We studied concentrations of 34 essential and non-essential elements in samples of edible Bay Bolete (Imleria badia) mushrooms added by samples of the growing substrate and bioavailable fraction. The samples were collected from six forested sites affected differently by industrial pollution and underlain by compositionally contrasting bedrock: granite, amphibolite, and peridotite. In all cases, mushrooms behaved as a bioconcentrating system for elements such as Ag, K, P, Rb, S, and Se (BCF > 1) being a bioexcluding system for the rest of the elements analyzed (BCF < 1). Most analyzed elements displayed moderate to high within-mushroom mobility being accumulated preferably in the apical parts of the mushroom's fruiting body (TF > 1). The highest mobility was demonstrated by Cd and Cu. Sodium was the only element with significantly low mobility (TF < 1), and it accumulated preferably in the stipe. Imleria badia seems to be sensitive to the accumulation of elements such as As, Cd, and Pb from the atmospheric deposits. Specific geochemistry of the growing substrate was reflected to different extend in the accumulation of elements such as Ag, Cu, Rb, S, Al, Ca, Fe, Ba, and Na in the mushroom's fruiting bodies.

• Klíčová slova
• Bedrock, Mushroom, Soil, Trace elements, Translocation, Uptake,
• MeSH
• Agaricales * chemie   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• stopové prvky * analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• stopové prvky * MeSH

Human-induced environmental changes are altering forest productivity and species composition, significantly impacting tree physiology, growth, water uptake, and nutrient acquisition. Investigating the intricate interplay between plant physiology and environmental shifts, we analyzed tree-ring isotopes (δ13C, δ18O, and δ15N) to track long-term trends in intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and nitrogen availability for European beech, Norway spruce, and silver fir in a unique old-growth temperate mountain forest since 1501 ce. Our findings reveal that Norway spruce, a dominant species, exhibited iWUE saturation, exacerbated by acidic precipitation, resulting in growth declines during periods of high acidic air pollution and increased drought frequency. In contrast, deep-rooted, deciduous European beech demonstrated physiological resilience to acid deposition, benefiting from lower dry deposition of precipitation acidity and thriving under conditions of increased nitrogen deposition and elevated air temperatures, thereby sustaining stem growth regardless of potential climatic limitations. Silver fir showed the most dynamic response to acidic air pollution, with contemporary adaptations in leaf gas exchange allowing accelerated stem growth under cleaner air conditions. These different species responses underscore shifts in species competition, with European beech gaining dominance as Norway spruce and silver fir decline. Furthermore, the influence of ontogeny is evident, as tree-rings exhibited lower initial iWUE values and higher δ15N, reflecting changes in nitrogen uptake dynamics and the ecological role of tree age. Our study integrates tree-growth dynamics with physiological and nutrient availability trends, revealing the pivotal role of atmospheric chemistry changes in shaping the competitive dynamics and long-term growth trajectories of dominant tree species in temperate forests.

• Klíčová slova
• CO2 fertilization, nitrogen deposition, stable isotopes, tree rings, water‐use efficiency,
• MeSH
• atmosféra * chemie   MeSH
• buk (rod) * růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• jedle * růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• klimatické změny MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• smrk * růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• stromy * růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dusík MeSH

Nutrient imbalances may negatively affect the health status of forests exposed to multiple stress factors, including drought and bark beetle calamities. We studied the origin of base cations in runoff from a small Carpathian catchment underlain by base-poor flysch turbidites using magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) isotope composition of 10 ecosystem compartments. Our objective was to constrain conclusions drawn from long-term hydrochemical monitoring of inputs and outputs. Annual export of Mg, Ca and Sr exceeds 5-to-15 times their atmospheric input. Mass budgets per se thus indicate sizeable net leaching of Mg, Ca and Sr from bedrock sandstones and claystones. Surprisingly, δ26Mg, δ44Ca and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of runoff were practically identical to those of atmospheric deposition and soil water but significantly different from bedrock isotope ratios. We did not find any carbonates in the studied area as a hypothetical, easily dissolvable source of base cations whose isotope composition might corroborate the predominance of geogenic base cations in the runoff. Marine carbonates typically have lower δ26 Mg and 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and silicate sediments often have higher δ26Mg and 87Sr/86Sr ratios than runoff at the study site. Mixing of these two sources, if confirmed, could reconcile the flux and isotope data.

• Klíčová slova
• Calcium, Forest catchment, Isotopes, Magnesium, Nutrient imbalances, Strontium,
• MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• hořčík * analýza   MeSH
• izotopy stroncia analýza   MeSH
• izotopy MeSH
• kationty MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• uhličitany MeSH
• vápník * analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hořčík * MeSH
• izotopy stroncia MeSH
• izotopy MeSH
• kationty MeSH
• uhličitany MeSH
• vápník * MeSH

We conducted a study of elemental compositions of Xerocomellus chrysenteron samples accompanied by samples of related substrate soils. All samples were collected during the harvesting seasons 2021 and 2022 from three forested sites almost unpolluted by recent human activities and underlain by contrasting bedrock (granite, amphibolite, and serpentinite). Elements such as Ag, Cd, K, P, Rb, S, Se, and Zn were the main elements enriched in the mushroom's fruiting bodies relative to the substrate. Concentrations of most elements in mushrooms were not site-dependent, with only Ag, As, Rb, and Se concentrations significantly depending on the bedrock composition. Some elements analyzed in mushrooms displayed temporal features, but such features were not systematic and varied for each element. Most analyzed elements were distributed unevenly within the mushroom's fruiting bodies, with apical parts generally enriched in mobile elements. Mushrooms influenced concentrations of Ag, Cd, K, and Rb and a few other elements in the substrate via uptake, but such influence was very limited and can be responsible for only 2.5-11.5% of total depletion of the affected substrate in the named elements.

• Klíčová slova
• Bedrock, Mushroom, Soil, Trace elements, Translocation, Uptake,
• MeSH
• Agaricales * MeSH
• Basidiomycota * MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kadmium MeSH

The forests of central Europe have undergone remarkable transitions in the past 40 years as air quality has improved dramatically. Retrospective analysis of Norway spruce (Picea abies) tree rings in the Czech Republic shows that air pollution (e.g. SO2 concentrations, high acidic deposition to the forest canopy) plays a dominant role in driving forest health. Extensive soil acidification occurred in the highly polluted "Black Triangle" in Central Europe, and upper mineral soils are still acidified. In contrast, acidic atmospheric deposition declined by 80% and atmospheric SO2 concentration by 90% between the late 1980s and 2010s. In this study we oserved that annual tree ring width (TRW) declined in the 1970s and subsequently recovered in the 1990s, tracking SO2 concentrations closely. Furthermore, recovery of TRW was similar in unlimed and limed stands. Despite large increases in soil base saturation, as well as soil pH, as a result of repeated liming starting in 1981, TRW growth was similar in limed and unlimed plots. TRW recovery was interrupted in 1996 when highly acidic rime (originating from more pronounced decline of alkaline dust than SO2 from local power plants) injured the spruce canopy, but recovered soon to the pre-episode growth. Across the long-term site history, changes in soil chemistry (pH, base saturation, Bc/Al soil solution ratio) cannot explain observed changes in TRW at the two study sites where we tracked soil chemistry. Instead, statistically significant recovery in TRW is linked to the trajectory of annual SO2 concentrations or sulfur deposition at all three stands.

• MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• lesy MeSH
• půda MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• smrk * MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• půda MeSH

Quillworts (Isoëtes) represent highly specialized flora of softwater lakes, that is, freshwater ecosystems potentially sensitive to acidification. In this paper, we combine a review of previous studies and our new results to address unrecognized reproduction strategies of quillworts to overcome long-term environmental stresses. These strategies play an important role in the plant's ability to overcome atmospheric acidification of freshwaters, protecting the plants until their environment can recover. Environmental drivers of recovery of Isoëtes echinospora and I. lacustris were studied in two acidified lakes in the Bohemian Forest (Central Europe). Both populations survived more than 50 years of severe acidification, although they failed to recruit new sporelings. Their survival depended entirely on the resistance of long-living adult plants because the quillworts do not grow clonally. During the past two decades, a renewal of I. echinospora population inhabiting Plešné Lake has been observed, while no such renewal of I. lacustris, dwelling in Černé Lake, was evident, despite similar changes in water composition occurring in both lakes undergoing advanced recovery from acidification. Our in vitro experiments revealed that the threshold acidity and toxic aluminium concentrations for sporeling survival and recruitment success differed between I. echinospora (pH ≤ 4.0 and ≥300 μg L-1 Al at pH 5) and I. lacustris (pH ≤ 5.0 and ≥100 μg L-1Al at pH 5). The higher sensitivity of I. lacustris to both stressors likely stems from its year-long germination period and underlines the risk of exposure to chronic or episodic acidification in recovering lakes. By contrast, the shorter germination period of I. echinospora (2-3 months) enables its faster and deeper rooting, protecting this quillwort from periodic acidification during the next snowmelt. Our study brings novel insights into widely discussed environmental issues related to the long-term degradation of softwater lakes, which represent important hotspots of pan-European biodiversity and conservation efforts.

• Klíčová slova
• acidification, isoetids, reproduction, softwater lakes, toxicity,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

A healthy soil is a healthy ecosystem because humans, animals, plants, and water highly depend upon it. Soil pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a serious concern for humankind. The study is aimed at (i) assessing the concentrations of PTEs in soils under a long-term heavily industrialized region for coal and textiles, (ii) modeling and mapping the spatial and vertical distributions of PTEs using a GIS-based ordinary kriging technique, and (iii) identifying the possible sources of these PTEs in the Jizerské Mountains (Jizera Mts.) using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. Four hundred and forty-two (442) soil samples were analyzed by applying the aqua regia method. To assess the PTE contents, the level of pollution, and the distribution pattern in soil, the contamination factor (CF) and the pollution load index load (PLI) were applied. ArcGIS-based ordinary kriging interpolation was used for the spatial analysis of PTEs. The results of the analysis revealed that the variation in the coefficient (CV) of PTEs in the organic soil was highest in Cr (96.36%), followed by Cu (54.94%) and Pb (49.40%). On the other hand, the mineral soil had Cu (96.88%), Cr (66.70%), and Pb (64.48%) as the highest in CV. The PTEs in both the organic soil and the mineral soil revealed a high heterogeneous variability. Though the study area lies within the "Black Triangle", which is a historic industrial site in Central Europe, this result did not show a substantial influence of the contamination of PTEs in the area. In spite of the rate of pollution in this area being very low based on the findings, there may be a need for intermittent assessment of the soil. This helps to curtail any excessive accumulation and escalation in future. The results may serve as baseline information for pollution assessment. It might support policy-developers in sustainable farming and forestry for the health of an ecosystem towards food security, forest safety, as well as animal and human welfare.

• Klíčová slova
• GIS-kriging, contamination factor, heavy metals, pollution load index, positive matrix factorization,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH