In this multicentric real-world observational retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of dupilumab for atopic dermatitis in children <6 years of age who underwent a minimum of 16 weeks of therapy. The analysis focused on EASI (Eczema Area and Severity Index), CDLQI (Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index), and Itch NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) changes from baseline to 4, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 96 weeks of follow-up (when available). Overall 24 children were included, with a mean age of 4.4 years. The baseline mean EASI among these patients was 26.7 (range 11.2-42.5). Since week 16 of therapy, all patients achieved and sustained at least 50% (EASI-50) atopic dermatitis improvement from baseline for the remainder of the follow-up period. At week 16, the mean EASI was 4.6 (0.8-13.1), EASI-75 reached 75% and EASI-90 38% of the patients. Within the initial 16 weeks of dupilumab treatment, 50% of patients experienced at least one adverse event, none of which were deemed severe. Conjunctivitis was among the most common adverse events (8.3%). In conclusion, dupilumab exhibited favorable tolerability, efficacy, and safety in children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis who were below the age of 6.

• Klíčová slova
• Atopic dermatitis, biologics, children, dupilumab, efficacy, safety,
• MeSH
• atopická dermatitida * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dupilumab MeSH Prohlížeč
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * MeSH

BACKGROUND: The current negative trend in the physical behavior and lifestyle of the population therefore requires adequate changes in the professional training of physiotherapists. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the structure and differences in the weekly physical activity (PA) of Czech physiotherapy students, the use of wearables in physiotherapy professional training, and the attitude of physiotherapy students toward PA and the use of wearables in physiotherapy practice. METHODS: Between 2013 and 2022, 412 physiotherapy students participated in a PA-monitoring study using questonnaires International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form, Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revise, pedometers, Garmin Vívofit and Axivity AX3 accelerometers. RESULTS: A retrospective analysis of physiotherapy students PA drew attention to insufficient weekly PA and insufficient achievement of the PA recommendation of at least 60 min five times a week (55% of men and 41% of women). Instrumental PA monitoring allowed analyzing individual daily PA and structure of weekly PA. Highest PA indicated men (14,102 steps/day) and women (12,724 steps/day) of the 1st study year on Tuesday. The lowest PA (9,488 steps/day for men and 8,815 steps/day for women), were observed in the 4th study year on Sundays. The recommended target of 11,000 steps per day was achieved by 40% of the men and 46% of the women. Wearables enhanced participants PA motivation (51%). CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of weekly PA monitoring in the professional training of physiotherapists ensured a deeper insight into the possibilities of PA monitoring in physiotherapy practice . Students are prepared to use wearables more widely to improve physical therapy practice.

The study demonstrated the need for greater support for physical activity (PA) of physiotherapy students during their studies.Incorporating comprehensive weekly PA monitoring into physiotherapy education is essential, especially with the rapid development of wearable technology.Monitoring PA using different methods enabled students to better assess the possibilities of using wearables in physiotherapy practice.

• Klíčová slova
• Physical activity, lifestyle, monitoring, professional education, wearables,
• MeSH
• cvičení * fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fyzioterapeuti * výchova   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest. METHODS: We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in serum and stool samples. We also assessed all participants using a battery of psychological questionnaires and tested possible correlations between the collected clinical data and the composition and diversity of their microbiomes and metabolites. RESULTS: We identified four bacterial amplicon sequencing variants that were differentially abundant in non-impulsive versus impulsive women - the genera Bacteroides, Barnesiella, and the order Rhodospirillales were more abundant in impulsive women. In contrast, the genus Catenisphaera was more abundant in non-impulsive women. Fecal tryptophan levels were significantly higher in impulsive women. Association analysis revealed a strong positive intercorrelation between most fecal SCFAs in the entire dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated possible associations between gut microbiomes and their metabolites and impulsive behavior in a unique cohort of prisoners convicted of violent assaults and a matched group of non-impulsive women from the same prison. Genus Bacteroides, which was differentially abundant in the two groups, encoded enzymes that affect serotonin pathways and could contribute to this maladaptive behavior. Similarly, increased fecal tryptophan levels in impulsive individuals could affect neuronal circuits in the brain. INTRODUCTION: Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest. METHODS: We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in serum and stool samples. We also assessed all participants using a battery of psychological questionnaires and tested possible correlations between the collected clinical data and the composition and diversity of their microbiomes and metabolites. RESULTS: We identified four bacterial amplicon sequencing variants that were differentially abundant in non-impulsive versus impulsive women - the genera Bacteroides, Barnesiella, and the order Rhodospirillales were more abundant in impulsive women. In contrast, the genus Catenisphaera was more abundant in non-impulsive women. Fecal tryptophan levels were significantly higher in impulsive women. Association analysis revealed a strong positive intercorrelation between most fecal SCFAs in the entire dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated possible associations between gut microbiomes and their metabolites and impulsive behavior in a unique cohort of prisoners convicted of violent assaults and a matched group of non-impulsive women from the same prison. Genus Bacteroides, which was differentially abundant in the two groups, encoded enzymes that affect serotonin pathways and could contribute to this maladaptive behavior. Similarly, increased fecal tryptophan levels in impulsive individuals could affect neuronal circuits in the brain.

• Klíčová slova
• Bacteroides, Dopamine, Metabolites, Serotonin, Tryptophan,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   chemie   MeSH
• impulzivní chování * fyziologie   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné těkavé metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí * psychologie   MeSH
• neurotransmiterové látky metabolismus   krev   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie   MeSH
• vězni * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyseliny mastné těkavé MeSH
• neurotransmiterové látky MeSH

Initially, molecular hydrogen was considered a physiologically inert and non-functional gas. However, experimental and clinical studies have shown that molecular hydrogen has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and strong selective antioxidant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 60 minutes of molecular hydrogen inhalation on respiratory gas analysis parameters using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. The study was conducted at Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc from September 2022 to March 2023. Twenty, physically active female participants aged 22.1 ± 1.6 years who inhaled either molecular hydrogen or ambient air through a nasal cannula (300 mL/min) for 60 minutes while resting were included in this study. Metabolic response was measured using indirect calorimetry. Breath-by-breath data were averaged over four 15-minute intervals. Compared with placebo (ambient air), molecular hydrogen inhalation significantly decreased respiratory exchange ratio and ventilation across all intervals. Furthermore, the change in respiratory exchange ratio was negatively correlated with body fat percentage from 30 minutes onwards. In conclusion, 60 minutes of resting molecular hydrogen inhalation significantly increased resting fat oxidation, as evidenced by decreased respiratory exchange ratio, particularly in individuals with higher body fat percentages.

• Klíčová slova
• body fat, fat oxidation, metabolic flexibility, mitochondria respiration, respiratory exchange ratio,
• MeSH
• aplikace inhalační MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• klinické křížové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odpočinek * MeSH
• placebo MeSH
• vodík * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• placebo MeSH
• vodík * MeSH

The mutualism between plants and pollinators involves the exchange between plant resources and pollen dispersal services among con-specific plants. Since many pollinators are generalist foragers, the quality of pollination is compromised by inter-specific pollen transfer (IPT). This article proposes a mechanistic approach to model plant-pollinator interactions that considers the dynamics of pollen pick-up and its delivery to con-specific and hetero-specific targets, in parallel but separated from the consumption dynamics of plant rewards by the pollinators. This mechanism can model the interference effect caused by IPT on plant fitness, and predicts saturating effects on the quantity and efficiency of pollination. By coupling the mechanism with population dynamics, the resulting model demonstrates how plant-pollinator associations can shift between net mutualism and parasitism, depending on the ecological context and species traits.

• Klíčová slova
• Antagonism, Mutualism, Plant resources, Pollen loss, Pollen transfer, Pollinator efficiency,
• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• opylení * fyziologie   MeSH
• populační dynamika MeSH
• pyl * fyziologie   MeSH
• rostlinný nektar * fyziologie   MeSH
• symbióza fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rostlinný nektar * MeSH

The article focuses on practice of secular eulogistic rhetoric in communist Czechoslovakia (1948-1989), specifically it investigates references to "afterlife" used in eulogies, which is generally conceived as allowing the bereaved to positively reappraise the death of the loved one. However, in secular eulogies, the use of "afterlife" in religious interpretation ("resurrection", "heaven") is explicitly excluded. Based on the thematic analysis of 61 secular eulogies, 2 secular interpretations of "afterlife" are identified: symbolic continuity (continuity of memory of the deceased, through his/her legacy/work done, as a part of Nature, through children/future generations, or continuity of the deceased's love) and factual (but deprived) continuity (death is presented as a sleep, journey, or pain relief).

• Klíčová slova
• Czechoslovakia, afterlife, consolation, funeral rhetoric, secular eulogy,
• MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• komunismus * dějiny   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náboženství a psychologie * MeSH
• postoj ke smrti * MeSH
• sekularismus * dějiny   MeSH
• ztráta blízké osoby * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Československo MeSH

A good knowledge of the theoretical foundations of medicine helps students and physicians to better recognize and treat patients with complex medical conditions, including sepsis and septic shock. The article describes the authors' experience in implementing the analysis of sepsis and septic shock using a high-fidelity simulated clinical scenario in the course of pathological physiology for preclinical medical students. The unique aspect of our approach is the integration of core physiology concepts, such as homeostasis, causality, structure-function relationships, and fundamental pathophysiology concepts (e.g., etiology, pathogenesis, cell and tissue damage, inflammation, symptoms, and syndromes) in the analysis of the patient's condition on the high-fidelity simulator with preclinical medical students. According to the students' feedback, the use of a high-fidelity simulator to analyze the sepsis and septic shock scenario increased their interest in the class, improved their motivation to learn the material, and helped them adapt in a safe environment to making decisions based on a large amount of data about a complex patient condition in a time-sensitive situation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The authors applied core theoretical concepts of physiology and the fundamental concepts of pathological physiology for teaching sepsis and septic shock clinical scenarios on the high-fidelity simulator in the course of pathological physiology for preclinical medical students. It elevated students' interest and motivation, enhanced the educational experience, and prepared students better for real-world clinical decision-making. We consider that this idea might be an inspiration to colleagues and invite further discussion.

• MeSH
• fyziologie výchova   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sepse * patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• studenti lékařství * MeSH
• studium lékařství pregraduální metody   MeSH
• vyučování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGCA) is a biochemical finding in a diverse group of inherited metabolic disorders. Conditions manifesting 3-MGCA are classified into two major categories, primary and secondary. Primary 3-MGCAs involve two inherited enzymatic deficiencies affecting leucine catabolism, whereas secondary 3-MGCAs comprise a larger heterogeneous group of conditions that have in common compromised mitochondrial energy metabolism. Here, we report 3-MGCA in two siblings presenting with sensorineural hearing loss and neurological abnormalities associated with a novel, homozygous missense variant (c.1999C>G, p.Leu667Val) in the YME1L1 gene which encodes a mitochondrial ATP-dependent metalloprotease. We show that the identified variant results in compromised YME1L1 function, as evidenced by abnormal proteolytic processing of substrate proteins, such as OPA1 and PRELID1. Consistent with the aberrant processing of the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1, we demonstrate enhanced mitochondrial fission and fragmentation of the mitochondrial network in patient-derived fibroblasts. Furthermore, our results indicate that YME1L1L667V is associated with attenuated activity of rate-limiting Krebs cycle enzymes and reduced mitochondrial respiration, which may explain the build-up of 3-methylglutaconic and 3-methylglutaric acid due to the diversion of acetyl-CoA, not efficiently processed in the Krebs cycle, towards the formation of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA, the precursor of these metabolites. In summary, our findings classify YME1L1 deficiency as a new type of secondary 3-MGCA, thus expanding the genetic landscape and facilitating the diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders featuring this biochemical phenotype.

• Klíčová slova
• 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria, YME1L1, inherited metabolic disorders, mitochondrial disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial fragmentation,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fibroblasty metabolismus   MeSH
• glutaráty MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaloendopeptidasy * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• missense mutace MeSH
• mitochondriální dynamika MeSH
• mitochondriální proteiny * genetika   MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• percepční nedoslýchavost genetika   MeSH
• sourozenci MeSH
• vrozené poruchy metabolismu * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 3-methylglutaconic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• glutaráty MeSH
• metaloendopeptidasy * MeSH
• mitochondriální proteiny * MeSH

Twenty-eight endurance-trained males aged 31.1 ± 10.2 years (body mass [BM] 81.9 ± 9.0 kg) completed this randomized double-blind placebo (PLA)-controlled crossover study investigating the effect of 12-week Colostrum Bovinum (COL) supplementation (25gCOL·day-1) on aerobic fitness and capacity, time to exhaustion, BM and body composition (BC), and blood lactate concentration. There were four main-before/after supplementation study visits (COLPRE and COLPOST; PLAPRE, and PLAPOST). During study visits, BM and BC evaluation, incremental rowing test (IRT) to exhaustion, and evaluation of resting (REST) and post-exercise (POST-IRT) blood lactate concentration were performed. COL, but not PLA supplementation, significantly increased (p < 0.05) time to ventilatory threshold (TVT). Moreover, the implemented treatments had large (mL·min-1) and moderate (mL·min-1·kg-1) effects on oxygen uptake at VT (VO2VT), as well as moderate effect on power output at VT (PVT; W·kg-1) with the highest values observed at COLPOST visit. Neither significant influence of COL supplementation on time to exhaustion (TEXH) in IRT, BM, and BC on blood lactate was observed. Importantly, there were significantly (p < 0.05) higher increases in VO2VT (mL·min-1 and mL·min-1·kg-1) after COL compared to PLA supplementation. In summary, COL supplementation resulted in a favorable increase in TVT, and tended to improve some of the evaluated threshold indicators, namely VO2VT and PVT in endurance-trained male athletes during IRT. Therefore, COL supplementation may be considered as a support to improve aerobic fitness and capacity in endurance-trained males; however, supplementation strategy must be personalized and properly incorporated into the individual training. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06390670).

• Klíčová slova
• ergogenic support, proteins, supplementation, swimming, triathlon,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• fyzická vytrvalost * MeSH
• klinické křížové studie MeSH
• kolostrum * MeSH
• kyselina mléčná krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• složení těla * MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
• vytrvalostní trénink * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina mléčná MeSH

Since the last few decades, there have been several challenges at the forefront of the globe, and to attain "Net Zero missions" is one of these. The Paris Climate Agreement was designed to keep global warming below 2 °C. World leaders have tried their best to follow the agreement content and obligated their environmentalists to reduce greenhouse gases by the 21st century. For instance, policymakers must ensure zero net emissions from anthropogenic activities. Under this path, nations try to introduce several targets and perform well to reach the desired level. However, there have been flaws because nations have priorities other than combat emissions. Most nations offer attractive strategies to compensate for such environmental harms. This study proposes to overcome ecological issues via some fascinating inclusion of a zero-emissions theme. The circular economy has recently become attractive in dealing with different aspects, particularly environmental sustainability. This empirical study focuses on the economic complexity index (ECI), urbanization, digital transformation, energy transition, foreign direct investment, and circular economy as environmental determinants. Also, an advanced series of estimators is being used to examine the study objectives to obtain the most reliable outcomes for 22 waste-recycled economies from 2005 to 2022. The investigated outcomes describe the positive role of ECI and urbanization in rising emissions, whereas the digital transformation and energy transition significantly reduce environmental stress. The circular economy contributes to Zero-emissions by 0.018 %, 0.154 %, and 0.509 %, respectively, under the robust estimators. The mediating role of the circular economy on energy transition and urbanization shows a supportive role in zero emissions. Its mediating role in FDI is described as positive but insignificant in the long run. This study also validates "the pollution haven hypothesis" for particular economies. On behalf of all of these outcomes, this study proposes interesting implications for attaining zero emissions by 2050.

• Klíčová slova
• Circular economy, Digital transformation, Energy transition, Net zero emissions, Waste-recycled economies,
• MeSH
• globální oteplování MeSH
• klimatické změny MeSH
• skleníkové plyny MeSH
• trvale udržitelný rozvoj MeSH
• urbanizace MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů * metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• skleníkové plyny MeSH