In recent years, growing attention has been focused on the utilization of natural sources of antioxidants in the prevention of chronic diseases. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) represents a lesser known fruit species utilized mainly as juices, purees, jams, jellies and wine, as important food colorants or nutritional supplements. The fruit is valued as a great source of antioxidants, especially polyphenols, such as phenolic acids (neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids) and flavonoids (anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavanols and flavonols), particularly cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside, as well as (-)-epicatechin units. The berries of A. melanocarpa, due to the presence and the high content of these bioactive components, exhibit a wide range of positive effects, such as strong antioxidant activity and potential medicinal and therapeutic benefits (gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antiproliferative or anti-inflammatory activities). They could be also contributory toward the prevention of chronic diseases including metabolic disorders, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, because of supportive impacts on lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure levels.

• Klíčová slova
• Aronia melanocarpa, bioactive compounds, black chokeberry, chronic diseases, prevention,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• chronická nemoc prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ovoce chemie   MeSH
• Photinia chemie   MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• polyfenoly aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• polyfenoly MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Nowadays, much research attention is focused on underutilized berry crops due to the high antioxidant activity of fruits. Black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.) represents an important source of flavonols (quercetin, rutin, myricetin, naringenin, naringin, morin, and kaempferol) and anthocyanins. The fruit components could be utilised as natural colourants or as a part of functional foods and, because of the high antioxidant activity, the berries of black crowberry can be used in the treatment of diseases accompanied with inflammation, or as an effective antibacterial and antifungal remedy. Moreover, the reduction of lipid accumulation and total cholesterol as well as an improvement of postprandial hyperglycaemia have been proven. This review summarizes for the first time the main antioxidants (flavonoids) of black crowberry fruits, with a focus on their health promoting activity.

• Klíčová slova
• anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, flavonoids, phenolic acids, polyphenols,
• MeSH
• Ericaceae chemie   MeSH
• flavonoidy farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ovoce chemie   MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• flavonoidy MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Quercetin is the great representative of polyphenols, flavonoids subgroup, flavonols. Its main natural sources in foods are vegetables such as onions, the most studied quercetin containing foods, and broccoli; fruits (apples, berry crops, and grapes); some herbs; tea; and wine. Quercetin is known for its antioxidant activity in radical scavenging and anti-allergic properties characterized by stimulation of immune system, antiviral activity, inhibition of histamine release, decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, leukotrienes creation, and suppresses interleukin IL-4 production. It can improve the Th1/Th2 balance, and restrain antigen-specific IgE antibody formation. It is also effective in the inhibition of enzymes such as lipoxygenase, eosinophil and peroxidase and the suppression of inflammatory mediators. All mentioned mechanisms of action contribute to the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties of quercetin that can be effectively utilized in treatment of late-phase, and late-late-phase bronchial asthma responses, allergic rhinitis and restricted peanut-induced anaphylactic reactions. Plant extract of quercetin is the main ingredient of many potential anti-allergic drugs, supplements and enriched products, which is more competent in inhibiting of IL-8 than cromolyn (anti-allergic drug disodium cromoglycate) and suppresses IL-6 and cytosolic calcium level increase.

• Klíčová slova
• anti-allergic effect, anti-inflammatory properties, flavonoids, immune response, quercetin,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Brassica chemie   MeSH
• česneky chemie   MeSH
• flavonoly imunologie   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• histamin imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• imunoglobulin E biosyntéza   MeSH
• interleukin-4 biosyntéza   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přirozená imunita účinky léků   MeSH
• quercetin imunologie   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• rovnováha Th1-Th2 účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• flavonoly MeSH
• histamin MeSH
• IL4 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• imunoglobulin E MeSH
• interleukin-4 MeSH
• quercetin MeSH

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactive substances in 19 berry cultivars of edible honeysuckle (Lonicera edulis). A statistical evaluation was used to determine the relationship between the content of selected bioactive substances and individual cultivars. Regarding mineral elements, the content of sodium was measured using potentiometry and spectrophotometry. The content of selected polyphenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity was determined by a HPLC-UV/ED method. The total amount of polyphenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was determined using five methods (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, FR and DMPD) that differ in their principles. The content of 13 amino acids was determined by ion-exchange chromatography. The experimental results obtained for the different cultivars were evaluated and compared by statistical and bioinformatic methods. A unique feature of this study lies in the exhaustive analysis of the chosen parameters (amino acids, mineral elements, polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity) during one growing season.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny analýza   MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• chromatografie iontoměničová MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• Lonicera chemie   genetika   MeSH
• minerály analýza   MeSH
• ovoce chemie   MeSH
• polyfenoly analýza   chemie   MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• polyfenoly MeSH

Dry matter, organic acids, ascorbic acid, minerals (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium) and polyphenolic profile of a number of non-traditional fruit species and their genotypes, namely blue honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia), black mulberry (Morus nigra), Tomentosa cherry (Prunus tomentosa Thunb.) and jostaberry (Ribes nigrum x Grossularia uva-crispa) were investigated. The results showed that Lonicera genotypes displayed high levels of ascorbic acid and they were rich in minerals, with the cultivar ‘Amfora’ achieving the leading position in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content among all lesser known fruit species. Amelanchier cultivars represented a valuable source of ascorbic acid and calcium, ‘Tišňovský’ and ‘Smoky’ together with Morus nigra ‘Jugoslavska’ accumulated the highest level of examined polyphenolic compounds. Regular consumption of studied less common fruit species can bring health benefits so they can represent a high potential value for fruit growers and in addition they can be utilised as functional foods.

• MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• kyseliny karboxylové analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kyseliny nekarboxylové analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Lonicera chemie   MeSH
• minerály analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Morus chemie   MeSH
• nutriční hodnota * MeSH
• ovoce chemie   MeSH
• polyfenoly analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Ribes chemie   MeSH
• Rosaceae chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• slivoň chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyseliny karboxylové MeSH
• kyseliny nekarboxylové MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• polyfenoly MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Functional foods are of interest because of their significant effects on human health, which can be connected with the presence of some biologically important compounds. In this study, we carried out complex analysis of 239 apricot cultivars (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivated in Lednice (climatic area T4), South Moravia, Czech Republic. Almost all previously published studies have focused only on analysis of certain parameters. However, we focused on detection both primary and secondary metabolites in a selection of apricot cultivars with respect to their biological activity. The contents of thirteen biogenic alpha-L-amino acids (arginine, asparagine, isoleucine, lysine, serine, threonine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, proline and alanine) were determined using ion exchange chromatography with UV-Vis spectrometry detection. Profile of polyphenols, measured as content of ten polyphenols with significant antioxidant properties (gallic acid, procatechinic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, rutin, ferrulic acid and quercetrin), was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with spectrometric/electrochemical detection. Moreover, content of total phenolics was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was determined using five independent spectrophotometric methods: DPPH assay, DMPD method, ABTS method, FRAP and Free Radicals methods. Considering the complexity of the obtained data, they were processed and correlated using bioinformatics techniques (cluster analysis, principal component analysis). The studied apricot cultivars were clustered according to their common biochemical properties, which has not been done before. The observed similarities and differences were discussed.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• aminokyseliny chemie   MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent * MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   MeSH
• benzothiazoly chemie   MeSH
• bifenylové sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• genový pool MeSH
• kyseliny sulfonové chemie   MeSH
• ovoce chemie   MeSH
• pikráty chemie   MeSH
• polyfenoly chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• slivoň chemie   MeSH
• volné radikály chemie   MeSH
• výpočetní biologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl MeSH Prohlížeč
• 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• benzothiazoly MeSH
• bifenylové sloučeniny MeSH
• kyseliny sulfonové MeSH
• pikráty MeSH
• polyfenoly MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• volné radikály MeSH

The aim of this study was to describe behaviour, kinetics, time courses and limitations of the six different fully automated spectrometric methods--DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, DMPD, Free Radicals and Blue CrO5. Absorption curves were measured and absorbance maxima were found. All methods were calibrated using the standard compounds Trolox® and/or gallic acid. Calibration curves were determined (relative standard deviation was within the range from 1.5 to 2.5%). The obtained characteristics were compared and discussed. Moreover, the data obtained were applied to optimize and to automate all mentioned protocols. Automatic analyzer allowed us to analyse simultaneously larger set of samples, to decrease the measurement time, to eliminate the errors and to provide data of higher quality in comparison to manual analysis. The total time of analysis for one sample was decreased to 10 min for all six methods. In contrary, the total time of manual spectrometric determination was approximately 120 min. The obtained data provided good correlations between studied methods (R=0.97-0.99).

• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chromany (dihydrobenzopyrany) analýza   MeSH
• kyselina gallová analýza   MeSH
• laboratorní automatizace přístrojové vybavení   metody   normy   MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• spektrální analýza přístrojové vybavení   metody   normy   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• antioxidancia MeSH
• chromany (dihydrobenzopyrany) MeSH
• kyselina gallová MeSH

Research on natural compounds is increasingly focused on their effects on human health. In this study, we were interested in the evaluation of nutritional value expressed as content of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of new apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes resistant against Plum pox virus (PPV) cultivated on Department of Fruit Growing of Mendel University in Brno. Fruits of twenty one apricot genotypes were collected at the onset of consumption ripeness. Antioxidant capacities of the genotypes were determined spectrometrically using DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radicals) scavenging test, TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power)methods. The highest antioxidant capacities were determined in the genotypes LE-3228 and LE-2527, the lowest ones in the LE-985 and LE-994 genotypes. Moreover, close correlation (r = 0.964) was determined between the TEAC and DPPH assays. Based on the antioxidant capacity and total polyphenols content, a clump analysis dendrogram of the monitored apricot genotypes was constructed. In addition, we optimized high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem electrochemical and spectrometric detection and determined phenolic profile consisting of the following fifteen phenolic compounds: gallic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, procatechin, salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, the flavonols quercetin and quercitrin, the flavonol glycoside rutin, resveratrol, vanillin, and the isomers epicatechin, (-)- and (+)- catechin.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   chemie   MeSH
• chemické techniky analytické MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• flavonoidy analýza   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• ovoce chemie   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• polyfenoly MeSH
• scavengery volných radikálů chemie   MeSH
• slivoň chemie   genetika   MeSH
• zemědělství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• polyfenoly MeSH
• scavengery volných radikálů MeSH

Phytohormones, their functions, synthesis and effects, are of great interest. To study them in plant tissues accurate and sensitive methods are required. In the present study we aimed at optimizing experimental conditions to separate and determine not only plant hormones but also their metabolites, by liquid chromatography coupled with a UV-VIS detector. The mixture we analyzed was composed of benzyladenine, kinetin, trans-zeatin, cis-zeatin, dihydrozeatin, meta-topolin, ortho-topolin, alpha-naphthalene acetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, trans-zeatin-7-glucoside, trans-zeatin-O-glucoside, trans-zeatin-9-riboside, meta-topolin-9-riboside and ortho-topolin-9-riboside. We measured the calibration dependences and estimated limits of detection and quantification under the optimal chromatographic conditions (column: Polaris C(18); mobile phase: gradient starting at 2:98 (methanol:0.001% TFA) and was increasing to 55:45 during twenty minutes, and then decreasing for 10 min to 35:65, flow rate: 200 microL x min(-1), temperature: 50 degrees C, wavelength: 210 nm). The detection limits for the target molecules were estimated as tens of ng per mL. We also studied the effect of flax extracts on the phytohormones' signals. Recovery of aliphatic and aromatic cytokinins, metabolites of cytokinins and auxins were within the range from 87 to 105 %. The experimental conditions were tested on a mass selective detector. In addition we analysed a commercial product used for stimulation of roots formation in cuttings of poorly rooting plants. The determined content of alpha-naphthalene acetic acid was in good agreement with that declared by the manufacturer.

• MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• cytokininy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina trifluoroctová chemie   MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin * chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokininy MeSH
• kyselina trifluoroctová MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin * MeSH