Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, even in developed countries. Prediction of sPTB is therefore a valuable tool to reduce the associated risks. The current standard for the prediction of sPTB consists, in addition to anamnestic data, of previous sPTB and previous second trimester miscarriage, measurement of cervical length by transvaginal ultrasound (TVU CL) together with assessment of fetal fibronectin levels in cervicovaginal fluid. Other evaluation parameters, such as the level of endocannabinoids in the pregnant woman's blood, could increase the sensitivity of this management. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are a part of the endocannabinoid system (ECS); out of them anandamide (arachidonoyl-ethanolamide, AEA), in particular, plays an important role in the regulation of pregnancy and childbirth. We present the protocol for an open, non-randomized study to evaluate concentrations of AEA and other endocannabinoids: 2 linoleoylglycerol (2-AG), 2 linoleoylglycerol (2-LG), 2 oleoylglycerol (2-OG), and 2 arachidonoyldopamine (2-ADOPA or also NADA) in the blood of pregnant women as potential predictors of sPTB. In a total of 230 women with a history of sPTB or miscarriage, eCBs levels between 22 and 28 weeks of gestation will be assessed from maternal blood, in addition to the standard procedure. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between blood concentrations of the endocannabinoids tested and the risk of sPTB. The results of this study will describe the prognostic significance of maternal blood eCBs levels for sPTB, and could subsequently enable improved screening programs for early identification of sPTB.
- MeSH
- druhý trimestr těhotenství MeSH
- endokanabinoidy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předčasný porod * diagnóza MeSH
- samovolný potrat * MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- anandamide MeSH Prohlížeč
- endokanabinoidy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To follow on the epidemiology of HCV, especially genotypes spreading among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Prague and surrounding Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. METHODS: 546 patients who reported past and/or recent injecting of drugs were recruited in the years 2010-2012. They were initially tested for anti-HCV. Real-time PCR was used for quantification and genotyping of hepatitis C virus. Obtained data from the years 2010-2012 were compared with historical controls from periods of 1998-2000 and 2005-2007. RESULTS: Of 546 initially recruited and tested patients were 393 (72%) anti-HCV seropositive and of them 269 (68.4%) had detectable HCV PCR RNA. The most prevalent subtype was 3a in 97 patients (36.1%), 1a was detected in 85 patients (31.6%) and 1b in 57 patients (21.2%). These three genotypes were responsible for nearly 89% of infections. CONCLUSION: Significant increase in both genotypes 1a and 3a over the 15 years was apparent and significant, followed by the decrease in genotype 1b. In the genotype 1b and genotype 3a the significance has risen with the years of data collection. Described genotypic shift reflects the evolution of HCV epidemics and corresponds with the mode of transmission.
- Klíčová slova
- Czech Republic, HCV, HCV genotypes, people who inject drugs,
- MeSH
- genotyp * MeSH
- Hepacivirus * MeSH
- hepatitida C * epidemiologie genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
A library of thirty two 3,4-diphenylfuranones related to both combretastatin A-4 and antifungal 5-(acyloxymethyl)-3-(halophenyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ones was prepared. Cytotoxic effects on a panel of cancer and normal cell lines and antiinfective activity were evaluated, and the data were complemented with tests for the activation of caspase 3 and 7. High cytotoxicity was observed in some of the halogenated analogues, eg. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one with IC50 0.12-0.23 μM, but the compounds were also highly toxic against non-malignant control cells. More importantly, notable antibacterial activity indicating G+ selectivity has been found in the 3,4-diarylfuranone class of compounds for the first time. Hydroxymethylation of furanone C5 knocked out cytotoxic effects (up to 40 μM) while maintaining significant activity against Staphylococcus strains in some derivatives. MIC95 of the most promising compound, 3-(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one against S. aureus strain ATCC 6538 was 0.98 μM (0.38 μg/mL) and 3.9 μM (1.52 μg/mL) after 24 and 48 h, respectively.
- Klíčová slova
- Antibacterial, Combretafuranone, Combretastatin analogue, Cytotoxic, Furanone, Synthesis,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antifungální látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- furany chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- houby účinky léků MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- antifungální látky MeSH
- furany MeSH
The transfer of protons or proton donor/acceptor abilities is an important phenomenon in many biomolecular systems. One example is the recently proposed peptidic proton-wires (H-wires), but the ability of these His-containing peptides to transfer protons has only been studied at the theoretical level so far. Here, for the first time the proton transfer ability of peptidic H-wires is examined experimentally in an adsorbed state using an approach based on a label-free electrocatalytic reaction. The experimental findings are complemented by theoretical calculations at the ab initio level in a vacuum and in an implicit solvent. Experimental and theoretical results indicated Ala3(His-Ala2)6 to be a high proton-affinity peptidic H-wire model. The methodology presented here could be used for the further investigation of the proton-exchange chemistry of other biologically or technologically important macromolecules.
A new extraction technique based on the off-line combination of pressurized-liquid with solid-phase extraction (PLE-SPE) is described. The method was used for the extraction of bioactive phenolic acids (protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric, salicylic acid), cinnamic acid and hydroxybenzaldehydes (p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin) from in vitro culture of two freshwater algae (Anabaena doliolum and Spongiochloris spongiosa) and from food products of marine macroalgae Porphyra tenera (nori) and Undaria pinnatifida (wakame). For the identification and quantification of the compounds the molecular ions [M-H](-) and specific fragments were analyzed by quadrupole mass spectrometry analyzer connected on-line with a reversed-phase HPLC system. Our analysis showed that the freshwater algae and marine algal products contained submicrogram or microgram level of above-mentioned phenols per gram of lyophilized sample. In addition, the total phenol content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay) and antioxidant activity (TEAC assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay) of the PLE-SPE extracts were determined and discussed.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza chemie MeSH
- biologie sladkých vod metody MeSH
- cinnamáty analýza chemie MeSH
- Eukaryota chemie MeSH
- extrakce na pevné fázi metody MeSH
- fenoly analýza chemie MeSH
- kyselina benzoová analýza chemie MeSH
- mořská voda chemie MeSH
- on-line systémy * MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- cinnamáty MeSH
- cinnamic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- fenoly MeSH
- kyselina benzoová MeSH
In the present paper a new extraction technique based on the combination of solid-phase/supercritical-fluid extraction (SPE/SFE) with subsequent reversed-phase HPLC is described. The SPE/SFE extractor was originally constructed from SPE-cartridge incorporated into the SFE extraction cell. Selected groups of benzoic acid derivatives (p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, gallic, vanillic and syringic acid), hydroxybenzaldehydes (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) and cinnamic acid derivatives (o-coumaric, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, sinapic and chlorogenic acid) were extracted. Cyclic addition of binary extraction solvent system based on methanol:water (1:1, v/v) and methanol/ammonia aqueous solution was used for extraction at 40MPa and 80 degrees C. The p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, vanillic, syringic, caffeic and chlorogenic acid; 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde were identified by HPLC-electrospray mass spectrometry in SPE/SFE extracts of acid hydrolyzates of microalga (Spongiochloris spongiosa) and cyanobacterial strains (Spirulina platensis, Anabaena doliolum, Nostoc sp., and Cylindrospermum sp.). For the identification and quantification of the compounds the quasi-molecular ions [M-H](-) and specific fragments were analysed by quadrupole mass spectrometry analyzer. Our analysis showed that the microalgae and cyanobacteria usually contained phenolic acids or aldehydes at microg levels per gram of lyophilized sample. The proposed SPE/SFE extraction method would be useful for the analysis of different plant species containing trace amount of polar fraction of phenols.
- MeSH
- aldehydy analýza chemie MeSH
- Chlorophyta chemie MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- extrakce na pevné fázi metody MeSH
- fenoly analýza chemie MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- methanol chemie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- sinice chemie MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- tlak MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- aldehydy MeSH
- fenoly MeSH
- methanol MeSH
Complete separation of aglycones and glucosides of selected isoflavones (genistin, genistein, daidzin, daidzein, glycitin, glycitein, ononin, sissotrin, formononetin, and biochanin A) was possible in 1.5 min using an ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (U-HPLC) on a different particular chemically modified stationary phases with a particle size under 2 microm. In addition, selected separation conditions for simultaneous determination of isoflavones together with a group of phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acid) allowed separation of all 19 compounds in 1.9 min. Separations were conducted on a non-polar reversed phase (C(18)) and also on more polar phases with cyanopropyl or phenyl groups using a gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0.3% aqueous acetic acid and methanol. Chromatographic peaks were characterised using parameters such as resolution, symmetry, selectivity, etc. Individual substances were identified and quantified using UV-vis diode array detector at wavelength 270 nm. Limits of detection (3S/N) were in the range 200-400 pg ml(-1). Proposed U-HPLC technique was used for separation of isoflavones and phenolic acids in samples of plant materials (Trifolium pratense, Glycine max, Pisum sativum and Ononis spinosa) after acid hydrolysis of the samples and modified Soxhlet extraction.
- MeSH
- genistein chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Glycine max chemie MeSH
- hrách setý chemie MeSH
- hydroxybenzoáty chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- isoflavony chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kyselina gallová analogy a deriváty chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kyselina vanilová chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kyseliny kávové chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kyseliny kumarové chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- propionáty MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Trifolium chemie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biochanin A MeSH Prohlížeč
- caffeic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- daidzein MeSH Prohlížeč
- daidzin MeSH Prohlížeč
- ferulic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- formononetin MeSH Prohlížeč
- genistein MeSH
- genistin MeSH Prohlížeč
- glycitein MeSH Prohlížeč
- glycitin MeSH Prohlížeč
- hydroxybenzoáty MeSH
- isoflavony MeSH
- kyselina gallová MeSH
- kyselina vanilová MeSH
- kyseliny kávové MeSH
- kyseliny kumarové MeSH
- p-coumaric acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- phenolic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- propionáty MeSH
- protocatechuic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- sinapinic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- syringic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
Isoflavones belong to the natural substances exhibiting a number of physiological effects in living organisms. The substances are synthesized in plant tissues as protective agents against biotic stress (i.e. bacterial infection). Isoflavones are also an important dietary constituent in human nutrition. The review discusses modern trends in the studies of isoflavones in plant materials and foodstuffs and procedures for chemical analyses of isoflavones in human body fluids and plant tissues. Highly effective extraction and purification techniques, i.e. solid-phase extraction (SFE), accelerated-solvent extraction (ASE), and Soxhlet extraction, are presented. Latest procedures in chromatographic separation of isoflavones that apply different types of stationary phases are described. Immunochemical analysis, electrochemical sensing of isoflavones, spectrometric and other analytical techniques and their applications are also mentioned. Special attention is focused on a highly selective and sensitive technique of mass spectrometry and its application for identification of isoflavones and their glucosides in plants. Studies of interactions of isoflavones with cell receptors and a number of biologically active substances such as DNA and proteins are described. The reason for the presentation of the review was not to give a full overview of the presented topics but mainly to show modern and the most recent methods in the studies of isoflavones.
- MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- isoflavony analýza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- isoflavony MeSH
A rapid-resolution HPLC/UV-VIS DAD separation method (which takes <1 min) for the determination and identification of genistin, genistein, daidzein, daidzin, glycitin, glycitein, ononin, formononetin, sissotrin and biochanin A in fmol quantities in submicroliter sample volumes was optimized. A linear gradient elution (0 min 22% B, 1.0 min 80% B, 1.4 min 100% B, 1.8 min 22% B) using a mobile phase containing 0.2 % (v/v) acetic acid (solvent A) and methanol (solvent B) was applied on a Zorbax SB C18 column (1.8 microm particle size) at 80 degrees C. The method was verified using samples of bits of soy and methanolic extracts from Trifolium pratense, Iresine herbstii and Ononis spinosa plants. Pseudobaptigenin glucoside, irilone, prunetin, texasin, tlatlancuayin and other isoflavones, in addition to aglycones of isoflavones and their beta-glucosides and malonyl and acetyl derivatives, were identified by UV-VIS DAD and electrospray mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) detection in the extracts.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- Glycine max chemie MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací MeSH
- isoflavony analýza chemie MeSH
- methanol chemie MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- rostlinné přípravky chemie MeSH
- spektrofotometrie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- isoflavony MeSH
- methanol MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- rostlinné přípravky MeSH
