Cancer of the reproductive tract is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. In this study we evaluated the influence of diagnostic categories, age and reproductive factors on antioxidant enzymes and lipid hydroperoxides in the blood of gynaecological patients diagnosed with endometrial polyp, myoma, hyperplasia simplex, hyperplasia complex and endometrial adenocarcinoma. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the association of diagnosis, age, parity, abortions and abnormal uterine bleeding with the examined parameters. Diagnosis provided the best predictive model for superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and also for the lipid hydroperoxide level. Abortions fitted the best predictive model for superoxide dismutase activity. A significant correlation was also found between the predictor variables themselves. This study showed that reproductive and other factors may be associated, at least partially, with antioxidant capacity and ability to defend against the oxidative damage in gynaecological patients with various diagnoses.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gynekologická onemocnění krev   diagnóza   enzymologie   MeSH
• katalasa metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidové peroxidy MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• rozmnožování * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• katalasa MeSH
• lipidové peroxidy MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH

The present survey summarizes the data about the structure, function and methods of investigation of the natural substance alpha-lipoic acid. This compound is an important growth factor of many microorganisms and at the same time a disulfide cofactor of dehydrogenases in oxidative phosphorylation. It is a physiological constituent of biological membranes, an efficient antioxidant and a scavenger of free radicals. Lipoic acid possesses anticarcinogenic and preventive effects which protect the calls from damage.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina lipoová * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buňky kultivované účinky léků   MeSH
• protinádorové látky * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• kyselina lipoová * MeSH
• protinádorové látky * MeSH

The stilbenoids, a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds, are found in a variety of plants, including some berries that are used as food or for medicinal purposes. They are known to be beneficial for human health as anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive, and antioxidative agents. We have investigated a group of 19 stilbenoid substances in vitro using a cellular model of THP-1 macrophage-like cells and pyocyanin-induced oxidative stress to evaluate their antioxidant or pro-oxidant properties. Then we have determined any effects that they might have on the expression of the enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and heme oxygenase-1, and their effects on the activation of Nrf2. The experimental results showed that these stilbenoids could affect the formation of reactive oxygen species in a cellular model, producing either an antioxidative or pro-oxidative effect, depending on the structure pinostilbene (2) worked as a pro-oxidant and also decreased expression of catalase in the cell culture. Piceatannol (4) had shown reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, whereas isorhapontigenin (18) had a mild direct antioxidant effect and activated Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) system and elevated expression of Nrf2 and catalase. Their effects shown on cells in vitro warrant their further study in vivo.

• Klíčová slova
• Nrf2, antioxidant, macrophages, pro-oxidant, pyocyanin, stilbenoid,
• MeSH
• antioxidační responzivní elementy účinky léků   MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• buňky Hep G2 MeSH
• faktor 2 související s NF-E2 genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• pyokyanin chemie   MeSH
• stilbeny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• thiobarbituráty chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• faktor 2 související s NF-E2 MeSH
• NFE2L2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• pyokyanin MeSH
• stilbeny MeSH
• thiobarbituráty MeSH
• thiobarbituric acid MeSH Prohlížeč

Spirulina is a species of filamentous cyanobacteria that has long been used as a food supplement. In particular, Spirulina platensis and Spirulina maxima are the most important. Thanks to a high protein and vitamin content, Spirulina is used as a nutraceutical food supplement, although its other potential health benefits have attracted much attention. Oxidative stress and dysfunctional immunity cause many diseases in humans, including atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and hypertension. Thus, the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of these microalgae may play an important role in human health. Here, we discuss the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of Spirulina in both animals and humans, along with the underlying mechanisms. In addition, its commercial and regulatory status in different countries is discussed as well. Spirulina activates cellular antioxidant enzymes, inhibits lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, scavenges free radicals, and increases the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Notably, there appears to be a threshold level above which Spirulina will taper off the antioxidant activity. Clinical trials show that Spirulina prevents skeletal muscle damage under conditions of exercise-induced oxidative stress and can stimulate the production of antibodies and up- or downregulate the expression of cytokine-encoding genes to induce immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory responses. The molecular mechanism(s) by which Spirulina induces these activities is unclear, but phycocyanin and β-carotene are important molecules. Moreover, Spirulina effectively regulates the ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and IκB pathways. This review provides new insight into the potential therapeutic applications of Spirulina and may provide new ideas for future studies.

• Klíčová slova
• Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Immunomodulation, Mechanism of action, Phycocyanin, Spirulina,
• MeSH
• antiflogistika izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antioxidancia izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunologické faktory izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• Spirulina chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiflogistika MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• imunologické faktory MeSH

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are well recognized for playing a dual role, since they can be either deleterious or beneficial to biological systems. An imbalance between ROS production and elimination is termed oxidative stress, a critical factor and common denominator of many chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases), and other disorders. To counteract the harmful effects of ROS, organisms have evolved a complex, three-line antioxidant defense system. The first-line defense mechanism is the most efficient and involves antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This line of defense plays an irreplaceable role in the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The removal of superoxide radicals by SOD prevents the formation of the much more damaging peroxynitrite ONOO- (O2•- + NO• → ONOO-) and maintains the physiologically relevant level of nitric oxide (NO•), an important molecule in neurotransmission, inflammation, and vasodilation. The second-line antioxidant defense pathway involves exogenous diet-derived small-molecule antioxidants. The third-line antioxidant defense is ensured by the repair or removal of oxidized proteins and other biomolecules by a variety of enzyme systems. This review briefly discusses the endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH, xanthine oxidase (XO), Fenton reaction) and exogenous (e.g., smoking, radiation, drugs, pollution) sources of ROS (superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite). Attention has been given to the first-line antioxidant defense system provided by SOD, CAT, and GPx. The chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidant enzymes, enzyme-related diseases (cancer, cardiovascular, lung, metabolic, and neurological diseases), and the role of enzymes (e.g., GPx4) in cellular processes such as ferroptosis are discussed. Potential therapeutic applications of enzyme mimics and recent progress in metal-based (copper, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, cerium) and nonmetal (carbon)-based nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities (nanozymes) are also discussed. Moreover, attention has been given to the mechanisms of action of low-molecular-weight antioxidants (vitamin C (ascorbate), vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene, lycopene, lutein), flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, anthocyanins, epicatechin), and glutathione (GSH)), the activation of transcription factors such as Nrf2, and the protection against chronic diseases. Given that there is a discrepancy between preclinical and clinical studies, approaches that may result in greater pharmacological and clinical success of low-molecular-weight antioxidant therapies are also subject to discussion.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant enzymes, Chronic disease, Enzyme mimics, Low-molecular antioxidants, Oxidative stress, ROS,
• MeSH
• anthokyaniny metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia * farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• kyselina peroxydusitá farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• peroxid vodíku MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• superoxidy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anthokyaniny MeSH
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• kyselina peroxydusitá MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• peroxid vodíku MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH
• superoxidy MeSH

Extensive phytochemical analysis of the CHCl3-soluble part of an ethanolic extract of branches and twigs of Broussonetia papyrifera led to the isolation of fourteen compounds, including a novel 5,11-dioxabenzo[b]fluoren-10-one derivative named broussofluorenone C (12). The isolated compounds 1-14 were characterized based on their NMR and HRMS data, and examined for their anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells as well as for their cellular antioxidant effects. Compounds 7-10 and 12 showed inhibitory effects on NF-κB/AP-1 activation and compounds 7-9 were subsequently confirmed to suppress the secretion of both IL-1β and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells more significantly than the prednisone used as a positive control. In the CAA assay, compound 10 exhibited the greatest antioxidant effect, greater than that of the quercetin used as a positive control. The results show possible beneficial effects and utilization of B. papyrifera wood in the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as oxidative stress.

• Klíčová slova
• Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Broussonetia papyrifera, NF-κB,
• MeSH
• antiflogistika chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• Broussonetia chemie   MeSH
• interleukin-1beta antagonisté a inhibitory   biosyntéza   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy antagonisté a inhibitory   farmakologie   MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• NF-kappa B analýza   antagonisté a inhibitory   biosyntéza   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• THP-1 buňky MeSH
• TNF-alfa antagonisté a inhibitory   biosyntéza   MeSH
• transkripční faktor AP-1 analýza   antagonisté a inhibitory   biosyntéza   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiflogistika MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• IL1B protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• interleukin-1beta MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• NF-kappa B MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH
• transkripční faktor AP-1 MeSH

Berries, especially members of several families, such as Rosaceae (strawberry, raspberry, blackberry), and Ericaceae (blueberry, cranberry), belong to the best dietary sources of bioactive compounds (BAC). They have delicious taste and flavor, have economic importance, and because of the antioxidant properties of BAC, they are of great interest also for nutritionists and food technologists due to the opportunity to use BAC as functional foods ingredients. The bioactive compounds in berries contain mainly phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and flavonols, and tannins) and ascorbic acid. These compounds, either individually or combined, are responsible for various health benefits of berries, such as prevention of inflammation disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or protective effects to lower the risk of various cancers. In this review bioactive compounds of commonly consumed berries are described, as well as the factors influencing their antioxidant capacity and their health benefits.

• Klíčová slova
• anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, berry, bioactive compounds, health benefits, phenolic compounds,
• MeSH
• anthokyaniny chemie   MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   MeSH
• brusnice s jedlými plody chemie   MeSH
• Ericaceae chemie   MeSH
• fenoly chemie   MeSH
• flavonoidy chemie   MeSH
• jahodník chemie   MeSH
• kyselina askorbová chemie   MeSH
• ovoce MeSH
• Rosaceae chemie   MeSH
• Rubus chemie   MeSH
• Vaccinium macrocarpon chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anthokyaniny MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• kyselina askorbová MeSH

We aimed to identify the variables that modify levels of oxidatively damaged DNA and lipid peroxidation in subjects living in diverse localities of the Czech Republic (a rural area, a metropolitan locality, and an industrial region). The sampling of a total of 126 policemen was conducted twice in two sampling seasons. Personal characteristics, concentrations of particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm and benzo[a]pyrene in the ambient air, activities of antioxidant mechanisms (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and antioxidant capacity), levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in blood plasma, and urinary levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites were investigated as parameters potentially affecting the markers of DNA oxidation (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine) and lipid peroxidation (15-F2t-isoprostane). The levels of oxidative stress markers mostly differed between the localities in the individual sampling seasons. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, as a factor with the most pronounced effects on oxidative stress parameters. The role of other variables, including environmental pollutants, was minor. In conclusion, our study showed that oxidative damage to macromolecules was affected by processes related to inflammation; however, we did not identify a specific environmental factor responsible for the pro-inflammatory response in the organism.

• Klíčová slova
• DNA, POPs, antioxidant response, environmental factors, lipids, oxidative damage,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• interleukin-6 MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí * analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• interleukin-6 MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí * MeSH
• pevné částice MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * MeSH

We studied changes in antioxidant protection during ageing and senescence in chloroplasts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Wisconsin) with introduced SAG(12) promoter fused with ipt gene for cytokinin synthesis (transgenic plants with increased levels of cytokinins, SAG) or without it (control). Old leaves of SAG plants as well as their chloroplasts maintained higher physiological parameters compared to controls; accordingly, we concluded that their ageing was diverted due to increased cytokinin content. The chloroplast antioxidant protection did not decrease as well. Although antioxidant protection usually decreased in whole leaves of senescing control plants, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activity, which maintained the high redox state of ascorbate, increased in chloroplasts of old control leaves.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia fyziologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chloroplasty metabolismus   MeSH
• cytokininy biosyntéza   MeSH
• geneticky modifikované rostliny cytologie   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• listy rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• stárnutí buněk fyziologie   MeSH
• tabák cytologie   genetika   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• cytokininy MeSH

Medicinal plants are traditionally used in folk medicine as natural healing remedies with therapeutic effects such as prevention of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation disorders, or reducing the risk of cancer. In addition, pharmacological industry utilizes medicinal plants due to the presence of active chemical substances as agents for drug synthesis. They are valuable also for food and cosmetic industry as additives, due to their preservative effects because of the presence of antioxidants and antimicrobial constituents. To commonly used medicinal plants with antioxidant activity known worldwide belong plants from several families, especially Lamiaceae (rosemary, sage, oregano, marjoram, basil, thyme, mints, balm), Apiaceae (cumin, fennel, caraway), and Zingiberaceae (turmeric, ginger). The antioxidant properties of medicinal plants depend on the plant, its variety, environmental conditions, climatic and seasonal variations, geographical regions of growth, degree of ripeness, growing practices, and many other factors such as postharvest treatment and processing. In addition, composition and concentration of present antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds, are related to antioxidant effect. For appropriate determination of antioxidant capacity, the extraction technique, its conditions, solvent used, and particular assay methodology are important.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   izolace a purifikace   zásobování a distribuce   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• fortifikované potraviny * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• potravinářské konzervační látky chemie   izolace a purifikace   zásobování a distribuce   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• potravinářské konzervační látky MeSH