Evolutionary dynamics of rDNA clusters on chromosomes of moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Language English Country Netherlands Media print
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- MeSH
- Chromosomes genetics MeSH
- DNA genetics MeSH
- Species Specificity MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Genetic Variation MeSH
- Genome, Insect MeSH
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence MeSH
- Karyotyping MeSH
- Evolution, Molecular * MeSH
- Butterflies genetics MeSH
- Moths genetics MeSH
- Nucleolus Organizer Region genetics MeSH
- Recombination, Genetic MeSH
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid MeSH
- DNA, Ribosomal genetics MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S genetics MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- DNA MeSH
- DNA, Ribosomal MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S MeSH
We examined chromosomal distribution of major ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs), clustered in the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), in 18 species of moths and butterflies using fluorescence in situ hybridization with a codling moth (Cydia pomonella) 18S rDNA probe. Most species showed one or two rDNA clusters in their haploid karyotype but exceptions with 4-11 clusters also occurred. Our results in a compilation with previous data revealed dynamic evolution of rDNA distribution in Lepidoptera except Noctuoidea, which showed a highly uniform rDNA pattern. In karyotypes with one NOR, interstitial location of rDNA prevailed, whereas two-NOR karyotypes showed mostly terminally located rDNA clusters. A possible origin of the single interstitial NOR by fusion between two NOR-chromosomes with terminal rDNA clusters lacks support in available data. In some species, spreading of rDNA to new, mostly terminal chromosome regions was found. The multiplication of rDNA clusters without alteration of chromosome numbers rules out chromosome fissions as a major mechanism of rDNA expansion. Based on rDNA dynamics in Lepidoptera and considering the role of ordered nuclear architecture in karyotype evolution, we propose ectopic recombination, i.e., homologous recombination between repetitive sequences of non-homologous chromosomes, as a primary motive force in rDNA repatterning.
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