DNA sequences offer powerful tools for describing the members and interactions of natural communities. In this study, we establish the to-date most comprehensive library of DNA barcodes for a terrestrial site, including all known macroscopic animals and vascular plants of an intensively studied area of the High Arctic, the Zackenberg Valley in Northeast Greenland. To demonstrate its utility, we apply the library to identify nearly 20 000 arthropod individuals from two Malaise traps, each operated for two summers. Drawing on this material, we estimate the coverage of previous morphology-based species inventories, derive a snapshot of faunal turnover in space and time and describe the abundance and phenology of species in the rapidly changing arctic environment. Overall, 403 terrestrial animal and 160 vascular plant species were recorded by morphology-based techniques. DNA barcodes (CO1) offered high resolution in discriminating among the local animal taxa, with 92% of morphologically distinguishable taxa assigned to unique Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) and 93% to monophyletic clusters. For vascular plants, resolution was lower, with 54% of species forming monophyletic clusters based on barcode regions rbcLa and ITS2. Malaise catches revealed 122 BINs not detected by previous sampling and DNA barcoding. The insect community was dominated by a few highly abundant taxa. Even closely related taxa differed in phenology, emphasizing the need for species-level resolution when describing ongoing shifts in arctic communities and ecosystems. The DNA barcode library now established for Zackenberg offers new scope for such explorations, and for the detailed dissection of interspecific interactions throughout the community.

• Klíčová slova
• DNA barcode library, Greenland, arthropod, high arctic, species diversity,
• MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• respirační komplex IV genetika   MeSH
• ribulosa-1,5-bisfosfát-karboxylasa genetika   MeSH
• rostliny MeSH
• společenstvo * MeSH
• taxonomické DNA čárové kódování metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Arktida MeSH
• Grónsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
• RbcL protein, plastid MeSH Prohlížeč
• respirační komplex IV MeSH
• ribulosa-1,5-bisfosfát-karboxylasa MeSH

All more than 3000 species of Agrilus beetles are phytophagous and some cause economically significant damage to trees and shrubs. Facilitated by international trade, Agrilus species regularly invade new countries and continents. This necessitates a rapid identification of Agrilus species, as the first step for subsequent protective measures. This study provides the first DNA reference library for ~100 Agrilus species from the Northern Hemisphere based on three mitochondrial markers: cox1-5' (DNA barcode fragment), cox1-3', and rrnL. All 329 Agrilus records available in the Barcode of Life Database format, including specimen images and geo data, are released through a public dataset 'Agrilus1 329' available at: dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-AGRILUS1. All Agrilus species were identified using adult morphology and by using molecular phylogenetic trees, as well as distance- and tree-based algorithms. Most DNA-based species limits agree well with the morphology-based identification. Our results include cases of high intraspecific variability and multiple species para- and polyphyly. DNA barcoding is a powerful species identification tool in Agrilus, although it frequently fails to recover morphologically-delimited Agrilus species-group. Even though the current three-gene database covers only ~3% of the known Agrilus diversity, it contains representatives of all principal lineages from the Northern Hemisphere and represents the most extensive dataset built for DNA-delimited species identification within this genus so far. Molecular data analyses can rapidly and cost-effectively identify an unknown sample, including immature stages and/or non-native taxa, or species not yet formally named.

• Klíčová slova
• invasive species, jewel beetles, mtDNA, phylogeny, species delimitation,
• MeSH
• brouci genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• lesnictví MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA MeSH
• taxonomické DNA čárové kódování * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mitochondriální DNA MeSH

The essential key to routine molecular species identification (DNA barcoding/metabarcoding) is the existence of an error-free DNA barcode reference library providing full coverage of all species. Published studies generally state the need to produce more barcodes, and control their quality, but unfortunately, the number of barcoded species is still low. However, to initiate real progress, we need to know where the gaps lie, how big they are and why they persist. Our aims were to draw and understand the current state of knowledge regarding species diversity, distribution, and barcode coverage, and offer solutions for improvement. In this study, we used two groups of aquatic insects, beetles and true bugs. We have compiled and critically evaluated an essentially complete and up-to-date European list, containing 1527 species. The list served as a basis for the barcode gap analyses in the Barcode-of-Life-Data-System (BOLD) conducted in three subsequent years (2020-2022). The overall barcode coverage of the pan-European fauna was around 50 % in both groups. The lowest coverage was in the Mediterranean, the Balkans and South-eastern Europe. The coverage in each country depended significantly on the local diversity, the number of rare, endemic species and the similarity of its fauna to that of the most active barcoding European countries. Gap analyses showed a very small increase in species coverage (<1 % in European aquatic beetles) despite an ~25 % increase in the number of barcodes. Hence, it is clear that future barcoding campaigns must prioritise quality over quantity. To visibly improve reference libraries, we need to increase the involvement of taxonomic experts and focus on targeted studies and underexplored but biodiversity-rich areas.

• Klíčová slova
• Barcoding, COI, European species distribution, Metabarcoding, Water beetles, Water bugs,
• MeSH
• bezobratlí MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• brouci * genetika   MeSH
• hmyz MeSH
• taxonomické DNA čárové kódování * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH

Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most representative bacteria causing infectious diseases. Due to the increased application of antibiotics, the bacterial resistance is growing causing severe complications. Therefore, a sensitive determination of these pathogens is crucial for effective treatment. The aim of this study was to design an effective method for multiplex detection of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae taking advantage from properties of magnetic particles as well as fluorescent nanoparticles (quantum dots). The method was able to detect as low concentrations of bacteria as 102 CFU/mL using the bacteria-specific genes (fnbA, mecA and wcaG).

• Klíčová slova
• Barcode, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Magnetic particles, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Quantum dots, Staphylococcus aureus,
• MeSH
• Klebsiella pneumoniae chemie   genetika   MeSH
• kvantové tečky chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus chemie   genetika   MeSH
• taxonomické DNA čárové kódování metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are among the oldest pterygote insects, with the earliest fossils dating back to the Late Carboniferous. Within mayflies, Leptophlebiidae are a highly diverse and widespread group, with approximately 140 genera and 640 species. Whereas taxonomy, systematics, and phylogeny of extant Leptophlebiidae are in the focus of extensive studies, little is known about leptophlebiid fossil taxa. Because fossil remains of Ephemeroptera in sedimentary rocks are relatively rare, inclusions of mayflies in amber are a unique source of information on their evolution and diversity in the past. Leptophlebiidae found in Cenozoic resins mostly belong to the subfamilies Leptophlebiinae (in Eocene Baltic amber) and Atalophlebiinae (in Miocene Dominican and Mexican ambers). In the present contribution, we confirm the first finding of the genus Calliarcys from Eocene Baltic amber by using Micro-CT, which allowed confirming its generic placement by visualizing diagnostic key characters otherwise hidden by a cloud of turbidity. Additionally, we present first molecular data on the extant species Calliarcys humilis Eaton, 1881 from the Iberian Peninsula and the barcode gap analysis for Leptophlebiinae and Habrophlebiinae.

• MeSH
• Ephemeroptera * MeSH
• hmyz MeSH
• jantar * MeSH
• rentgenová mikrotomografie MeSH
• taxonomické DNA čárové kódování MeSH
• zkameněliny MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• jantar * MeSH

Rhinozachvatkinia calonectris sp. n., a new species of the feather mite genus Rhinozachvatkinia Mironov, 1989 (Avenzoariidae: Bonnetellinae), is described from two species of shearwaters in the North-East of the Atlantic Ocean, Calonectris edwardsii (Oustalet) (type host) and Calonectris borealis (Cory) (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae). We completed the morphological description of this new feather mite species with sequence data on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene fragment (COI). The full generic status of Rhinozachvatkinia, originally established as a subgenus of Zachvatkinia Dubinin, 1949, is formally fixed and its systematic relationships are briefly discussed.

• MeSH
• DNA genetika   MeSH
• infestace roztoči parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA genetika   MeSH
• nemoci ptáků parazitologie   MeSH
• peří MeSH
• ptáci MeSH
• roztoči klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• taxonomické DNA čárové kódování * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA MeSH

The complex of taxa closely related to Aricia anteros includes the species A. anteros sensu stricto, A. crassipuncta, A. bassoni, and A. vandarbani. All of them are sometimes considered as subspecies of a single polytypic species. Representatives of this complex are found in the Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor, the Levant, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and Northern and Western Iran. In addition, an isolated population of A. anteros occurs in the Northern Black Sea region. In this work, based on DNA barcodes of all species and main populations of the complex, we show the existence of seven differentiated mitochondrial lineages: anteros (predominant in the Balkans), crassipuncta (predominant in Asia Minor), bassoni (the Levant), vandarbani (Talysh Mts), varicolor (Zagros Mts), dombaiensis (the Caucasus) and kalmius (Kalmius River basin in the Northern Black Sea region). The taxa of the A. anteros species complex are allopatric, except for A. anteros s.s. and A. crassipuncta, which have a mosaic distribution in eastern Anatolia and Transcaucasia. On the Balkan Peninsula, within the species A. anteros s.s, both the anteros and the crassipuncta mitochondrial haplogroups are found. This pattern is likely a consequence of interspecific hybridization and mitochondrial introgression. Based on mitochondrial DNA, the taxon A. crassipuncta mehmetcik from SE Anatolia is indistinguishable from A. crassipuncta crassipuncta, and the taxon varicolor from Central Iran is closer to the geographically distant European A. anteros than to the Anatolian A. crassipuncta. The geographically isolated and genetically differentiated population from the Kalmius River basin in the Northern Black Sea region is described here as a new subspecies.

• MeSH
• anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fylogeografie * MeSH
• motýli klasifikace   genetika   anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat * MeSH
• taxonomické DNA čárové kódování * MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

We report the Eurasian species Agrilus ribesi Schaefer, 1946, for the first time from North America and propose that the damage to currants (Ribes spp.) in Ontario prior to 1940 and ascribed to A. cuprescens were caused by this species. We provide morphological diagnostic characters for A. ribesi and closely related A. cuprescens and we complement this information with DNA barcodes from four alien Agrilus species established in North America (i.e., A. ribesi Schaefer, A. cuprescens (Ménétriés), A. planipennis Fairmaire and A. sulcicollis Lacordaire) to enable DNA-based identification of these invasive species. Additionally, published information on A. ribesi is summarized and new data are provided on the host plants and biology of larva in North America. The distribution of A. ribesi is mapped, both in its native Palaearctic region and in Canada and the USA, together with the range of its potential host plants in North America. A. ribesi was recovered as a sister-species of A. cuprescens on the neighbor joining DNA barcoding tree and low genetic variability of North American populations may indicate a single introduction to North America for each of these species.

• MeSH
• anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• brouci anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• larva anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• taxonomické DNA čárové kódování MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Severní Amerika MeSH

We present the results of the first-ever DNA barcoding study of odonates from the Maltese Islands. In total, 10 morphologically identified species were collected during a two-week long expedition in 2018. Eighty cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes were obtained from the collected specimens. Intra- and interspecific distances ranged from 0.00% to 2.24% and 0.48% to 17.62%, respectively. Successful species identification based on ascribing a single morphological species to a single Barcode Index Number (BIN) was achieved for eight species (80%). In the case of two species, Ischnura genei and Anax parthenope, BINs were shared with other closely related species. The taxonomic status of I. genei is questionable and the phylogenetic relationship between A. imperator/parthenope is not clear. Further studies involving a series of adult specimens collected in a wide spatial range and nuclear markers are necessary to resolve these cases. Therefore, this dataset serves as an initial DNA barcode reference library for Maltese odonates, within a larger project: Aquatic Macroinvertebrates DNA Barcode Library of Malta.

• Klíčová slova
• BIN, COI, DNA barcode reference library, Malta, Malte, banque de référence de codes à barres de l’ADN, inventaire des espèces, islands, species inventory, îles,
• MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• respirační komplex IV genetika   MeSH
• taxonomické DNA čárové kódování * MeSH
• vážky klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Malta MeSH
• Názvy látek
• respirační komplex IV MeSH

Several methods of DNA extraction, coupled with 'DNA barcoding' species identification, were compared using specimens from early developmental stages of forensically important flies from the Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae families. DNA was extracted at three immature stages - eggs, the first instar larvae, and empty pupal cases (puparia) - using four different extraction methods, namely, one simple 'homemade' extraction buffer protocol and three commercial kits. The extraction conditions, including the amount of proteinase K and incubation times, were optimized. The simple extraction buffer method was successful for half of the eggs and for the first instar larval samples. The DNA Lego Kit and DEP-25 DNA Extraction Kit were useful for DNA extractions from the first instar larvae samples, and the DNA Lego Kit was also successful regarding the extraction from eggs. The QIAamp DNA mini kit was the most effective; the extraction was successful with regard to all sample types - eggs, larvae, and pupari.

• Klíčová slova
• Forensic science, cytochrome oxidase subunit I, forensic entomology, molecular markers, species identification,
• MeSH
• Diptera klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• DNA izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• hmyzí proteiny genetika   MeSH
• reagenční diagnostické soupravy MeSH
• respirační komplex IV genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• soudní genetika metody   MeSH
• taxonomické DNA čárové kódování metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA MeSH
• hmyzí proteiny MeSH
• reagenční diagnostické soupravy MeSH
• respirační komplex IV MeSH