-inhibitory activity (TIA) values of their follicular fluid (FT) were influenced by LH component of stimulating hormones what was, on the contrary, manifested as by occurrence of the category of follicles over 10 mm as by their significantly higher TIA FT (p < 0.01). In as much as mean values of TIA blood plasma which were on average 10 times lower than in FT, were changed in a different way, it is supposed that synthesis and secretion of TIA in FT is affected by local mechanisms (Gosden et al., 1988; Smokovitis et al., 1988; Monget et al., 1996). It follows from studies of the used hormonal preparations on levels of catecholamines in ovine follicular fluid that DA and NE concentrations changed in dependence on the superovulatory stimulation used. Administration of PMSG (1000 IU) resulted in significant decrease of DA levels (p < 0.01) and EPI (p < 0.05) in ovine follicular fluid. Anti-PMSG serum application partially modified the DA and EPI levels to those of the control group. After hormonal stimulation by PMSG and hCG different effect has been observed. Antisergon application after the given combination of hormones had no effect on the EPI and NE levels in ovine follicular fluid but resulted in the increase of DA content (p < 0.05). The most conspicuous effect on the catecholamine level in follicular fluid was induced by FSH after which follows a marked increase of DA (p < 0.01) and NE (p < 0.01) levels. Similar significant effect of FSH on the change of catecholamine levels and on MAO activity in reproductory organs of sheep and in regulatory regions of reproduction were recorded in our previous contributions.
- MeSH
- chlormadinon analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- choriogonadotropin farmakologie MeSH
- folikulární tekutina chemie MeSH
- folikuly stimulující hormon farmakologie MeSH
- gonadotropiny koňské farmakologie MeSH
- indukce ovulace veterinární MeSH
- ovarium anatomie a histologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- ovce fyziologie MeSH
- superovulace účinky léků MeSH
- velikost orgánu účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chlormadinon MeSH
- chlorsuperlutin MeSH Prohlížeč
- choriogonadotropin MeSH
- folikuly stimulující hormon MeSH
- gonadotropiny koňské MeSH
The immunomodulatory effect of levamisole (Decaris tbl.) in the course of acaricide therapy with amitraz (Taktic) on the functional activity of blood neutrophils (% of phagocytizing cells and ingestion capacity) and lymphocytes (blastogenic response to Con A) in dogs with uncomplicated generalized demodicosis (NGD) was studied. The level of examined parameters was evaluated before treatment, week 3 and 7 after the first application of these preparations; and compared with the values of NGD dogs treated only with amitraz and with those in clinically healthy dogs. In comparison with healthy dogs the initial level of examined activities of both cell populations was significantly depressed. A significantly earlier (4 weeks earlier) increase (when compared with values before treatment) of investigated activities of neutrophils and lymphocytes occurred in dogs treated with amitraz and levamisole in comparison with those in dogs treated only with amitraz. It was manifested especially significantly in phagocytosis, the ingestion capacity of neutrophils at this time of therapy has reached the level of those in healthy dogs. Functional activity of lymphocytes in both groups of NGD dogs has not reached a comparable value with that in healthy dogs either at the end of observation. The presented results indicate that significantly earlier improvement of functional activity of phagocytes and lymphocytes in demodectic dogs treated with amitraz and levamisole was connected with the immunorestorative effect of levamisole.
- MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická terapeutické užití MeSH
- infestace roztoči farmakoterapie imunologie veterinární MeSH
- insekticidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- levamisol terapeutické užití MeSH
- nemoci psů farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- psi MeSH
- toluidiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
- amitraz MeSH Prohlížeč
- insekticidy MeSH
- levamisol MeSH
- toluidiny MeSH
Cell proliferation and differentiation of developing fetus is influenced by hormones as well as insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins contained in amniotic fluid. Our purpose was to study the actual mitogenic activity of proteins and peptides present in the sheep amniotic fluid. The cell cycle regulatory activity was estimated by using mouse fibroblasts BP-A31 as target cells. The whole amniotic fluid was inactive. However, after removal of small molecules on Sephadex G-10, the fraction eluted in the void volume (M(r) > or = 0.7 kDa) was able to induce the cell division cycle in a significant proportion of quiescent fibroblasts (Fig. 1, fraction A; Fig. 2). By further gel chromatography of this active fraction at acidic condition on Sephadex G-50, two components with mitogenic activity were separated. One component was eluted immediately after the void volume of the column, the other one was coeluted with 125I-IGF-I (Fig. 3). The functional characteristics of mitogenic signal of both components (sensitivity to mitogenic effectors) were similar to those of IGF-I and insulin (Fig. 4). We suppose that a component with higher molecular weight eluted in the vicinity of the void volume of Sephadex G-50 represents probably IGFBPs or other similar proteins.
- MeSH
- buněčné dělení fyziologie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- fibroblasty cytologie MeSH
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor I izolace a purifikace MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- plodová voda chemie MeSH
- růstové látky izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor I MeSH
- růstové látky MeSH
HPLC method with solid phase extraction, and microbiological agar diffusion tests for determination of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) in bones, mechanically separated beef and bones were developed. Both mechanically separated bones and bovine flat bones showed the highest yield of tetracyclines by HPLC method. Among tetracyclines, the highest yield was determined in chlortetracycline. The strains of Bacillus subtilis (PH 6.0) and B. stearothermophilus showed the highest sensitivity to the presence of tetracyclines.
- MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky MeSH
- biotest MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň chemie MeSH
- masný průmysl MeSH
- maso analýza MeSH
- rezidua léčiv analýza MeSH
- skot MeSH
- tetracyklin analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- tetracyklin MeSH
The computer predicted secondary structures from the 5'-NC genome region of four border disease virus (BDV) strains collected from sheep in England and Scotland over a period 1976-1986 were prepared. The FOLD program from GCG sequence analysis software package was used for the analysis of a 243 bp RNA fragment. Two typical shapes of secondary structures were observed which contained multiple imperfect stem-loop motifs. The shape of those structures exactly fit with the grouping of BDV strains to two phylogenetic groups. Secondary structures are typical only of BDV strains and they are different from the structures prepared for NADL (BVDV) and Alfort (CSFV) strains.
- MeSH
- border disease virus genetika MeSH
- genom virový MeSH
- konformace nukleové kyseliny * MeSH
- ovce virologie MeSH
- RNA virová chemie genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- RNA virová MeSH
By the modification of the methods which are used for determination of amino acid uptake in the mammary gland and in the small intestine the uptake of 14C-lysine was measured in two parts of the sheep rumen epithelium in vitro. Three various lysine concentrations were used (0.95; 4.95 and 9.95 mM/l). Duration of the incubation was 15, 30 or 60 minutes. Comparison of the lysine distribution ratios as depending upon the duration of incubation period in the dorsal rumen sac at 9.95 mM/l concentration revealed significant differences between at the 15 min and 60 min incubation (0.952 +/- 0.089 vs 1.931 +/- 0.108; P < 0.05, respectively) and between 30 min and 60 min incubation (1.165 +/- 0.138 vs 1.931 +/- 0.108, P < 0.05, respectively)-Fig. 1. Comparison of the lysine distribution ratios as depending upon the duration of incubation period in the ventral rumen sac at 4.95 mM/l concentration revealed significant differences between the incubations of 15 and 30 min (1.182 +/- 0.131 vs 1.742 +/- 0.113; P < 0.05, respectively) and between the incubations of 15 and 60 min (1.182 +/- 0.131 vs 2.10 +/- 0.204; P < 0.05, respectively)-Fig. 2. Comparison of the lysine distribution ratios in both the dorsal and ventral sac as depending upon the duration of incubation period after 15 min incubation revealed a significant difference at the 4.95 mM/l concentration 1.619 +/- 0.078 vs 1.182 +/- 0.131; P < 0.05, respectively)-Fig. 3. Our results showed that the lysine uptake in the dorsal and ventral sheep rumen epithelium is dependent on the incubation duration only under certain concentrations of lysine. Differences in absorption of lysine between dorsal and ventral rumen epithelium are not mostly significant.
- MeSH
- bachor metabolismus MeSH
- epitel metabolismus MeSH
- lysin metabolismus MeSH
- ovce metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- lysin MeSH
Changes in microbiological parameters during the production of fine poultry salami was monitored in a private poultry-processing plant in Kosice within a period of six months. This product consists of meat paste or mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM), which is produced with the help of a Protecon MPB 30 E deboning machine, pork trimmings, water (in the form of crushed ice), salt, spices, and garlic paste. The main raw food material (hand-boned meat and skin from poultry carcasses intended for mechanical deboning), MDPM immediately after production, salted MDPM after its 24-hour-storage and ripening in the chiller, pork trimmings added to MDPM at an amount of 25%, prepared salami emulsion, and the final product (fine poultry salami) were examined for the presence of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms. The total plate count, the counts of indicatory microorganisms (Coliforms and Enterococci), Staphylococci, psychrotrophic, proteolytic and lipolytic bacteria were also determined according to the Slovak government regulations. The results of the quantitative microbiological examination are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. It follows from them that the microbial load of poultry skin is considerably higher than that of hand-boned meat. During the deboning process an increase in all microbial parameters (on average by 1-3 radices) was noticed as compared with the raw food material (defrosted poultry carcasses before the mechanical deboning). MDPM contained 10(4)-10(7) CFU/g; the count of coliforms ranged between 10(3) and 10(6)/g; the count of proteolytic and lipolytic bacteria between 10(4) and 10(6)/g; the count of Staphylococci and Enterococci between 10(2) and 10(4)/g. Staphylococcus aureus was discovered in about 50% samples of MDPM in an average concentration of 10(2)/g. In addition to the groups of bacteria listed above, a wide range of potentially pathogenic microorganisms belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, especially those of the genus Proteus, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter and Providencia, was also found in MDPM. In four cases Salmonella enteritidis was also detected in the samples of both the skin of chicken carcasses and the MDPM. The nitrate salting mixture added at a concentration of 2% did not significantly reduce the counts of bacteria present in the MDPM. The prepared salami emulsion was very high in all groups of microorganisms, which was also caused by the addition of pork trimmings. This component seems to be a very important source of microbial contamination, showing the following average bacterial counts: total plate count 4.8 x 10(6)/g, the count of psychrotrophic bacteria 1.0 x 10(6)/g, the count of coliforms 7.0 x 10(5)/g, the count of Enterococci 9.2 x 10(3)/g, the count of Staphylococci 3.0 x 10(4)/g, the count of proteolytic microorganisms 2.7 x 10(5)/g, and the count of lipolytic microorganisms 4.2 x 10(5)/g. However, heat treatment of the final product reliably and almost completely devitalized all the bacteria found in the salami emulsion before heat processing. No pathogenic or potentially pathogenic bacteria were detected in any sample of fine poultry salami. Quite a high number of bacteria in the salami emulsion was reduced by heat treatment to a final average value of 10(2)/g.
The authors prepared an experimental, inactivated, concentrated and highly purified rabies vaccine from the strain Vnukovo-32/107. The purification and concentration (simultaneous--in one operation) was carried out by affinity chromatography. The content of rabies antigen in the vaccine was 4.256 UE/cm3 (determined by ELISA method). The authors used their own lipoid adjuvant--type oil in water--to resolve lyophilized vaccine to original volume. It is based on esters of fatty the acids. The effectiveness--immunogenic activity--of the experimental preparation was compared with that of commercial rabies vaccines and the reference vaccine by means of the NIH and NRLR methods. The results obtained (2.826 units/cm3 by the NIH and 3.085 units/cm3 by the NRLR method) confirmed that the method of affinity chromatography could be used to prepare a rabies vaccine, exhibiting effectiveness superior to commercial preparations available, and complying with the WHO criteria.
- MeSH
- inaktivované vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- rabies prevence a kontrola veterinární MeSH
- vakcína proti vzteklině imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- inaktivované vakcíny MeSH
- vakcína proti vzteklině MeSH
