To identify a novel optimized strategy for preventing fraudulent substitutions of squid species and origins, forty European squids (Loligo vulgaris) and forty flying squids (Todarodes sagittatus) from the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean were analyzed for δ13C, δ15N, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, and Lu using isotope ratio mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. While δ13C and δ15N variations were mainly species-related, they alone could not reliably distinguish samples. To address this issue, decision rules were developed using Classification and Regression Tree analysis. Threshold values for δ13C (-19.91‰), δ15N (14.87‰), and Pr (0.49 μg kg-1) enabled successful discrimination among Mediterranean European squids, Atlantic European squids, Mediterranean flying squids, and Atlantic flying squids, achieving over 90% accuracy, 81% precision, 80% sensitivity, and 93% specificity. This method holds promise for enhancing traceability and safety in the seafood industry, ensuring product integrity and consumer trust.
- Klíčová slova
- Light stable isotopes, country-of-origin labelling, Machine learning, Rare earth elements, Traceability,
- MeSH
- Decapodiformes * chemie MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie * MeSH
- izotopy dusíku analýza MeSH
- izotopy uhlíku * analýza MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lanthanoidy * chemie analýza MeSH
- potrava z moře (živočišná) * analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Atlantský oceán MeSH
- Středozemní moře MeSH
- Názvy látek
- izotopy dusíku MeSH
- izotopy uhlíku * MeSH
- lanthanoidy * MeSH
The measurement and analysis of fifty-two elements by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and direct mercury analysis were applied to origin discrimination of Italian traditional cuttlefish (Chioggia, Venice lagoon) from Mediterranean and Atlantic samples. A total 68 specimens were analyzed in triplicates to generate 204 mass spectra profiles which were statistically processed by different chemometric techniques. Loading weights from principal component analysis as input for linear discriminant analysis (LW-LDA), stepwise-LDA (S-LDA) and variable influence of projection-partial least square discriminant analysis (VIP-PLS-DA) were used to classify samples while retaining the lowest possible number of key variables. VIP-PLS-DA was found to be the best variable selection-discriminant tool combo since the selected Na-Co-B-K-Cd-V-U-Rb-Ni-Ba-Cu-As-Sr-Mn-Mo-Li-Ca-Mg-Se-Bi-Cs-P-Y elemental pattern allowed the samples to be classified with 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
- Klíčová slova
- Chemometrics, Element profiling, Fishery products, Geographical origin, ICP-MS,
- MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- Decapodiformes chemie metabolismus MeSH
- diskriminační analýza MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- metoda nejmenších čtverců MeSH
- mikrovlny MeSH
- rtuť analýza MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Středomoří MeSH
- Názvy látek
- rtuť MeSH
- stopové prvky MeSH
A marked 120 My gap in the fossil record of vampire squids separates the only extant species (Vampyroteuthis infernalis) from its Early Cretaceous, morphologically-similar ancestors. While the extant species possesses unique physiological adaptations to bathyal environments with low oxygen concentrations, Mesozoic vampyromorphs inhabited epicontinental shelves. However, the timing of their retreat towards bathyal and oxygen-depleted habitats is poorly documented. Here, we document a first record of a post-Mesozoic vampire squid from the Oligocene of the Central Paratethys represented by a vampyromorph gladius. We assign Necroteuthis hungarica to the family Vampyroteuthidae that links Mesozoic loligosepiids with Recent Vampyroteuthis. Micropalaeontological, palaeoecological, and geochemical analyses demonstrate that Necroteuthis hungarica inhabited bathyal environments with bottom-water anoxia and high primary productivity in salinity-stratified Central Paratethys basins. Vampire squids were thus adapted to bathyal, oxygen-depleted habitats at least since the Oligocene. We suggest that the Cretaceous and the early Cenozoic OMZs triggered their deep-sea specialization.
- MeSH
- aklimatizace * MeSH
- biologická evoluce * MeSH
- Decapodiformes metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- hypoxie MeSH
- kyslík metabolismus MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- oceány a moře MeSH
- rentgenová mikrotomografie MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- zkameněliny * ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- oceány a moře MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kyslík MeSH
Population structure and biogeography of marine organisms are formed by different drivers than in terrestrial organisms. Yet, very little information is available even for common marine organisms and even less for their associated parasites. Here we report the first analysis of population structure of both a cephalopod host (Sepia officinalis) and its dicyemid parasite, based on a homologous molecular marker (cytochrome oxidase I). We show that the population of common cuttlefish in the Mediterranean area is fragmented into subpopulations, with some areas featuring restricted level of gene flow. Amongst the studied areas, Sardinia was genetically the most diverse and Cyprus the most isolated. At a larger scale, across the Mediterranean, the population structure of the parasite shows co-diversification pattern with its host, but a slower rate of diversification. Differences between the two counterparts are more obvious at a finer scale, where parasite populations show increased level of fragmentation and lower local diversities. This discrepancy can be caused by local extinctions and replacements taking place more frequently in the dicyemid populations, due to their parasitic lifestyle.
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce * MeSH
- paraziti klasifikace MeSH
- populační genetika * MeSH
- Sepia klasifikace parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Středozemní moře MeSH
It is advisable to monitor and regulate inorganic arsenic (iAs) in food and feedstuff. This work describes an update and validation of a method of selective hydride generation (HG) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for high-throughput screening of iAs content in seafood samples after microwave-assisted extraction with diluted nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. High concentration of HCl (8 M) for HG along with hydrogen peroxide in samples of a same concentration as used for extraction leads to a selective conversion of iAs to volatile arsine that is released and transported to the detector. A minor contribution from methylarsonate (≈20% to iAs) was found, while HG from dimethylarsinate, trimethylarsine oxide is substantially suppressed (less than 1% to iAs). Methodology was applied to Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) TORT-3, DORM-3, DORM-4, DOLT-4, DOLT-5, PRON-1, SQID-1 and ERM-CE278k, in some of them iAs has been determined for the first time, and to various seaweed samples from a local store. The results were always compared with a reference method and selectivity of iAs determination was evaluated. An inter-laboratory reproducibility was tested by comparative analyses of six fish and four seaweed samples in three European laboratories, with good agreement of the results. The method of HG-ICP-MS is sensitive (limit of detection 2 μg kg-1 iAs), well suited for screening of large number of samples and selective at iAs concentration levels at which maximum limits are expected to be set into EU legislation for marine samples.
- Klíčová slova
- Certified reference materials, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Inorganic arsenic, Interlaboratory comparison, Selective hydride generation, Speciation analysis,
- MeSH
- arsen analýza MeSH
- Decapoda (Crustacea) chemie MeSH
- Decapodiformes chemie MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- kyselina chlorovodíková chemie MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- měkkýši, korýši analýza MeSH
- mlži chemie MeSH
- mořské řasy chemie MeSH
- perchloráty chemie MeSH
- peroxid vodíku chemie MeSH
- potravní rybí proteiny analýza MeSH
- Squalidae MeSH
- vodík chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- arsen MeSH
- kyselina chlorovodíková MeSH
- perchloráty MeSH
- Perchloric Acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- peroxid vodíku MeSH
- potravní rybí proteiny MeSH
- vodík MeSH
Three new species of dicyemid mesozoans are described for the first time from Australian octopus and cuttlefish species. Dicyemennea floscephalum sp. n. is described from Octopus berrima Stranks et Norman (southern keeled octopus) collected from Spencer Gulf and Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia, Australia and represents the first description of a species of Dicyemennea Whitman, 1883 from Australian waters. Dicyema papuceum sp. n. and D. furuyi sp. n. are described from Sepia papuensis Hoyle (Papuan cuttlefish) collected from Shark Bay, Western Australia, Australia. Dicyemennea floscephalum sp. n. is a medium to large species that reaches approximately 4.9 mm in length. The vermiform stages are characterised by having 23-28 peripheral cells, and a disc-shaped, flower-like calotte in larger individuals. An anterior abortive axial cell is absent in vermiform embryos and verruciform cells were not observed in nematogens and rhombogens. Infusoriform embryos comprise 37 cells; one nucleus is present in each urn cell. Dicyema papuceum sp. n. is a small species that reaches approximately 1.1 mm in length. The vermiform stages are characterised by having 30-33 peripheral cells and a relatively small, cap-shaped calotte. An anterior abortive axial cell is absent in vermiform embryos and verruciform cells were occasionally observed in nematogens. Infusoriform embryos comprise 37 cells; two nuclei are present in each urn cell. Dicyema furuyi sp. n. is a large species that reaches approximately 5.3 mm in length. The vermiform stages are characterised by having 22-24 peripheral cells and an elongate calotte. An anterior abortive axial cell is absent in vermiform embryos and verruciform cells were not observed in nematogens and rhombogens. Infusoriform embryos comprise 37 cells; one nucleus is present in each urn cell. Three secondary nematogens were also observed in the right renal appendages of two host individuals, confirming the occurrence of this form.
- MeSH
- bezobratlí anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- Decapodiformes parazitologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- Octopodiformes parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
Concentration of melanosomes in various tissues has been unknown because of the impracticability of their direct quantification. Using an indirect approach comprising the estimation of melanin both in freeze-dried tissue samples and in isolated melanosomes, we obtained data on the amount of melanosomes in various pigment tissues. The concentrations of melanosomes found in the tissues were relatively high, not only reflecting the dark color of pigment tissues but also explaining their capacity to perform various functions ascribed to the presence of melanin.
- MeSH
- biologické pigmenty * MeSH
- Decapodiformes cytologie MeSH
- inkoust MeSH
- koně MeSH
- křečci praví MeSH
- křeček rodu Mesocricetus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melanocyty * MeSH
- melanom patologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- psi MeSH
- skot MeSH
- vlasy, chlupy cytologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- křečci praví MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- psi MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické pigmenty * MeSH
