Acetic acid bacteria are gram-negative obligate aerobic bacteria assigned to the family Acetobacteraceae of Alphaproteobacteria. They are members of the genera Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Gluconacetobacter, Acidomonas, Asaia, Kozakia, Swaminathania, Saccharibacter, Neoasaia, Granulibacter, Tanticharoenia, Ameyamaea, Neokomagataea, and Komagataeibacter. Many strains of Acetobacter and Komagataeibacter have been known to possess high acetic acid fermentation ability as well as the acetic acid and ethanol resistance, which are considered to be useful features for industrial production of acetic acid and vinegar, the commercial product. On the other hand, Gluconobacter strains have the ability to perform oxidative fermentation of various sugars, sugar alcohols, and sugar acids leading to the formation of several valuable products. Thermotolerant strains of acetic acid bacteria were isolated in order to serve as the new strains of choice for industrial fermentations, in which the cooling costs for maintaining optimum growth and production temperature in the fermentation vessels could be significantly reduced. Genetic modifications by adaptation and genetic engineering were also applied to improve their properties, such as productivity and heat resistance.

• Klíčová slova
• Acetic acid bacteria, Biotechnology, Oxidative fermentation, Thermotolerant, Vinegar,
• MeSH
• Bacteria metabolismus   MeSH
• biotechnologie metody   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace MeSH
• kyselina octová metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina octová MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ACETATES/chemistry *, ERYTHROMYCIN/chemistry *,
• MeSH
• acetáty chemie   MeSH
• erythromycin chemie   MeSH
• kyselina octová * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetáty MeSH
• erythromycin MeSH
• kyselina octová * MeSH

• MeSH
• acetáty * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetáty * MeSH

Twenty-four 2-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid (rhodanine-3-acetic acid)-based amides, esters and 5-arylalkylidene derivatives were synthesized, characterized and evaluated as potential antimicrobial agents against a panel of bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi. All of the derivatives were active against mycobacteria. N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-[5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide demonstrated the highest activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 8-16μM. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria were the most susceptible to 2-[5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acids (MIC values ⩾32μM). The highest antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exhibited 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 2-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetate (MIC⩾15.62μM). Several structure-activity relationships were identified. The activity against Gram-negative and fungal pathogens was marginal.

• Klíčová slova
• 2-(4-Oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid, Amides, Antibacterial activity, Antifungal activity, Antimycobacterial activity, Condensation, Esters, In vitro activity, Rhodanine,
• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Candida účinky léků   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků   MeSH
• kyselina octová chemie   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie s uhlíkem 13C MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• protonová magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
• rhodanin chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie infračervená MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiinfekční látky MeSH
• kyselina octová MeSH
• rhodanin MeSH

Until now, the use of acetic and lactic acid for the treatment of thyroid nodular lesions, as well as histopathologic changes in the thyroid tissue after their intrathyroidal injections has not been described. The aim of this study is to evaluate macro- and microscopic changes in rat normal thyroid tissue induced by single intrathyroidal injection of acetic acid (AA) and lactic acid (LA) in different concentrations, as well as the influence of intrathyroidal acid injection on function of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of 50 (Group A and B). Rats of each group were divided into the subgroups of five. In each subgroup of Group A and B, AA and LA water solutions of different concentrations (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%), respectively, were injected into the right thyroid lobe. From Group A and B, 7 and 8 rats died, respectively (after injections of 50-80% AA and LA solutions). After 4 weeks post AA or LA injection the thyroid along with the surrounding tissues was excised and assessed macro- and microscopically in all rats that survived. Before the injection and just before the second operation, the vocal cord function was evaluated. Our results show that both, acetic and lactic acid of different concentrations damage rat normal thyroid tissue after a single intrathyroidal injection. The minimal concentrations of acetic and lactic acid that cause lethal changes in rat normal thyroid tissue are 20% and 10%, respectively. Acetic and lactic acid in the concentrations of 40% and 50%, respectively, and higher can cause injury of the tissues adjacent to the thyroid.

• MeSH
• injekce MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kyselina mléčná aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kyselina octová aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• nekróza MeSH
• nervus laryngeus recurrens účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• štítná žláza účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• kyselina octová MeSH

Acidic chitinase (Chia) has been implicated in asthma, allergic inflammations, and food processing. We have purified Chia enzymes with striking acid stability and protease resistance from chicken and pig stomach tissues using a chitin column and 8 M urea (urea-Chia). Here, we report that acetic acid is a suitable agent for native Chia purification from the stomach tissues using a chitin column (acetic acid-Chia). Chia protein can be eluted from a chitin column using 0.1 M acetic acid (pH 2.8), but not by using Gly-HCl (pH 2.5) or sodium acetate (pH 4.0 or 5.5). The melting temperatures of Chia are not affected substantially in the elution buffers, as assessed by differential scanning fluorimetry. Interestingly, acetic acid appears to be more effective for Chia-chitin dissociation than do other organic acids with similar structures. We propose a novel concept of this dissociation based on competitive interaction between chitin and acetic acid rather than on acid denaturation. Acetic acid-Chia also showed similar chitinolytic activity to urea-Chia, indicating that Chia is extremely stable against acid, proteases, and denaturing agents. Both acetic acid- and urea-Chia seem to have good potential for supplementation or compensatory purposes in agriculture or even biomedicine.

• Klíčová slova
• GlcNAc, acetic acid, acidic chitinase, chitin, chitin column, competitive manner, natural enzyme, supplementation purposes, therapeutic agents, urea,
• MeSH
• chitin chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• chitinasy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kur domácí MeSH
• kyselina octová chemie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• žaludek enzymologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chitin MeSH
• chitinasy MeSH
• kyselina octová MeSH

Production of L-lysine was followed in two lysine-accumulating mutants of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13287 in media containing sucrose, ethanol, acetic acid or a mixture of acetic acid and ammonium or sodium acetate. It was found that acetate is the best substitution for sucrose.

• MeSH
• acetáty metabolismus   MeSH
• Corynebacterium metabolismus   MeSH
• ethanol metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• lysin biosyntéza   MeSH
• sacharosa metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetáty MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• lysin MeSH
• sacharosa MeSH

Due to the nature of the carboxylic group, acetic acid can serve as both a donor and acceptor of a hydrogen bond. Gaseous acetic acid is known to form cyclic dimers with two strong hydrogen bonds. However, trimeric and various oligomeric structures have also been hypothesized to exist in both the gas and liquid phases of acetic acid. In this work, a combination of gas-phase NMR experiments and advanced computational approaches were employed in order to validate the basic dimerization model of gaseous acetic acid. The gas-phase experiments performed in a glass tube revealed interactions of acetic acid with the glass surface. On the other hand, variable-temperature and variable-pressure NMR parameters obtained for acetic acid in a polymer insert provided thermodynamic parameters that were in excellent agreement with the MP2 (the second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory) and CCSD(T) (coupled cluster with single, double and perturbative triple excitation) calculations based on the basic dimerization model. A slight disparity between the theoretical dimerization model and the experimental data was revealed only at low temperatures. This observation might indicate the presence of other, entropically disfavored, supramolecular structures at low temperatures.

• Klíčová slova
• NMR spectroscopy, carboxylic acids, hydrogen bonding, phase transitions, quantum-chemical calculations,
• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• chemické modely * MeSH
• kvantová teorie * MeSH
• kyselina octová chemie   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * metody   MeSH
• plyny chemie   MeSH
• tlak MeSH
• vodíková vazba MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina octová MeSH
• plyny MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• DEPRESSION/therapy *, ISONIAZID/related compounds *,
• MeSH
• acetáty * MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• deprese terapie   MeSH
• depresivní poruchy * MeSH
• isoniazid analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• kyselina octová * MeSH
• psychiatrie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetáty * MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• isoniazid MeSH
• kyselina octová * MeSH

Hydrogen peroxide production in yeast cells undergoing programmed cell death in response to acetic acid occurred in the majority of live cells 15 min after death induction and was no longer detectable after 60 min. Superoxide anion production was found later, 60 and 90 min after death induction when cells viability was 60 and 30%, respectively. In cells protected from death due to acid stress adaptation neither hydrogen peroxide nor superoxide anion could be observed after acetic acid treatment. The early production of hydrogen peroxide in cells in which survival was 100% could play a major role in acetic acid-induced programmed cell death signaling. Superoxide anion is assumed to be generated in cells already en route to acetic acid-induced programmed cell death.

• MeSH
• apoptóza fyziologie   MeSH
• katalasa metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina octová farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny farmakologie   MeSH
• peroxid vodíku metabolismus   MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzymologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• superoxidy metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• katalasa MeSH
• kyselina octová MeSH
• kyseliny MeSH
• peroxid vodíku MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH
• superoxidy MeSH