Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has gained popularity among scientists and researchers in every field due to its potential to drastically reduce energy costs for the production of customized products by utilizing less energy-intensive machines as well as minimizing material waste. The 3D printing technology is an additive manufacturing approach that uses material layer-by-layer fabrication to produce the digitally specified 3D model. The use of 3D printing technology in the pharmaceutical sector has the potential to revolutionize research and development by providing a quick and easy means to manufacture personalized one-off batches, each with unique dosages, distinct substances, shapes, and sizes, as well as variable release rates. This overview addresses the concept of 3D printing, its evolution, and its operation, as well as the most popular types of 3D printing processes utilized in the health care industry. It also discusses the application of these cutting-edge technologies to the pharmaceutical industry, advancements in various medical fields and medical equipment, 3D bioprinting, the most recent initiatives to combat COVID-19, regulatory frameworks, and the major challenges that this technology currently faces. In addition, we attempt to provide some futuristic approaches to 3DP applications.

• Klíčová slova
• 3D bioprinting., 3D printed equipment, 3D printing techniques, COVID-19 treatment, DOP, EHD, EMP, SLS, drug delivery system, inkjet, personalized medicines, vat photopolymerization,
• MeSH
• 3D tisk * trendy   MeSH
• bioprinting MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• farmaceutický průmysl MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče * MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The global risk of viral disease outbreaks emphasizes the need for rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection techniques to speed up diagnostics allowing early intervention. An emerging field of microfluidics also known as the lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro total analysis system includes a wide range of diagnostic devices. This review briefly covers both conventional and microfluidics-based techniques for rapid viral detection. We first describe conventional detection methods such as cell culturing, immunofluorescence or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These methods often have limited speed, sensitivity, or specificity and are performed with typically bulky equipment. Here, we discuss some of the LOC technologies that can overcome these demerits, highlighting the latest advances in LOC devices for viral disease diagnosis. We also discuss the fabrication of LOC systems to produce devices for performing either individual steps or virus detection in samples with the sample to answer method. The complete system consists of sample preparation, and ELISA and RT-PCR for viral-antibody and nucleic acid detection, respectively. Finally, we formulate our opinions on these areas for the future development of LOC systems for viral diagnostics.

• Klíčová slova
• Commercialization, Immunoassays, LOC, Microfluidic, Nucleic acid amplification, Viral detection,
• MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• DNA virů analýza   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• laboratoř na čipu * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrofluidní analytické techniky přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• nukleové kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• virové nemoci diagnóza   MeSH
• vyšetření u lůžka MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA virů MeSH
• nukleové kyseliny MeSH

In the last decade, the control of avian influenza virus has experienced many difficulties, which have caused major global agricultural problems that have also led to public health consequences. Conventional biochemical methods are not sufficient to detect and control agricultural pathogens in the field due to the growing demand for food and subsidiary products; thus, studies aiming to develop potent alternatives to conventional biochemical methods are urgently needed. In this review, emerging detection systems, their applicability to diagnostics, and their therapeutic possibilities in view of nanotechnology are discussed. Nanotechnology-based sensors are used for rapid, sensitive and cost-effective diagnostics of agricultural pathogens. The application of different nanomaterials promotes interactions between these materials and the virus, which enables researchers to construct portable electroanalytical biosensing analyser that should effectively detect the influenza virus. The present review will provide insights into the guidelines for future experiments to develop better techniques to detect and control influenza viruses.

• Klíčová slova
• Avian influenza virus, Biosensors, Diagnostics, Haemagglutinin, Nanoparticles,
• MeSH
• nanostruktury MeSH
• nanotechnologie * MeSH
• ptačí chřipka u ptáků diagnóza   MeSH
• ptáci MeSH
• virus chřipky A izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

An ultrasensitive impedimetric glycan-based biosensor for reliable and selective detection of inactivated, but intact influenza viruses H3N2 was developed. Such glycan-based approach has a distinct advantage over antibody-based detection of influenza viruses since glycans are natural viral receptors with a possibility to selectively distinguish between potentially pathogenic influenza subtypes by the glycan-based biosensors. Build-up of the biosensor was carefully optimized with atomic force microscopy applied for visualization of the biosensor surface after binding of viruses with the topology of an individual viral particle H3N2 analyzed. The glycan biosensor could detect a glycan binding lectin with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5 aM. The biosensor was finally applied for analysis of influenza viruses H3N2 with LOD of 13 viral particles in 1 μl, what is the lowest LOD for analysis of influenza viral particles by the glycan-based device achieved so far. The biosensor could detect H3N2 viruses selectively with a sensitivity ratio of 30 over influenza viruses H7N7. The impedimetric biosensor presented here is the most sensitive glycan-based device for detection of influenza viruses and among the most sensitive antibody or aptamer based biosensor devices.

• Klíčová slova
• Biosensors, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Glycans, Influenza virus, Lectins, SAMs,
• MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky metody   MeSH
• chřipka lidská diagnóza   virologie   MeSH
• impedanční spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• polysacharidy chemie   MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H3N2 izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H7N7 izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• polysacharidy MeSH

The majority of carcinomas that were developed due to the infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) are caused by high-risk HPV types, HPV16 and HPV18. These HPV types contain the E6 and E7 oncogenes, so the fast detection of these oncogenes is an important point to avoid the development of cancer. Many different HPV tests are available to detect the presence of HPV in biological samples. The aim of this study was to design a fast and low cost method for HPV identification employing magnetic isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrochemical detection. These assays were developed to detect the interactions between E6-HPV16 oncogene and magnetizable particles (MPs) using commercial Dynabeads M-280 Streptavidin particles and laboratory-synthesized "homemade" particles called MANs (MAN-37, MAN-127 and MAN-164). The yields of PCR amplification of E6-HPV16 oncogene bound on the particles and after the elution from the particles were compared. A highest yield of E6-HPV16 DNA isolation was obtained with both MPs particles commercial M-280 Streptavidin and MAN-37 due to reducing of the interferents compared with the standard PCR method. A biosensor employing the isolation of E6-HPV16 oncogene with MPs particles followed by its electrochemical detection can be a very effective technique for HPV identification, providing simple, sensitive and cost-effective analysis.

• Klíčová slova
• PCR, electrochemistry, human papillomavirus, magnetic isolation, magnetizable particles, nucleic acid detection,
• MeSH
• diagnostické techniky molekulární metody   MeSH
• lidský papilomavirus 16 chemie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• magnetické nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• onkogenní proteiny virové chemie   genetika   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• represorové proteiny chemie   genetika   MeSH
• streptavidin chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16 MeSH Prohlížeč
• magnetické nanočástice MeSH
• onkogenní proteiny virové MeSH
• represorové proteiny MeSH
• streptavidin MeSH

Modification of carbon materials, especially graphene-based materials, has wide applications in electrochemical detection such as electrochemical lab-on-chip devices. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with chemically alternated graphene oxide was used as a working electrode (glassy carbon modified by graphene oxide with sulphur containing compounds and Nafion) for detection of nucleobases in hydrolysed samples (HCl pH = 2.9, 100 °C, 1 h, neutralization by NaOH). It was found out that modification, especially with trithiocyanuric acid, increased the sensitivity of detection in comparison with pure GCE. All processes were finally implemented in a microfluidic chip formed with a 3D printer by fused deposition modelling technology. As a material for chip fabrication, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene was chosen because of its mechanical and chemical stability. The chip contained the one chamber for the hydrolysis of the nucleic acid and another for the electrochemical detection by the modified GCE. This chamber was fabricated to allow for replacement of the GCE.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH