Yeasts, like other microorganisms, create numerous types of multicellular communities, which differ in their complexity, cell differentiation and in the occupation of different niches. Some of the communities, such as colonies and some types of biofilms, develop by division and subsequent differentiation of cells growing on semisolid or solid surfaces to which they are attached or which they can penetrate. Aggregation of individual cells is important for formation of other community types, such as multicellular flocs, which sediment to the bottom or float to the surface of liquid cultures forming flor biofilms, organized at the border between liquid and air under specific circumstances. These examples together with the existence of more obscure communities, such as stalks, demonstrate that multicellularity is widespread in yeast. Despite this fact, identification of mechanisms and regulations involved in complex multicellular behavior still remains one of the challenges of microbiology. Here, we briefly discuss metabolic differences between particular yeast communities as well as the presence and functions of various differentiated cells and provide examples of the ability of these cells to develop different ways to cope with stress during community development and aging.

Faculty of Science Charles University BIOCEV 252 50 Vestec Czech Republic

Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences BIOCEV 252 50 Vestec Czech Republic

Citace poskytuje Crossref.org

Differential stability of Gcn4p controls its cell-specific activity in differentiated yeast colonies

Non-Coding RNAs: Regulators of Stress, Ageing, and Developmental Decisions in Yeast?

The characteristics of differentiated yeast subpopulations depend on their lifestyle and available nutrients

Spatially structured yeast communities: Understanding structure formation and regulation with omics tools

Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling Contributes to Metabolic Differentiation in Yeast Colonies

The Whi2p-Psr1p/Psr2p complex regulates interference competition and expansion of cells with competitive advantage in yeast colonies

Cell Distribution within Yeast Colonies and Colony Biofilms: How Structure Develops

Diverse roles of Tup1p and Cyc8p transcription regulators in the development of distinct types of yeast populations