In recent years, monitoring of vitamin D levels and possible use of supplementation is gaining attention. Numerous studies showed low levels of vitamin D in winter months followed by improvement during summer. These changes are mostly dependent on the level of sun exposure, but also on geographical location, genetic factors, social-economic status, quality of nutrition and environmental pollution. In this observation we found significant decrease in vitamin D levels in populations exposed to extreme environmental pollution in area of central Europe. This region is known for extreme burden from microparticles originating in chemical industry, surface coal mining and cold-based power stations. Vitamin D levels in all patients was determined by ELISA. Using 540 patients in our department of clinical immunology and allergology we measured the levels of vitamin D in 2016 to 2021 period. In only 4 patients (0.74 %) we found vitamin D levels higher than 30 ng/ml. The curve of observed values does not reflect dependency on sun exposure and does not change during the year. We discuss the effect of environmental contaminants, lifestyle and economic and social factors. From our observations, we propose to directly supplement population with vitamin D, particularly children and seniors. From our observations, we propose to directly supplement population with vitamin D, particularly children and seniors.
- Klíčová slova
- Pollution, environment, health risk, vitamin, vitamin D,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vitamin D * MeSH
- vitaminy * MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Názvy látek
- vitamin D * MeSH
- vitaminy * MeSH
Delayed ejaculation belongs to the group of sexual disorders in men. The causes of delayed ejaculation or anejaculation are not exactly known. It is assumed that it can be caused by psychogenic or organic influences or their combinations. One of the causes of delayed ejaculation may be elevated prolactin levels, which may be increased by psychosocial stress, pituitary disorders or also treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of depression. We tested a selected group of 50 men who were diagnosed with a depressive disorder and whose antidepressant treatment lasted for at least 24 weeks. These patients reported long-term delayed ejaculation or, in some cases, anejaculation as comorbidity. The results showed significant Spearman's correlation between elevated prolactin levels and intravaginal ejaculation latency values (R = 0.45), as well as between Beck's Depression-II inventory and intravaginal ejaculation latency and latency values (R = 0.48).
- Klíčová slova
- beck depression inventory-II, delayed ejaculation, depression, hyperprolactinemia,
- MeSH
- depresivní poruchy * MeSH
- ejakulace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předčasná ejakulace * etiologie MeSH
- prolaktin MeSH
- selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- sexuální dysfunkce fyziologická * etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- prolaktin MeSH
- selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu MeSH
Endometriosis is a complex and chronic estrogen-dependent disease, affecting a significant proportion of women of reproductive age. Despite the long interest and extensive research, the pathogenesis of the disease is still debated. Although available non-invasive diagnostic methods have adequate accuracy, an invasive approach by laparoscopy is often necessary to obtain histological confirmation. In this scenario, the search for an accurate, reliable, cost-effective, clinically applicable non-invasive biomarker plays a crucial role in a potentially early diagnosis and, in this way, shape the future management of the disease. Considering these elements, the current review aims to summarize the most significant and novel results about biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of women affected by endometriosis.
- Klíčová slova
- Biomarker, CA-125, Endometriosis, Human epididymis protein 4, Immunology, MicroRNA, Stem cells,
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- endometrióza * diagnóza patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické markery MeSH
Endometriosis is described as the presence of both endometrial glandular and stromal cells outside the uterine cavity. A major characterization of this disease is ectopic implantation of endometrial cells with increased migration. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity among premenopausal women, with a prevalence of 10-16% of women of reproductive age. Despite over century of intensive research, none of the current treatment options represents a real cure. Based on the current knowledge, endometriosis, particularly its atypical version, is considered to be a transitional form from benign disease to tumour. However, the exact mechanisms of this conversion are still not fully established.
- Klíčová slova
- cancer, endometriosis, ovarian cancer,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The concept of trained immunity has become one of the most interesting and potentially commercially and clinically relevant ideas of current immunology. Trained immunity is realized by the epigenetic reprogramming of non-immunocompetent cells, primarily monocytes/macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, and is less specific than adaptive immunity; therefore, it may cross-protect against other infectious agents. It remains possible, however, that some of the observed changes are simply caused by increased levels of immune reactions resulting from supplementation with immunomodulators, such as glucan. In addition, the question of whether we can talk about trained immunity in cells with a life span of only few days is still unresolved.
- Klíčová slova
- NK cells, basophils, glucan, macrophages, trained immunity,
- MeSH
- adaptivní imunita * MeSH
- beta-glukany metabolismus MeSH
- buněčná imunita MeSH
- buňky NK imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- homeostáza imunologie MeSH
- leukocyty imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfocyty imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- makrofágy imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- monocyty imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- náchylnost k nemoci MeSH
- přirozená imunita * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- beta-glukany MeSH
Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most widespread chronic liver disease in the world. It can evolve into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) where inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning are key participants in the determination of this steatotic state.Areas covered: To provide a systematic overview and current understanding of the role of inflammation in NAFLD and its progression to NASH, the function of the cells involved, and the activation pathways of the innate immunity and cell death; resulting in inflammation and chronic liver disease. A PubMed search was made with relevant articles together with relevant references were included for the writing of this review.Expert opinion: Innate and adaptive immunity are the key players in the NAFLD progression; some of the markers presented during NAFLD are also known to be immunity biomarkers. All cells involved in NAFLD and NASH are known to have immunoregulatory properties and their imbalance will completely change the cytokine profile and form a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. It is necessary to fully answer the question of what initiators and metabolic imbalances are particularly important, considering sterile inflammation as the architect of the disease. Due to the shortage of elucidation of NASH progression, we discuss in this review, how inflammation is a key part of this development and we presume the targets should lead to inflammation and oxidative stress treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- Fat, immune system, inflammation, liver, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, steatosis, sterile inflammation,
- MeSH
- adaptivní imunita imunologie MeSH
- hepatocyty imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- interakce mezi receptory a ligandy imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- Kupfferovy buňky imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- nealkoholová steatóza jater imunologie patofyziologie MeSH
- oxidační stres imunologie MeSH
- přirozená imunita imunologie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- regulovaná buněčná smrt imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- zánět imunologie patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata and traditionally used in Chinese and Indian medicine. Reported effects include anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer functions. Most of the studies support the hypothesis that andrographolide supplementation stimulates immune system, so the observed effects migh in fact be secondary to the stimulation of defense reactions. As andrographolide is involved in regulation of inflammation, it is not surprising that it is also evaluated in inflammation-mediated diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Anticancer effects of the andrographolide have been tested on various cancer panels. Colon cancer, breast cancer, and head and neck carcinomas were the most investigated, followed by prostate cancer and glioblastoma. The results looked promising. However, problems with solubility and low level of active substance in natural extract leads to preparation of chemical analogs. Objective of this short review is to summarize current knowledge of the biological effects of andragrapholide. We conclude that despite documented effects and some partly characterized mechanisms of action, more research is clearly needed. At present, the doses, types of treatment and possible negative side effects are not yet established. In addition, various isolations and compound formulas have been used for treatment of various diseases, making final conclusions problematic.
- Klíčová slova
- Andrographolide (AG), cancer, immunity, infection, signaling,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
In developed countries, endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy in postmenopausal women. At the same time, EC has become one of the most common cancers in numerous developing countries, probably influenced by global epidemic of obesity. The majority of patients have low-grade endometrioid cancer with a high 5-year survival rate, but with high-risk EC, the survival rates are still rather low. However, despite intensive research in last decades, our knowledge of the mechanisms, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment have not significantly improved. The standard treatment of all types of EC is still a traditional combination of surgery, irradiation and/or chemotherapy, despite the fact that each of these options is not without having some negative side effects. Despite the fact that on the molecular level, EC is relatively well-studied, but the efforts to transform these findings into either diagnosis or therapies of EC remain elusive. In addition, some research into risk factors involved in the development or progression of EC seems to be more a fishing expedition than a well thought-out approach. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent developments in the search for biomarkers and prognostic markers and to discuss the progress in EC treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- Biomarkers, endometrial cancer (EC), risk factors,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Administration of β-glucans through various routes, including immersion, dietary inclusion, or injection, have been found to stimulate various facets of immune responses, such as resistance to infections and resistance to environmental stress. β-Glucans used as an immunomodulatory food supplement have been found beneficial in eliciting immunity in commercial aquaculture. Despite extensive research involving more than 3000 published studies, knowledge of the receptors involved in recognition of β-glucans, their downstream signaling, and overall mechanisms of action is still lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss what is currently known about of the use of β-glucans in fish.
- Klíčová slova
- feeding, fish, glucan, health, immunity, infection,
- MeSH
- beta-glukany aplikace a dávkování metabolismus MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- imunologické faktory farmakologie MeSH
- přirozená imunita * MeSH
- ryby imunologie MeSH
- vodní hospodářství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- beta-glukany MeSH
- imunologické faktory MeSH
Vaccination constitutes one of the major breakthroughs in human medicine. At the same time, development of more immunogenic vaccine alternatives to using aluminium-based adjuvants is one of the most important phases of vaccination development. Among different sources of carbohydrate polymers, including plants, microbes and synthetic sources tested, glucans were found to be the most promising vaccine adjuvant, as they alone stimulate various immune reactions including antibody production without any negative side effects. The use of glucan particles as a delivery system is a viable option based on the documented efficient antigen loading and receptor-targeted uptake in antigen-presenting cells. In addition to particles, soluble glucans can be used as novel hydrogels or as direct immunocyte-targeting delivery systems employing novel complexes with oligodeoxynucleotides. This review focuses on recent advances in glucan-based vaccine development from glucan-based conjugates to a glucan-based delivery and adjuvant platform.
- Klíčová slova
- cancer, diseases, experimental animals, processes, subject, vaccination,
- MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická * MeSH
- beta-glukany imunologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- hydrogely terapeutické užití MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oligodeoxyribonukleotidy MeSH
- prezentace antigenu MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- adjuvancia imunologická * MeSH
- beta-glukany MeSH
- hydrogely MeSH
- oligodeoxyribonukleotidy MeSH
- vakcíny MeSH
