In this study we characterised the development of caecal microbiota in egg laying hens over their commercial production lifespan, from the day of hatching until 60 weeks of age. Using pyrosequencing of V3/V4 variable regions of 16S rRNA genes for microbiota characterisation, we were able to define 4 different stages of caecal microbiota development. The first stage lasted for the first week of life and was characterised by a high prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae (phylum Proteobacteria). The second stage lasted from week 2 to week 4 and was characterised by nearly an absolute dominance of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae (both phylum Firmicutes). The third stage lasted from month 2 to month 6 and was characterised by the succession of Firmicutes at the expense of Bacteroidetes. The fourth stage was typical for adult hens in full egg production aged 7 months or more and was characterised by a constant ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes formed by equal numbers of the representatives of both phyla.

The University of Technology Brno Czech Republic

Veterinary Research Institute Brno Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Mariat D, Firmesse O, Levenez F, Guimarăes V, Sokol H, et al. (2009) The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microbiota changes with age. BMC Microbiol 9:123. PubMed PMC

Claesson MJ, Cusack S, O'Sullivan O, Greene-Diniz R, de Weerd H, et al. (2011) Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 Suppl 1: 4586–91. PubMed PMC

Claesson MJ, Jeffery IB, Conde S, Power SE, O'Connor EM, et al. (2012) Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly. Nature 488:178–84. PubMed

O'Toole PW, Claesson MJ (2010) Gut microbiota: Changes throughout the lifespan from infancy to elderly. Int Dairy J 20:281–91.

Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, Bittinger K, Chen YY, et al. (2011) Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science 334:105–8. PubMed PMC

Lu J, Idris U, Harmon B, Hofacre C, Maurer JJ, et al. (2003) Diversity and succession of the intestinal bacterial community of the maturing broiler chicken. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:6816–24. PubMed PMC

Stanley D, Geier MS, Hughes RJ, Denman SE, Moore RJ (2013) Highly variable microbiota development in the chicken gastrointestinal tract. PLoS One 8:e84290. PubMed PMC

Hoszowski A, Truszczynski M (1997) Prevention of Salmonella typhimurium caecal colonisation by different preparations for competitive exclusion. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 20:111–7. PubMed

Methner U, Barrow PA, Berndt A, Steinbach G (1999) Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens: experimental studies. Int J Food Microbiol 49:35–42. PubMed

Methner U, Barrow PA, Martin G, Meyer H (1997) Comparative study of the protective effect against Salmonella colonisation in newly hatched SPF chickens using live, attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains, wild-type Salmonella strains or a competitive exclusion product. Int J Food Microbiol 35:223–30. PubMed

Endt K, Stecher B, Chaffron S, Slack E, Tchitchek N, et al. (2010) The microbiota mediates pathogen clearance from the gut lumen after non-typhoidal Salmonella diarrhea. PLoS Pathog 6:e1001097. PubMed PMC

Zhu XY, Zhong T, Pandya Y, Joerger RD (2002) 16S rRNA-based analysis of microbiota from the cecum of broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:124–37. PubMed PMC

Callaway TR, Dowd SE, Wolcott RD, Sun Y, McReynolds JL, et al. (2009) Evaluation of the bacterial diversity in cecal contents of laying hens fed various molting diets by using bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing. Poult Sci 88:298–302. PubMed

Nordentoft S, Molbak L, Bjerrum L, De Vylder J, Van Immerseel F, et al. (2011) The influence of the cage system and colonisation of Salmonella Enteritidis on the microbial gut flora of laying hens studied by T-RFLP and 454 pyrosequencing. BMC Microbiol 11:187. PubMed PMC

Cressman MD, Yu Z, Nelson MC, Moeller SJ, Lilburn MS, et al. (2010) Interrelations between the microbiotas in the litter and in the intestines of commercial broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:6572–82. PubMed PMC

Danzeisen JL, Kim HB, Isaacson RE, Tu ZJ, Johnson TJ (2011) Modulations of the chicken cecal microbiome and metagenome in response to anticoccidial and growth promoter treatment. PLoS One 6:e27949. PubMed PMC

Yin Y, Lei F, Zhu L, Li S, Wu Z, et al. (2010) Exposure of different bacterial inocula to newborn chicken affects gut microbiota development and ileum gene expression. ISME J 4:367–76. PubMed

Stanley D, Keyburn AL, Denman SE, Moore RJ (2012) Changes in the caecal microflora of chickens following Clostridium perfringens challenge to induce necrotic enteritis. Vet Microbiol 159:155–62. PubMed

Zhao L, Wang G, Siegel P, He C, Wang H, et al. (2013) Quantitative genetic background of the host influences gut microbiomes in chickens. Sci Rep 3:1163. PubMed PMC

Videnska P, Sisak F, Havlickova H, Faldynova M, Rychlik I (2013) Influence of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection on the composition of chicken cecal microbiota. BMC Vet Res 9:140. PubMed PMC

Videnska P, Rahman MM, Faldynova M, Babak V, Elsheimer Matulova M, et al. (2014) Characterization of egg laying hen and broiler fecal microbiota in poultry farms in Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia. PLoS One 9:e110076. PubMed PMC

Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, Le Paslier D, Yamada T, et al. (2011) Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 473:174–80. PubMed PMC

Roediger WE (1982) Utilization of nutrients by isolated epithelial cells of the rat colon. Gastroenterology 83:424–9. PubMed

Scheppach W (1994) Effects of short chain fatty acids on gut morphology and function. Gut 35:S35–S38. PubMed PMC

Ahmad MS, Krishnan S, Ramakrishna BS, Mathan M, Pulimood AB, et al. (2000) Butyrate and glucose metabolism by colonocytes in experimental colitis in mice. Gut 46:493–9. PubMed PMC

Walker AW, Duncan SH, McWilliam Leitch EC, Child MW, Flint HJ (2005) pH and peptide supply can radically alter bacterial populations and short-chain fatty acid ratios within microbial communities from the human colon. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:3692–700. PubMed PMC

Duncan SH, Belenguer A, Holtrop G, Johnstone AM, Flint HJ, et al. (2007) Reduced dietary intake of carbohydrates by obese subjects results in decreased concentrations of butyrate and butyrate-producing bacteria in feces. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:1073–8. PubMed PMC

Louis P, Flint HJ (2007) Development of a semiquantitative degenerate real-time pcr-based assay for estimation of numbers of butyryl-coenzyme A (CoA) CoA transferase genes in complex bacterial samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:2009–12. PubMed PMC

Wrzosek L, Miquel S, Noordine ML, Bouet S, Joncquel Chevalier-Curt M, et al. (2013) Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii influence the production of mucus glycans and the development of goblet cells in the colonic epithelium of a gnotobiotic model rodent. BMC Biol 11:61. PubMed PMC

Yang J, Martinez I, Walter J, Keshavarzian A, Rose DJ (2013) In vitro characterization of the impact of selected dietary fibers on fecal microbiota composition and short chain fatty acid production. Anaerobe 23:74–81. PubMed

Benjdia A, Martens EC, Gordon JI, Berteau O (2011) Sulfatases and a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) enzyme are key for mucosal foraging and fitness of the prominent human gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. J Biol Chem 286:25973–82. PubMed PMC

Rey FE, Gonzalez MD, Cheng J, Wu M, Ahern PP, et al. (2013) Metabolic niche of a prominent sulfate-reducing human gut bacterium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:13582–7. PubMed PMC

Suzuki K, Meek B, Doi Y, Muramatsu M, Chiba T, et al. (2004) Aberrant expansion of segmented filamentous bacteria in IgA-deficient gut. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:1981–6. PubMed PMC

Matulova M, Varmuzova K, Sisak F, Havlickova H, Babak V, et al. (2013) Chicken innate immune response to oral infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Vet Res 44:37. PubMed PMC

Videnska P, Faldynova M, Juricova H, Babak V, Sisak F, et al. (2013) Chicken faecal microbiota and disturbances induced by single or repeated therapy with tetracycline and streptomycin. BMC Vet Res 9:30. PubMed PMC

Juricova H, Videnska P, Lukac M, Faldynova M, Babak V, et al. (2013) Influence of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection on the development of the cecum microbiota in newly hatched chicks. Appl Environ Microbiol 79:745–7. PubMed PMC

Caporaso JG, Kuczynski J, Stombaugh J, Bittinger K, Bushman FD, et al. (2010) QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat Methods 7:335–6. PubMed PMC

Lozupone C, Knight R (2005) UniFrac: a new phylogenetic method for comparing microbial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:8228–35. PubMed PMC

Probiotic Mixtures Consisting of Representatives of Bacteroidetes and Selenomonadales Increase Resistance of Newly Hatched Chicks to Salmonella Enteritidis Infection

Immunoglobulin secretion influences the composition of chicken caecal microbiota

In Vivo Expression of Chicken Gut Anaerobes Identifies Carbohydrate- or Amino Acid-Utilising, Motile or Type VI Secretion System-Expressing Bacteria

Contact with adult hens affects the composition of skin and respiratory tract microbiota in newly hatched chicks

Colonization of chickens with competitive exclusion products results in extensive differences in metabolite composition in cecal digesta

Research Note: A mixture of Bacteroides spp. and other probiotic intestinal anaerobes reduces colonization by pathogenic E. coli strain O78:H4-ST117 in newly hatched chickens

Succession, Replacement, and Modification of Chicken Litter Microbiota

Host Species Adaptation of Obligate Gut Anaerobes Is Dependent on Their Environmental Survival

Detoxification, Hydrogen Sulphide Metabolism and Wound Healing Are the Main Functions That Differentiate Caecum Protein Expression from Ileum of Week-Old Chicken

Eggshell and Feed Microbiota Do Not Represent Major Sources of Gut Anaerobes for Chickens in Commercial Production

Ecological Adaptations of Gut Microbiota Members and Their Consequences for Use as a New Generation of Probiotics

The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in chicken gut microbiota commensals

Different Bacteroides Species Colonise Human and Chicken Intestinal Tract

Gut microbiota composition before infection determines the Salmonella super- and low-shedder phenotypes in chicken

Environmental Impact on Differential Composition of Gut Microbiota in Indoor Chickens in Commercial Production and Outdoor, Backyard Chickens

Composition and Function of Chicken Gut Microbiota

Gut Anaerobes Capable of Chicken Caecum Colonisation

Systematic Culturomics Shows that Half of Chicken Caecal Microbiota Members can be Grown in Vitro Except for Two Lineages of Clostridiales and a Single Lineage of Bacteroidetes

Contact with adult hen affects development of caecal microbiota in newly hatched chicks

Whole genome sequencing and function prediction of 133 gut anaerobes isolated from chicken caecum in pure cultures

Zobrazit více v PubMed

SRA
SRP046156